Determination of Silver Nanoparticle Concentration Ratio in the Blood and Brain of Rats for Different Administration Routes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yu. Soloviev ◽  
Anna A. Antsiferova ◽  
Svetlana S. Fatkina ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Demin ◽  
Vladimir F. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Isotope Label ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

A study to assess the concentrations ratio of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in the blood and brain of the male Wistar rats using nuclear physical methods has been carried out. The Ag-NPs suspension including quasi-spherical Ag-NPs was administrated intravenously (in the tail vein for Ag-NPs of 9+2 nm and 94+10 nm), and for Ag-NPs of 94 nm diameter it was also administrated orally and intratracheally. The organ recovery was made in 24 h following the administration (for three types of administration) and one more time in 120 h in case of intravenous administration. Radioactive label in the nuclei of silver was created by irradiation of Ag-NPs suspensions in a flow of reactor thermal neutrons, and its share was 5.6 ∙ 10-7 of the total number of silver atoms. This fact could not affect the overall physical and chemical properties of radiolabeled Ag-NPs. We measured the activity of the 110mAg isotope-label in samples of blood and brain of rats, while the activity of 59Fe isotope was measured after the exposure to samples of these organs.Given the fact that iron is contained mainly in the hemoglobin of blood, on the basis of the measurement of 59Fe activity being the induced by neutron flux, we derived an evaluation of the residual mass of blood in brain capillaries using a standard procedure to prepare the samples. This determination is 0.058±0.010 g, and on average this is about 0 37±0.09% of the total mass of blood in rats. The estimated ratio of the Ag-NPs concentration in brain samples of rats (minus the Ag-NPs number in residual blood capillaries) to their peripheral blood concentration for 9 nm Ag-NPs is 0.16±0.04 and 0.31±0.07, and for 94 nm Ag-NPs - 0.20±0.05 and 0.29±0.07 for times in 24 and 120 hours after intravenous administration, respectively. For Ag-NPs of 9 nm and 94 nm diameter we revealed no significant effect of the Ag-NPs size on the value of this ratio. The same ratio for Ag-NPs of 94 nm diameter in 24 h after the oral and intratracheal administration is 0.29+0.09 and 0.41+0.12, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performances of rice (Oryza sativa var. nerica) after exposure to biosynthesized nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ikhajiagbe ◽  
F. A. Igiebor ◽  
M. C. Ogwu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Viable Seeds

Abstract Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a common staple food in Nigeria. However, cultivation is impaired by heavy metal contamination, particularly iron (Fe). This study aimed to investigate the impacts of biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing the growth and yield components of rice sown in ferruginous soil. Viable seeds of O. sativa var. nerica were sown in ferruginous and non-ferruginous soils. After four weeks, the plants were exposed to foliar sprays of biosynthesized NPs from silver nitrate, using extracts of leaves of Carica papaya, Vernonia amygdalina, Moringa oleifera, and Azadirachta indica; and the flowers of Hibiscus sabderiffa, following standard procedure. The originally prepared stock solution was diluted to give 5, 15, and 30% concentrations of each synthesized NP. Results Results showed that soil ferrugenicity impeded the growth and yield of rice. Azadirachta-synthesized NPs was better enhanced in the ferruginous soils, which might be due to Fe interaction and activities. Moreover, there was increased antioxidant activity in the ferruginous rice compared to the non-ferruginous rice, thus it is evidence that ferrugenicity is a major source of physiological stress for the rice plant. Conclusion The study provided evidence that Ag-NPs can enhance plant yield by huge proportions in ferruginous soil, a condition (ferrugenicity) that was hitherto inimical to yield disposition of rice.

