Anodic ZrO2 Nanotube Arrays Formation by Anodisation in Ethylene Glycol with Varying Amount of Water

Anodisation of zirconium, Zr at 40 V for 60 min in 0.1 wt.% NH4F/ethylene glycol (EG) added to it 1 ml, 2 ml or 3 ml of water resulted in the formation of self-aligned ZrO2 nanotube (ZNT) arrays. Water content did not affect the length and diameter of the ZNTs but was influencing surface etching whereby better surface etching was observed for sample anodised in 3 ml-water/NH4F/EG. From transmission electron microcopy (TEM) image, the ZNTs were found to have an outer diameter of ~ 40 nm and wall thickness of 10 nm. Annealing at 400 °C was resulted in monoclinic (M-ZrO2) and tetragonal (T-ZrO2) formation, but at 600 °C M-ZrO2 dominates. Cr(VI) reduction is higher for ZNTs annealed at 400 °C compared to 600 °C sample.

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Effect of Fluoride Concentration and Water Content on Morphology of Titania Nanotubes in Ethylene Glycol Solution

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.907 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 829 ◽

pp. 907-911 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Meysam Naghizadeh ◽

Saber Ghannadi ◽

Hossein Abdizadeh ◽

Mohammad Reza Golobostanfard

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Water Content ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Ammonium Fluoride ◽

Electrochemical Anodization ◽

Nanotube Arrays ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

High Concentration ◽

Inner Diameter

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays were prepared at room temperature by electrochemical anodization of a pure titanium foil in electrolyte solutions containing ethylene glycol as a solvent and de-ionized water and ammonium fluoride as additives. Since the morphology and size of TiO2 nanotubes play critical roles in determining their performance, the control of geometrical parameters of the nanotube arrays including length and inner diameter are of great importance. The present research demonstrates the significant effects of fluoride concentration and water content in anodizing electrolyte on formation of nanotubes and their dimensions. Scanning electron microscope investigation shows that nanotube arrays are no longer formed in very low or very high concentration of ammonium fluoride. Also, increase in fluoride concentration causes increase in lengths and inner diameters of the nanotubes. Moreover, it is evident that the maximum nanotube growth rate was achieved in medium amount of water. In addition, it is found that the nanotube inner diameter increases by adding more water to the solution.

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Towards Manufacturing of Ultrafine-Laminated Structures in Metallic Tubes by Accumulative Extrusion Bonding

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11030389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Matthew R. Standley ◽

Marko Knezevic

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Complex Geometry ◽

Tube Wall ◽

Film Theory ◽

Radial Strain ◽

Surface Preparation ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Laminated Structures

A severe plastic deformation process, termed accumulative extrusion bonding (AEB), is conceived to steady-state bond metals in the form of multilayered tubes. It is shown that AEB can facilitate bonding of metals in their solid-state, like the process of accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The AEB steps involve iterative extrusion, cutting, expanding, restacking, and annealing. As the process is iterated, the laminated structure layer thicknesses decrease within the tube wall, while the tube wall thickness and outer diameter remain constant. Multilayered bimetallic tubes with approximately 2 mm wall thickness and 25.25 mm outer diameter of copper-aluminum are produced at 52% radial strain per extrusion pass to contain eight layers. Furthermore, tubes of copper-copper are produced at 52% and 68% strain to contain two layers. The amount of bonding at the metal-to-metal interfaces and grain structure are measured using optical microscopy. After detailed examination, only the copper-copper bimetal deformed to 68% strain is found bonded. The yield strength of the copper-copper tube extruded at 68% improves from 83 MPa to 481 MPa; a 480% increase. Surface preparation, as described by the thin film theory, and the amount of deformation imposed per extrusion pass are identified and discussed as key contributors to enact successful metal-to-metal bonding at the interface. Unlike in ARB, bonding in AEB does not occur at ~50% strain revealing the significant role of more complex geometry of tubes relative to sheets in solid-state bonding.

