Influence of 6PPD Stabilizer on Climatic Stability of Rubbers Based on Butadiene-Nitrile and Epichlorohydrin Rubbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
M.D. Sokolova ◽  
A.F. Fedorova ◽  
M.L. Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Fluids ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Butadiene Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Hydrocarbon Media

The present paper outlines the results of full-scale tests of climatic stability and the study of resistance to the action of hydrocarbon media of rubbers based on BNKS-18-18 (butadiene-nitrile rubber) and Hydrin T6000 epichlorohydrin rubber containing one of 6PPDstabilizerwith an aromatic amine moiety widely used in synthetic rubbers. Samples are exposed in an open ground under natural conditions of exposure to climatic external factors of Yakutsk in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as in the oil environment of Talakanskoye field and I-50A hydraulic fluid in an unheated room. Such indexes of the samples as conditional tensile strength, elongation at rupture, hardness and degree of swelling are measured to determine the resistance of rubbers to aging after the first, third, and sixth months of exposing. The results of the study reveal the contribution of 6PPD stabilizer in maintaining the stability of the physical and mechanical properties of BNKS-18: rubber containing 6PPD has less property changes both in the open air and in hydrocarbon media compared to rubber without a stabilizer. It should be noted that the oil environment is the most aggressive environment, the swelling of rubbers in oil leads to a significant reduction in strength due to a decrease in intermolecular interaction.6PPD stabilizer occurred less effective for the rubber based on Hydrin T6000: changes in properties of the samples containing the stabilizer are larger than those of the samples without the stabilizer. However, unlike BNKS-18-18-based rubber, the swelling of rubber based on Hydrin T6000 led to the greatest stability of the physical and mechanical properties in the oil environment compared to the open air and hydraulic fluids.

Investigation of the Climatic Stability of Sealing Rubbers Used in the Technology of the North

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
M.D. Sokolova ◽  
A.F. Fedorova ◽  
M.L. Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Butadiene Nitrile Rubber

The present paper outlines the results of full-scale tests of climatic stability of rubbers based on BNKS-18 (butadiene-nitrile rubber) and Hydrin T6000 epichlorohydrin rubber containing low-volatile and non-toxic phenolic antioxidants. Samples are exposed in an open ground under natural conditions of exposure to climatic external factors of Yakutsk in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), as well as in deformed state (by 30%). Such indexes of the samples as conditional tensile strength, elongation at break are measured to determine the resistance of rubbers to aging after the first, third, sixth, ninth, twelfth and eighteenth months of exposing. The results of the study reveal the contribution of CO3 stabilizer in maintaining the stability of the physical and mechanical properties of BNKS-18: rubber containing CO3 has less property changes in the open air. Stafen stabilizer occurred more effective for the rubber based on Hydrin T6000: Over the entire period of full-scale exposure, rubber samples containing it demonstrated the smallest changes in the indicators of elastic-strength properties as compared to the industrial stabilizer 6РРD and other experimental stabilizers.

Research changes in the properties of butadiene-nitrile rubber under various aging conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110290
Author(s):  
Mariya L Davydova ◽  
Aytalina F Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Sterically Hindered Phenols ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Hindered Phenols ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Butadiene Nitrile Rubber

This article represents the results of a study of changes in the properties of vulcanizates based on BNR-18 butadiene-nitrile rubber containing as stabilizers the experimental spatially hindered phenols Stafen, CO3, CO4, and industrial antioxidant 6PPD, after accelerated aging (100°C 96 h) and aging under full-scale exposure in extreme climatic conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) during 2 years. In winter, the air temperature reached—48°C, in summer—+36.1°C. It is shown that the experimental sterically hindered phenols more effectively under natural exposure conditions. They are characterized by the most stability in terms of strength throughout the entire exposure period. Under conditions of accelerated aging, the vulcanizate containing the industrial antioxidant 6PPD is characterized by the greatest stability of physical and mechanical properties. According to the viscoelastic characteristics obtained in the dynamic loading mode, the contribution of the presented stabilizers in maintaining resistance to temperature and deformation effects compared with unstabilized rubber is confirmed.

METHOD OF CALCULATION THE STABILITY OF AN EXCAVATOR EQUIPPED WITH A CONE ROLLER

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
K. Z. Tilloev ◽  
S. V. Kondakov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Support Roller ◽  
The Stability

The construction and method of calculating the stability of a crawler excavator equipped with a new working body (cone roller) are considered. The calculation is made on two working positions (longitudinal and transverse) of the excavator, provided that the excavator must apply the maximum force on the working body at an angle of 90°. The force applied by the excavator boom to the cone roller during the introduction depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the compacted soil. The calculation method differs in that during the compaction of the roadbed, the cone sinks into the ground, and the excavator tends to roll in the direction of the rear track support roller, in contrast to the traditional danger of tipping over the front support roller when working with a bucket.