Silver nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity, but not cell transformation or genotoxicity on Balb3T3 mouse fibroblasts

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Broggi ◽  
Jessica Ponti ◽  
Guido Giudetti ◽  
Fabio Franchini ◽  
Vicki Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Average Size

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are one of the most common nanomaterials present in nanotechnology-based products. Here, the physical chemical properties of Ag NPs suspensions of 44 nm, 84 nm and 100 nm sizes synthesized in our laboratory were characterized. The NM-300 material (average size of 17 nm), supplied by the Joint Research Centre Nanomaterials Repository was also included in the present study. The Ag NPs potential cytotoxicity was tested on the Balb3T3 cell line by the Colony Forming Efficiency assay, while their potential morphological neoplastic transformation and genotoxicity were tested by the Cell Transformation Assay and the micronucleus test, respectively. After 24 h of exposure, NM-300 showed cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 8 µM (corresponding to 0.88 µg/mL) while for the other nanomaterials tested, values of IC50 were higher than 10 µM (1.10 µg/mL). After 72 h of exposure, Ag NPs showed size-dependent cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 1.5 µM (1.16 µg/mL) for NM-300, 1.7 µM (1.19 µg/mL) for Ag 44 nm, 1.9 µM (0.21 µg/mL) for Ag 84 nm and 3.2 µM (0.35 µg/mL) for Ag 100 nm. None of the Ag NPs tested was able to induce either morphological neoplastic transformation or micronuclei formation.

The structure and bonding properties of tiopronin-protected silver nanoparticles as studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniel Padmos ◽  
David J. Morris ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ligand Shell ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Thiolate-protected Ag nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit interesting physical and chemical properties which may lead to various sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. Further, understanding structure–property relationships of Ag NPs is of great interest to optimize their application. Herein, we used TEM, UV–vis, and a series of synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy techniques to probe the local structure and chemical bonding properties of thiolate-stabilized Ag NPs. Compared with other Ag nanostructures prepared under slightly modified conditions, the Ag NPs were found to have pronounced structural changes, which led to immensely different optical properties. Notably, the NPs were also found to have similar surface structure to recently elucidated Ag nanoclusters prepared with different thiolates. These findings suggest that the NP structure and optical properties can be sensitively tailored by controlling the synthetic conditions. The multi-element, multi-core excitation approach (i.e., Ag K-, Ag L3-, and S K-edges) employed in the X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements was also demonstrated as an effective tool to uncover the NP structure from both the metal core and the ligand shell perspectives.

scholarly journals Green Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Bio-Inspired Stimuli-Responsive Vesicles in Cancer Therapy Application

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria De Matteis ◽  
Loris Rizzello ◽  
Mariafrancesca Cascione ◽  
Eva Liatsi-Douvitsa ◽  
Azzurra Apriceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Biological Entities

In the last years, there is a growing interest in the application of nanoscaled materials in cancer therapy because of their unique physico-chemical properties. However, the dark side of their usability is limited by their possible toxic behaviour and accumulation in living organisms. Starting from this assumption, the search for a green alternative to produce nanoparticles (NPs) or the discovery of green molecules, is a challenge in order to obtain safe materials. In particular, gold (Au NPs) and silver (Ag NPs) NPs are particularly suitable because of their unique physico-chemical properties, in particular plasmonic behaviour that makes them useful as active anticancer agents. These NPs can be obtained by green approaches, alternative to conventional chemical methods, owing to the use of phytochemicals, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules present in plants, fungi, and bacteria, reducing toxic effects. In addition, we analysed the use of green and stimuli-responsive polymeric bio-inspired nanovesicles, mainly used in drug delivery applications that have revolutionised the way of drugs supply. Finally, we reported the last examples on the use of metallic and Au NPs as self-propelling systems as new concept of nanorobot, which are able to respond and move towards specific physical or chemical stimuli in biological entities.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Macro and Micronutrient Status of Soils of Washim Road Farm of Dr. PDKV Akola, Maharashtra, Using GPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vijay A. Dhotare ◽  
V. D. Guldekar ◽  
Sagar N. Ingle ◽  
S. M. Bhoyar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Grid Survey ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
Available Nutrient Status