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Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide- and ethylene glycol-assisted preparation of mono-dispersed indium oxide nanoparticles using hydrothermal method

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-014-0543-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Selvakumar Dhanasingh ◽

Dharmaraj Nallasamy ◽

Saravanan Padmanapan ◽

Vinod Padaki

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Hydrothermal Method ◽

Indium Oxide ◽

Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Diffraction Patterns

AbstractThe influence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ethylene glycol on the size and dispersion of indium oxide nanoparticles prepared under hydrothermal conditions was investigated. The precursor compound, indium hydroxide, obtained by the hydrothermal method in the absence as well as the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, was converted to indium oxide by sintering at 400°C. The formation of nanoscale indium oxide upon sintering was ascertained by the characteristic infrared adsorption bands and X-ray diffraction patterns of indium oxide. Transmission electron microscopy and band gap values confirmed that the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide facilitated the formation of indium oxide nanoparticles smaller in size and narrower in distribution than those prepared without the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

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Synthesis of Monodispersed Fe3O4 Magnetite Nanoparticles by Ethylene Glycol Solvothermal Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2276 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 634-638 ◽

pp. 2276-2279 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gang Xu ◽

Min Zhang ◽

Ping Ou ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

Gao Rong Han

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽

Solvothermal Method ◽

Physical Property Measurement System ◽

Physical Property ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ferromagnetic Property ◽

Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Property Measurement

Monodispersed Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple solvothermal method, in which Fe(NO3)3•9H2O was used as the starting materials, KOH as the mineralizer, and ethylene glycol (en) as the solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were employed to characterize the phase composition, transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the morphology and the particle size, and physical property measurement system (PPMS) to investigate the magnetic property of the synthesized powders, respectively. The synthesized Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles are of 50-100nm in size, and of notable ferromagnetic property. The saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, and coercive field are 68.8emu•g-1, 12.9emu•g-1, 138.5Oe, respectively. Based on the experimental resuts, the formation mechanism and the well monodispersed reason of the solvothersized Fe3O4 nanoparticles are discussed.

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Full Well Corrosion Insight – Case Studies in the Added Value of Electromagnetic Thickness Measurements During Well Interventions

10.2118/204431-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Imrie ◽

Maciej Kozlowski ◽

Omar Torky ◽

Aditya Arie Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Added Value ◽

Metal Loss ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Metal Thickness ◽

True Condition ◽

Pass Through ◽

External Corrosion ◽

The Individual

AbstractMonitoring pipe corrosion is one of the critical aspects in the well intervention. Such analysis is used to evaluate and justify any remedial actions, to prolong the longevity of the well. Typical corrosion evaluation methods of tubulars consist of multifinger caliper tools that provide high-resolution measurements of the internal condition of the pipe. Routinely, this data is then analyzed and interpreted with respect to the manufacture's nominal specification for each tubular. However, this requires assumptions on the outer diameter of the tubular may add uncertainty, and incorrectly calculate the true metal thicknesses. This paper will highlight cases where the integration of such tool and electromagnetic (EM) thickness data adds value in discovering the true condition of both the first tubular and outer casings.These case studies demonstrate the use of a multireceiver, multitransmitter electromagnetic (EM) metal thickness tool operating at multiple simultaneous frequencies. It is used to measure the individual wall thickness across multiple strings (up to five) and operates continuously, making measurements in the frequency domain. This tool was combined with a multifinger caliper to provide a complete and efficient single-trip diagnosis of the tubing and casing integrity. The combination of multifinger caliper and EM metal thickness tool results gives both internal and external corrosion as well as metal thickness of first and outer tubular strings.The paper highlights multiple case studies including; i) successfully detecting several areas of metal loss (up to greater than 32%) on the outer string, which correlated to areas of the mobile salt formation, ii) overlapping defects in two tubulars and, iii) cases where a multifinger caliper alone doesn't provide an accurate indication of the true wall thickness. The final case highlights the advantages of integrating multiple tubular integrity tools when determining the condition of the casing wall.Metal thickness tools operating on EM principles benefit from a slim outer diameter design that allows the tools to pass through restrictions which typically would prevent ultrasonic scanning thickness tools. Additionally, EM tools are unaffected by the type of fluid in the wellbore and not affected by any non-ferrous scale buildup that may present in the inside of the tubular wall. Combinability between complementary multifinger caliper technology and EM thickness results in two independent sensors to provide a complete assessment of the well architecture.

