Development of High-Speed Steels for Cast Metal-Cutting Tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Chaus ◽  
J. Chovanec ◽  
M. Legerská
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Eutectic Carbides ◽  
Alloying System ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
The Impact

As-cast high-speed steels heat-treated have completely much lower impact toughness than that of the steels of a similar chemical composition but undergone hot working – rolling or forging. That is attributed to the influence of eutectic carbides, which especially being coarse, provide easily brittle intergrain fracture sites under low stress intensity factor levels. This is especially real for cast cutting tools. In order to exhibit good all-round performance the impact toughness enhancement of as-cast high-speed steels is obligatorily needed. In this connection it is expedient to turn from high-speed steels of conventional ledeburitic origin to high-speed steels of hypereutectoid and ferritic-carbidic ones with considerably lower carbide heterogeneity resulting in enhanced impact toughness. In the present work special features of the structure, phase composition and properties of such high-speed steels designed for cast tool are studied. In order to substitute tungsten by chromium in as-cast high-speed steel a special alloying system has also been developed.

Hardfacing of metal-cutting tools by arc welding in vacuum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (99) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
N.V. Ferdinandov ◽  
D.D. Gospodinov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Better Than

Purpose: To present a technology for hardfacing of metal-cutting tools by arc welding in vacuum. Design/methodology/approach: The experiments were carried out using an installation for arc welding in vacuum. Objects of research were metal cutting tools (lathe knives), made of high-speed steel HS6-5-2 on a base metal of structural steel C45. The structure, hardness and wear resistance after hardfacing and after a triple tempering at 560°C have been determined. The heat resistance of the obtained instruments has been examined. Findings: The microstructural analysis showed that the structure of the built-up layer consisted of martensite, retained austenite and carbides. This was confirmed by the values of measured hardness after welding which were about 63-64 HRC. The triple tempering led to an increase in hardness by 3-4 HRC. It was found that the built-up layers (cutting edges of tools) retain their hardness (HRC=63-65) up to a temperature of 615-620°C, which shows that the heat resistance of the build-up layers was similar to that of the hardened and tempered tools of the same steel. The built-up work-pieces (excluding heat treated) and the reference knife showed the same cutting qualities at cutting speeds in the range of 55 to 120 m/min. It has been found that triple tempering after hardfacing led to increased wear resistance and consequently the durability of the tool also increased due to the higher hardness. Practical implications: The practical application is related to the production of metalcutting tools. Originality/value: The proposed technological method allows to produce defects free built-up layers. The cutting properties of the built-up in vacuum layers are comparable to or better than those of new tools made of steel HS 6-5-2.

Hardening of Selective Laser Melted M2 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Haoxing You ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Richard D. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to make the near-net-shape metal parts. M2 is a high-speed steel widely used in cutting tools, which is due to its high hardness of this steel. Conventionally, the hardening heat treatment process, including quenching and tempering, is conducted to achieve the high hardness for M2 wrought parts. It was debated if the hardening is needed for additively manufactured M2 parts. In the present work, the M2 steel part is fabricated by SLM. It is found that the hardness of as-fabricated M2 SLM parts is much lower than the hardened M2 wrought parts. The characterization was conducted including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the microstructure evolution of as-fabricated, quenched, and tempered M2 SLM part. The M2 wrought part was heat-treated simultaneously with the SLM part for comparison. It was found the hardness of M2 SLM part after heat treatment is increased and comparable to the wrought part. Both quenched and tempered M2 SLM and wrought parts have the same microstructure, while the size of the carbides in the wrought part is larger than that in the SLM part.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spray Deposited W9Mo3Cr4V High Speed Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 714-718
Author(s):  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Jian Fei Sun ◽  
Ying Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Solidification Shrinkage ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Microstructure and mechanical properties of W9Mo3Cr4V high speed steel fabricated by spray deposition have been studied. Spray deposited W9Mo3Cr4V high speed steel has a typical equiaxed structure which is finer and more homogeneous with a grain size of 20-30 micrometer compared with conventional casted counterparts. There are pores in the matrix of the deposited steel, which involve gas porosity, filling porosity and solidification shrinkage. As-deposited high speed steel is mainly composed of martensite, austenite and carbides which comprise MC carbide and M6C carbide. Mechanical properties show that the hardness and bending strength of the as-deposited steel are higher than that of the conventionally casted ones. However, impact toughness of the high speed steel is lower than that of the conventionally casted steel, which can be attributed to the existence of porosities and M6C carbides which reduce the impact toughness of high speed steels.

CPM REX 71

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Metallurgy Process ◽  
Specialty Metals

Abstract CPM REX 71 is a super high-speed steel that can be heat-treated to hardnesses up to Rockwell C 70. It is now made exclusively by Crucible's particle metallurgy process. Its high hardness, fine grain size and uniform distribution of small carbides make it outstanding for special-purpose cutting tools. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-252. Producer or source: Crucible Specialty Metals Division, Colt Industries.

REX M42 and CPM REX M42

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Heat Treated Condition ◽  
Metallurgy Process

Abstract REX M42 is a high-speed steel that can be heat treated to 68 Rockwell C hardness. Its higher hardness makes it outstanding for special-cutting tools with requirements beyond the capability of general-purpose high-speed steels. CPM REX M42, produced by the Crucible Particle Metallurgy Process, is an improved quality product with homogeneous macro and micro sections exhibiting a finer grain size, better toughness and superior grindability in the heat-treated condition than conventionally produced M42. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-438. Producer or source: Crucible Specialty Metals Division, Colt Industries.