The present study was conducted during the year 2018 and 2019 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra with an aim to know the macro and micronutrient status of soils of Washim road farm, Dr. PDKV Akola. Grid based (GPS) forty four (44) surface (0-20 cm depth) soil samples were collected by grid survey method at 200 m distance from Washim road farm and analyzed as per standard procedure for judging chemical properties and available nutrient status of soil. The results indicate that all the soils pH under study were slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in reaction and it ranged from 7.5 to 8.6 and soils were free from soluble salt hazard (EC 0.13 to 0.38 dSm-1). Organic carbon content were ranged from 2.34-8.97 g kg-1, soils of Washim road farm was moderately calcareous to calcareous due to presence of CaCO3 in soil. The available major nutrient content in these soils showed very low status for N (100.35-175.61 kg ha-1), available P (13.25-22.4 kg ha-1), and very high for available K (340.14-539.04 kg ha-1). While the available S, it ranges from 7.58-16.4 mg kg-1. The available micronutrient content in these soils showed very low to moderate status for available Fe (2.05-5.96 mg kg-1 ), available Mn (0.82-4.47 mg kg-1) and available Zn (0.12-0.88 mg kg-1) indicates very low to medium and high for available Cu (0.73-3.12 mg kg-1).

Capsaicin-induced activation of pulmonary vagal C fibers produces reflex laryngeal closure in the rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1104-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Jung Lu ◽  
Kun-Ze Lee ◽  
Ji-Chuu Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Glottal Closure ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

Our recent studies show that intravenous administration of capsaicin induces enhancement of the intralaryngeal thyroarytenoid (TA) branch but a reduction of the intralaryngeal abducent branch, suggesting that the glottis is likely closed by capsaicin. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the glottis is adducted by intravenous administration of capsaicin. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the TA muscle, subglottal pressure (SGP), and glottal behavior were evaluated before and after intravenous administration of capsaicin in male Wistar rats that were anesthetized and tracheostomized. Catheters were placed in the femoral artery and vein, as well as in the right jugular vein. Low and high doses of capsaicin (0.625 and 1.25 μg/kg) produced apnea and increases in the amplitude of the TA EMG. This enhancement of the TA EMG was observed during apnea as well as during recovery from apnea. Moreover, the onset of the TA EMG was advanced such that it commenced earlier during inspiration. Concomitantly, the SGP substantially increased. Increases in both the TA EMG and SGP were abolished after bilateral sectioning of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. In some animals, movement of the vocal folds was recorded by taking a motion picture with a digital camera under a surgical microscope. With intravenous administration of capsaicin, a tight glottal closure, decreases in blood pressure, and bradycardia were observed. These results strongly suggest that glottal closure is reflexively induced by intravenous administration of capsaicin and that closure of the glottis is beneficial for the defense of the airway and lungs when an animal is exposed to environmental irritants.

STUDY OF OVERBURDEN TUFF ROCKS AND DEVELOPMENT ON ITS BASIS OF LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Zhanar O. ZHUMADILOVA ◽  
Maratbek T. ZHUGINISSOV ◽  
Yerlan Y. KHAMZA
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vibrating Table ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Introduction. The work presents the research results on the development of technology for lightweight structural concrete based on overburden tuff rocks. To develop the technology of lightweight structural concrete, overburden tuff rock (Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan) is used, which is formed during the extraction of volcanic tuff for the manufacture of facing tiles. Aim. Study of the basic physical, mechanical and chemical properties of tuff, development of lightweight structural concrete compositions. Methods. The overburden tuff rock is crushed in a jaw crusher and screened through a set of standard screens. As a result, aggregates from tuff of fractions were obtained: 0.16-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and 10-20 mm. The composition of tuff concrete was selected by calculation according to the standard procedure. After calculating the composition of tuff concrete, all raw materials: cement, aggregates, additives, and water are dosed and mixed. The concrete mixture is placed in a mold and compacted by vibro-compression on a vibrating table. Hardening of concrete samples is carried out in humid conditions for 7, 14, and 28 days and steaming in a steaming chamber for 12-16 hours. Results and Discussion. After hardening, the properties were determined: compressive strength, average density, and heat transfer coefficient of concrete samples according to standard methods. The tuff concrete grade is in the range of 15.0-20.0 MPa. The average density of tuff concrete is 1822-1910 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) is in the range of 0.66-0.75 W/m∙K. The possibility of manufacturing finishing tiles from tuff concrete by grinding and polishing its surface has been established. Based on tuff sand, with a grain size of 3-5 mm, concrete stones with dimensions of 390x190x188 mm with 2 technological voids were made by vibration pressing. The hollowness of the stone is 51% of its total volume, and the compressive strength grade is 2.5-3.5 MPa. Conclusions. As a research result, the main physical, mechanical and chemical properties of overburden tuff rocks as a filler for lightweight structural concrete were studied. The possibilities of manufacturing wall blocks and facing slabs have been established.