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C-axis preferentially oriented and fully activated TiO2 nanotube arrays for lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c4ta01613k ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (29) ◽

pp. 11454-11464 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Dengyu Pan ◽

He Huang ◽

Xueyuan Wang ◽

Liang Wang ◽

Haobo Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Oxygen Vacancies ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽

Nanotube Arrays ◽

High Concentration ◽

Oxygen Conditions ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays

We report the fabrication of long titanium dioxide nanotube arrays with highly c-axis preferentially oriented crystallization and a high concentration of oxygen vacancies by second anodization in ethylene glycol and annealing under poor-oxygen conditions.

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Vertically Aligned Binder-Free TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Doped with Fe, S and Fe-S for Li-ion Batteries

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11112924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2924

Author(s):

Suriyakumar Dasarathan ◽

Mukarram Ali ◽

Tai-Jong Jung ◽

Junghwan Sung ◽

Yoon-Cheol Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽

Tio2 Nanotube ◽

Electrochemical Anodization ◽

Nanotube Arrays ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Impregnation Method ◽

Binder Free ◽

Vertically Aligned ◽

Discharge Capacities

Vertically aligned Fe, S, and Fe-S doped anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays are prepared by an electrochemical anodization process using an organic electrolyte in which lactic acid is added as an additive. In the electrolyte, highly ordered TiO2 nanotube layers with greater thickness of 12 μm, inner diameter of approx. 90 nm and outer diameter of approx. 170 nm are successfully obtained. Doping of Fe, S, and Fe-S via simple wet impregnation method substituted Ti and O sites with Fe and S, which leads to enhance the rate performance at high discharge C-rates. Discharge capacities of TiO2 tubes increased from 0.13 mAh cm−2(bare) to 0.28 mAh cm−2 for Fe-S doped TiO2 at 0.5 C after 100 cycles with exceptional capacity retention of 85 % after 100 cycles. Owing to the enhancement of thermodynamic and kinetic properties by doping of Fe-S, Li-diffusion increased resulting in remarkable discharge capacities of 0.27 mAh cm−2 and 0.16 mAh cm−2 at 10 C, and 30 C, respectively.

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Manufacture of Water Pipe From Clampshell Powder Materials

JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY ◽

10.31289/jmemme.v2i2.2105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Abdul Rahmansyah ◽

Zulfikar Zulfikar ◽

Bobby Umroh

Keyword(s):

Wall Thickness ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Polymer Composite Material ◽

Raw Material ◽

Household Waste ◽

Thickness Variation ◽

Powder Materials ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Water Pipe ◽

Water Pipes

<h1>In general, household waste water pipelines use plastic pipes of PVC type that are not environmentally friendly and are relatively expensive. Therefore, this research will design molds and manufacture of composite pipes using raw materials of clampshell powder. The raw material used is clampshell powder with the composition of MgO and CaO compounds which is about 22.28% and 66.70%. The mixture of materials used consisted of clampshell powder with a size of 40 mesh, catalyst, and unsaturated polyester resin as a matrix. The objective of this study is manufacture of water pipes made from polymer composites reinforced by clampshell powder. Composite pipe manufacturing is carried out using the casting method. Pipe molds are made of stainless steel with a diameter of 40.46 mm (1.6 in) and an outer diameter of 50.8 mm (2 in). This mold size follows SNI 06-0084-2002 standards. The results of the study, water pipes from polymer composite material reinforced by clampshell powder with an inner diameter size of 40.64 mm and varying outside diameter. This variation depends on the composition of the clampshell powder in composite materials. The greater the clampshell powder composition, the more easily the maximum pipe wall thickness can be obtained. The average wall thickness variation is 3.35 mm. This variation is still included in the polymer water pipe requirements, which is a minimum of 2 mm.</h1>

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Synthesis of Fluorescent Magnetic and Plasmonic-Hybrid Multifunctional Nanopaticles

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.161 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1081 ◽

pp. 161-164

Author(s):

Xue Mei Li ◽

Zheng Guan ◽

Hong Ling Liu ◽

Jun Hua Wu ◽

Xian Hong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽

Visible Absorption ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Good Magnetic Property ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Poly Propylene

FeAu/ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by nanoemulsion process with the use of poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (propylene glycol)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) as the surfactant. The characterization of the FeAu/ZnO nanoparticles was performed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, showing that the polymer-laced nanoparticles reveal high crystallinity, excellent dispersibility and well defined optical performance. The process of solvent dispersion-collection of FeAu/ZnO nanoparticles indicates that the nanoparticles possess good magnetic property for applications.

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