TiO2 and ZnO Water Sol Preparation by Sol–Gel Method and Application on Polyester Fabric of Antistatic Finishing

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Chu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Shi Zhong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Pure Tio2 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Result Show ◽  
The Stability

Abstract：Pure TiO2 water sol, pure ZnO water sol and three compound TiO2/ZnO water sols are prepared under low temperature. Then the padding and baking process is used to put the functional sol liquid on the fabric. SEM is use to analyzed the change of surface feature and the result show that all of the water sol except pure ZnO water sol liquid formed a thin film on the fiber The stability of pure ZnO water sol is the best one and the pure TiO2 water sol is the worst one at temperature of 15°C. The compound water sols stabilities are between these two water sols and with the more amount of ZnO, the stability last longer. Both mole of TiO2 and ZnO with the rate of 5 to 5 and 7 to 3 display the best antistatic behavior, but the washing fastnesses are not good. After treatment, the moisture regain displays most dramatically changes; the next one is whiteness of fabric, but the other physical and mechanical properties have a little change.

scholarly journals Analysis on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Red Mud Materials and Stockpile Stability after Dilatation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbo Feng ◽  
Chao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Bayer Red Mud ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Wetting Process

Red mud is the tailings generated from the production process of aluminum industry and is mainly stacked in open-air at present, so how to ensure the stability of red mud stockpile is very important. Regarding mud stockpile of Guizhou Aluminum Factory as the research object, this paper studies the physical and mechanical properties of Bayer red mud from wetting process, Bayer red mud from drying process, and sintering red mud through laboratory test and finally analyzes its stability under extreme rainfall condition in this region by the Geo-Studio software. The research results show that the red muds in different processes have big difference in physical and mechanical properties. The strength of sintering red mud is about 4.2 times of that of Bayer red mud from wetting process on average, and the strength of Bayer red mud from drying process is about 1.5 times of that of Bayer red mud from wetting process on average. So, the sintering red mud can be used as the subdam of red mud stockpile, to reduce the risk of collapse and dam break. The stability coefficients of the mixed stocking method under three rainfall conditions are 2.611, 2.597, and 2.631, respectively, all of which are above 1.0. It reveals that the dilatation scheme of using the sintering red mud with good engineering properties to stockpile the Bayer red mud is feasible. It can not only guarantee the safety and stability of red mud stockpiles, but also reduce the risk of red mud dam break and the capital investment of red mud yard.

Indentation Induced Deformation and Crack Behavior of β-SiC Irradiated at High Temperature

2005 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
Kyeon Hwan Park ◽  
Tatsuya Hinoki ◽  
Akira Kohyama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Radiation Hardening ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Indentation Method ◽  
Microstructural Observation ◽  
Crack Behavior ◽  
Complex Propagation ◽  
Property Changes

Irradiation damage produced by neutrons or energetic particles lead to changes of physical- and mechanical-properties of SiC. Radiation hardening and fracture toughness changing of SiC were clarified by indentation method previously. However, the mechanism studies have received little alteration. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of mechanical property changes under irradiation. In this paper, the microstructural observation beneath and near an indentation will be used to infer mechanisms of radiation hardening and toughening. Indenting polycrystalline SiC creates deformation and cracking in the plastically deformed region. In the case of irradiated SiC, however, small-sized deformation zone was observed below contact indent, which resulted in the restricted size of residual impression. Additionally, the indentation cracks showed complex propagation behaviors such as deflecting, branching and microcracking.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of the rocks of the Starobinsky deposit forming the Third potash layer and its roof

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-494
Author(s):  
A. B. Petrovsky ◽  
V. Ya. Prushak ◽  
E. A. Lutovich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Roof Falling ◽  
Main Factor

The geological structure and the physical-mechanical properties of rocks composing and overlapping the Third potash formation in the areas of the mine field mine No. 4 JSC Belaruskali, which are scheduled to practice, are studied. The geological sections of the Third potash layer and its roof were built, the thickness of sylvinite and halite layers was measured, the roof falling of the rocks of the layer with a height of up to 20 m was assessed, and the type of immediate roof was determined by the composition and structure of its constituent rocks. It was established that the strength under uniaxial compression of both sylvinite and halite layers for the areas under consideration differs slightly. Therefore, to solve engineering problems of ensuring the stability of mine workings and to calculate fastening parameters, strength values averaged over the groups of layers can be used that correlate well with the percentage of weak and clay interlayers. The same applies to Poisson’s ratio, the values of which for various layers of formation are slightly different and can be taken by their averaging. It is shown that the main factor that negatively affects the strength of rocks occurring in the roof of the Third potash seam is the presence of weak and clay interlayers, which increases with depth. The introduction of the obtained results allows us to improve the calculation accuracy of securing mining parameters, to reduce the costs of their maintenance, and to improve the safety of mining operations in developing the Third potash formation in complex geological and mining conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of Drying and Wetting Cycles on Vegetation Cement-soil Physical and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Hu ◽  
Jiazhen Gao ◽  
Mingtao Zhou ◽  
Songtao Peng ◽  
Wennian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Meteorological Condition ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Cement Soil