scholarly journals Effects of Administration Route on Migration and Distribution of Neural Progenitor Cells Transplanted into Rats with Focal Cerebral Ischemia, an MRI Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Li ◽  
Quan Jiang ◽  
Guangliang Ding ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Zheng Gang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

We tested the hypotheses that administration routes affect the migration and distribution of grafted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the ischemic brain and that the ischemic lesion plays a role in mediating the grafting process. Male Wistar rats ( n=41) were subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), followed 1 day later by administration of magnetically labeled NPCs. Rats with MCAo were assigned to one of three treatment groups targeted for cell transplantation intra-arterially (IA), intracisternally (IC), or intravenously (IV). MRI measurements consisting of T2-weighted imaging and three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo imaging were performed 24 h after MCAo, 4 h after cell injection, and once a day for 4 days. Prussian blue staining was used to identify the labeled cells, 3D MRI to detect cell migration and distribution, and T2 map to assess lesion volumes. Intra-arterial (IA) administration showed significantly increased migration, a far more diffuse distribution pattern, and a larger number of transplanted NPCs in the target brain than IC or IV administration. However, high mortality with IA delivery (IA: 41%; IC: 17%; IV: 8%) poses a serious concern for using this route of administration. Animals with smaller lesions at the time of transplantation have fewer grafted cells in the parenchyma.

Therapeutic effect of lecithinized superoxide dismutase on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. L348-L360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichiro Tanaka ◽  
Tomoaki Ishihara ◽  
Arata Azuma ◽  
Shoji Kudoh ◽  
Masahito Ebina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Response Profile

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is thought to involve inflammatory infiltration of leukocytes, lung injury induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular superoxide anion, and fibrosis (collagen deposition). No treatment has been shown to improve definitively the prognosis for IPF patients. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently detoxified by catalase. Lecithinized SOD (PC-SOD) has overcome clinical limitations of SOD, including low tissue affinity and low stability in plasma. In this study, we examined the effect of PC-SOD on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Severity of the bleomycin-induced fibrosis in mice was assessed by various methods, including determination of hydroxyproline levels in lung tissue. Intravenous administration of PC-SOD suppressed the bleomycin-induced increase in the number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Bleomycin-induced collagen deposition and increased hydroxyproline levels in the lung were also suppressed in animals treated with PC-SOD, suggesting that PC-SOD suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The dose-response profile of PC-SOD was bell-shaped, but concurrent administration of catalase restored the ameliorative effect at high doses of PC-SOD. Intratracheal administration or inhalation of PC-SOD also attenuated the bleomycin-induced inflammatory response and fibrosis. The bell-shaped dose-response profile of PC-SOD was not observed for these routes of administration. We consider that, compared with intravenous administration, inhalation of PC-SOD may be a more therapeutically beneficial route of administration due to the higher safety and quality of life of the patient treated with this drug.

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