Microstructure and Properties of WCP Reinforced Ferrous Gradient Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2605-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Pei Song ◽  
Xie Min Mao ◽  
Qi Ming Dong ◽  
Liu Ding Tang ◽  
Zhi Ying Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
The Impact

Two kinds of thick-walled rings, consisted of WCP/Fe-C gradient composites layers containing about 54 and 70 vol.% of WCP and Fe-C alloy core, were cast by centrifugal casting method. The microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the gradient composites were investigated. Meanwhile the results were compared with those made of the high speed steel. It was found that WCP in the two kind of gradient composites layers were even well distributed, WCP/Fe-C composites layer of 23-28mm was obtained, the transition layer between the composites layer and matrix alloy core was perfect. The tensile strengths of the two gradient composites layers achieved 345MPa, 460MPa and the impact toughness were 4.6J/cm2, 6.2J/cm2 respectively. Moreover the hardness of the composites layers attained HRA81 and HRA 78. The result of the comparison among the gradient composites layers and that made of the high speed steel showed that the wear resistance of the gradient composites layers containing about 50 and 70 vol.% of WCP was more than 20 times higher than that of the high speed steel under loads of 100N and 200N and sliding velocity of 60 m/s. Finally, the wear-mechanism was discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the AISI M4 Layer Deposited by Directed Energy Deposition

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeong Yun Baek ◽  
Gwang Yong Shin ◽  
Ki Yong Lee ◽  
Do Sik Shim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Currently, high-speed steel (HSS) powders are deposited locally on a metal surface through direct energy deposition (DED) onto hardface tool steel. Although the HSS powder enhances the hardness and the abrasion resistance of a metal surface, it makes the tool steel brittle because of its high carbon content. In addition, the steel is likely to break when subjected to a high load over time. This study focused on improving the steel toughness by applying a post-heat treatment. To fabricate a uniformly deposited layer through DED, M4 powder was deposited onto a pre-heated substrate (AISI D2). In addition, four post-heat-treated specimens were prepared, and their mechanical properties were compared. The Charpy impact and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate the durability required for the D2 die. The deposited M4 powder possessed a high hardness but a relatively low impact toughness. During laser melting, a stable bond formed between M4 and D2 without any cracks or delamination. The hardness of the initial M4 deposited layer was 63 HRC, which changed to 54–63 HRC depending on the effect of the post-heat treatment. Moreover, the post-heat-treatment process improves the impact toughness of the M4 deposited layer by changing its microstructure.

A Promising Method for Improving Wear Resistance of Metal Cutting Tools

2015 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Ovcharenko ◽  
Andrey Yu. Kozlyuk ◽  
Mikhail O. Kurepin
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Steel R6m5 ◽  
Machine Parts

Abstract. A promising method for improving wear resistance of metal cutting tools including pre-heating and a subsequent impact of the pulsed magnetic field of high intensity on the cutting tool is proposed. The experimental setup and methods of research are described. Experimental studies of surfaces of carbide reversible cutting plates of the VK8, T15K6 alloy and drills of high speed steel R6M5 to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method were performed. An increase in wear resistance of cutting tools made of the T15K6 hard-alloy plates by 30% and made of the VK8 alloy plates by 13% was revealed while wear resistance of drills made of steel R6M5 increased on average by 58% The proposed method can be of practical interest for hardening the surface of other types of tools and machine parts for further experimental verification.

Bearing Rings Turning and the Impact of this Process for Resulting Durability of Selected Cutting Materials Durability

2015 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 278-285
Author(s):  
Anton Panda ◽  
Ján Duplák ◽  
Miroslav Kormoš ◽  
Slavko Jurko
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Price Cutting ◽  
Cutting Ceramic ◽  
Bearing Rings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tool Durability

Essential factors of each new discovery or piece of knowledge in science are predetermined, prepared and realized experiment. Every successfully realized experiment with obtained outputs and measurements indicates the gauge of asset that has been achieved by its execution. After analyzing of outputs final dependencies can be described that generalize whole experiment and allow entire process to be analytically identified. The production of bearings is very difficult process. Especially production of bearing rings is very complicated. Optimization of this process means significant savings for the company. Bearing rings are produced by turning. One of the most important parts of the turning process is cutting tool. On the base of cutting tools are determined many factors for example: quality, price, cutting speed, etc. All these factors of cutting tools are the only consequence of these cutting tools durability. Cutting tool durability determines its cutting properties and machinable ability. Specification of tool wear by means of calculation is very difficult. Durability of cutting tools is defined in standard ISO 3685. In standard ISO 3685 is definedT-vcdependence for different cutting materials and standard included process evaluation of tool durability for cutting materials made of high speed steel, sintered carbide and cutting ceramic. The article describes evaluation ofT-vcdependence on the selected type of cutting materials and theirs comparison with measured values T-vc dependence that are defined in standard ISO 3685.

Influence of Heat Treatment of High-Speed Steel on its Microstructure, Hardness and Fracture Toughness

2013 ◽  
Vol 592-593 ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Franjo Cajner ◽  
Vojteh Leskovšek ◽  
Dragan Pustaić
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Eutectic Carbides ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Steel Aisi

The correlation between fracture toughness, hardness and microstructure of vacuum heat-treated high-speed steel AISI M2 was investigated. Our intention was to investigate the influence of microstructural parameters such as the volume fraction of undissolved eutectic carbides, their mean diameter, the mean distance between the carbides, as well as the volume fraction of retained austenite in the matrix, on the above mentioned mechanical and fracture properties. The experimental investigations were performed on the high-speed steel. This steel had the following chemical composition (mass content in %): 0.89% C, 0.20% Si, 0.26% Mn, 0.027% P, 0.001% S, 3.91% Cr, 4.74% Mo, 1.74% V and 6.10% W.

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