The physical and mechanical properties of the ecological slope protection substrate will be affected by long-term variation of the meteorological condition, resulting in the stability of the substrate being reduced. So an artificial substrate of vegetation cement-soil was selected as the research object to prepare specimens with the different initial moisture content of 13%, 19%, 25%, 31%, 37%, and 43%. And a series of tests are conducted to investigate the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties under drying-wetting cycling conditions. Typical results of the vegetation cement-soil evolution can be divided into three stages: cement hydration stage, shrinkage stage, and stabilization stage. In terms of different initial moisture content, the shrinkage cracks number, cracks length, crack width, and cracks surface area are increased first and then stabilize with the increase of the number of drying-wetting cycles. In contrast, the cohesion and internal friction angle of the vegetation cement-soil is reduced with the increase of the number of cycles. Comprehensive analysis shows that the initial moisture content of vegetation cement soil ranges from 25% to 31% is the optimal choice to ensure substrate stability in production practice.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Medium Density Fiberboards for Furniture Production and Interior Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Jakimovska Popovska ◽  
Borche Iliev ◽  
Ivo Spiroski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
End Use

BACKGROUND: The paper analyzes the properties of medium density fiberboards (MDF) intended for furniture production and interior application. Because MDF panels are one of the mostly used wood-based panels in furniture production sector in the Republic of Macedonia it is important to know and understand their basic physical and mechanical properties. AIM: For better understanding of MDF panels and their proper end use by the furniture constructors and designers, physical and mechanical properties of MDF panels present in the market are tested.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Commercially produced MDF panels taken from one company from wood-based panel market were tested. Evaluation of the quality of the panels was made on the basis of the obtained results for the physical and mechanical properties of the panels. Properties of MDF were tested according to the national MKS standards and European norms.RESULTS: Tested MDF panels present on our market are characterized by good physical and mechanical properties that meet the requirements of the standards for MDF for use in dry conditions including furniture production and interior applications.CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended to avoid application of these MDF panels in high humidity conditions for a longer exploitation period. For this kind of applications, such as bathroom areas, the furniture constructors and interior designers should consider use of MDF.H type of panel for application in high humidity conditions, which will provide good dimensional stability of the products during whole exploitation period.

scholarly journals Transformation of oil dispersed systems during operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
V. D. Cherepanov ◽  
S. G. D’yachkova ◽  
I. I. Kuzora ◽  
D. A. Dubrovskii ◽  
V. I. Lukina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Dispersed Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Group Hydrocarbon ◽  
The Stability

Abstract: Using the example of oil road bitumen grades BND 100/130, BND 130/200 and BND 70/100, this article studies the transformation of oil dispersed systems under various logistic schemes of operation. This research focuses on the influence of the conditions for storing road bitumens of different grades on their physical and mechanical properties and group hydrocarbon composition during transportation from the manufacturer to the consumer. The results show that a change in the physical and mechanical properties of road bitumens during high-temperature storage is related to the changes in the group hydrocarbon composition due to the hydrocarbons autooxidation and destabilization of the colloidal structure of dispersal systems. The conditions for storing bitumen with a minimum change in its quality indicators have been determined. It has been established that storage of bitumen under atmospheric conditions allows preserving its original properties without significant changes. There is evidence that nitrogen purging significantly reduces the effect of homolytic processes leading to the transformation of oil dispersed systems during further transportation from the manufacturer to the consumer. Experimental data confirm that of all basic physical and mechanical properties of bitumen, “the depth of penetration of needle” is the most sensitive index, while the “softening temperature” index, frequently used for quality control of bitumen, is inertial. Determining the change in penetration, depending on the duration of storing bitumen, has required formulating a special equation. It has been established that when storing road bitumen at a temperature of 180 ºС, for each hour the index of the penetration depth of the needle at 25 º decreases by 0.8 units. Organizational and technical measures have been determined to ensure the stability of the road bitumen quality during manufacture, storage and transportation to consumers.

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