Monitoring of the Effect of Grinding Raw Material Mixture and Soaking on the Formation of Monoclinic Phases of Alite

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Simona Ravaszová ◽  
Karel Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Wet Grinding ◽  
Grinding Time

The article monitors the effect of length of grinding in the process of homogenization of raw material mixture and soaking on the number of monoclinic phases of alite M1 and M3 in the sample using the Rietveld method. The wet grinding process in the water environment in the planetary mill PULVERISETTE 6 was chosen for the preparation of raw material mixture. Based on previous research in this area, two firing temperatures 1450 and 1550 °C with soaking of 30, 60 and 90 minutes were selected. The results showed the monoclinic phase M1 is more readily formed during coarser grinding, during which large crystals of M1 are formed. On the contrary, the monoclinic phase M3 is formed at a higher firing temperature, at a larger amount nuclei and finer grinding. The results show that the grinding time has an important effect on the rate of formation of monoclinic phases.

Effects of Wet Grinding Process on the Properties of the Ground Diatomite Particles

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Xu Ming Wang ◽  
Yan Xi Deng ◽  
Yan Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wet Grinding ◽  
Grinding Time

Wet grinding of diatomite was carried out in a stirred mill. The changes in particle size, specific surface area and structure or the particle shape in the wet grinding process were investigated. The adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by the ground diatomite was also studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and IR spectra were employed to characterize the ground diatomite. The median particle size decreased and the specific surface area increased with the grinding time, an agglomeration phenomenon was not observed during the experimental grinding time. The X-ray diffraction patterns versus grinding time showed that a peak intensity reduction of opal. The results of adsorption of methylene blue onto diatomite indicated the adsorption capacity increases with the increase of grinding time until eventually reaches a constant value.

METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL WASTE FOR FURTHER PROCESSING IN A SUPERCRITICAL WATER ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (143) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Il’ya V. Romanov ◽  
◽  
Viktor S. Grigor’yev
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Wet Grinding

The problem of waste disposal is always acute in all areas of production activity, especially for the agro-industrial complex. Supercritical water oxidation is the most environmentally friendly method for processing organic waste and persistent organic pollutants. In the process of recycling and disposal, along with the harmfulness, one of the main indicators is the initial state of the waste and its suitability for different disposal technologies. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in choosing and justifying the most energy-efficient method of grinding, taking into account the fact that the organ-containing waste under study (buckwheat husk, sunflower, rice) is soft, elastic and fibrous materials. (Materials and methods) The crushing of organic waste to prepare it for further processing was carried out by different methods in roller, ball, knife and colloid mills. A set of sieves with square cells according to GOST 2715-75, a drying cabinet SHS-80-01 SPU, analytical scales Acculab ALC-210d4 (weighing error of no more than 0.5 percent of the sample weight) were used to evaluate the fractional composition of the obtained material. (Results and discussion) At a concentration of 100 grams of husk per 1 liter of water after 30 minutes of wet grinding, the passage of particles through the sieve is 87.1 percent. The article presents the advantage of wet grinding in a knife mill, reveals mathematical dependencies that allow predicting the grinding process to obtain the product of the required dispersion. (Conclusions) The grinding of organ-containing waste in a knife mill by wet grinding is the most optimal technology for preparing this waste for further processing in a supercritical water environment. The obtained mathematical dependencies allow us to predict the grinding process.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF NON-ROASTING PELLETS FROM THE WASTE OF SHABROVSKY TALCUM COMBINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
V. S. Gulyakov ◽  
A. S. Vusikhis ◽  
S. A. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering Method ◽  
Blast Furnace Production ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Optimum Proportion ◽  
Technogenic Wastes

Technogenic wastes are by-products of any production. At the same time, they can be a raw material for obtaining useful products. In particular, the waste from the Shabrovsky talcum combine, can be used to produce magnesian fluxes. They are dispersed, so must be agglomerated. Therefore, a method has been proposed for the preparation of non-roasting pellets. As a binder, a mixture of water and peat, treated in a hydropercussion cavitation device, was used. The resulting material is a colloidal system with particle size of less than 10–4 m. To measure the particle size, dynamic light scattering method was used. For comparison, a similar mixture of water and peat treated in a planetary mill was studied. An analysis of the data obtained has shown that particles of micron size occupy up to 90 % of volume in the sample after treatment of the mixture in hydropercussion cavitation device. In a sample that was ground in a planetary mill, most of the particles are characterized by tens or even hundreds of microns. Determination of crushing strength of non-roasting pellets is performed by compressing in a tensile machine of model P-0.5. For this purpose, the granules were used both immediately after granulation and after drying at 105 °C to a moisture content of less than 1.5 %. With an optimum proportion of binders of 15 – 20 %, the strength of raw pellets was 15 N, and the strength of dry pellets was 90 N. With a binder percentage of less than 15 %, both raw and dried pellets had low strength. With a binder content of more than 20 %, the mixture had excessive plasticity and tackiness, which led to the formation of conglomerates of several granules. Despite the fact that the strength parameters of the non-roasting pellet are lower than those of pellets used in blast-furnace production, they are sufficient for use in steelmaking processes.

scholarly journals Classification of the Constituents of Citrus Juice Residue by a Wet-Grinding Process

10.5109/23892 ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Shu Furuta ◽  
Isao Hayakawa ◽  
Yusaku Fujio
Keyword(s):  
Grinding Process ◽  
Citrus Juice ◽  
Wet Grinding

Mechanochemical Polymorphic Transformation of Photocatalyst Material TiO2 and its Dependence on the Milling Operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Guo Min Mi ◽  
Fumio Saito
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Polymorphic Transformation ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Wet Grinding ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Milling Operation ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Tumbling Mill

Some dry and wet grinding experiments have been respectively conducted on titanium dioxide which is a noble photocatalyst material in a mortar, a tumbling mill and a planetary mill. Anatase is apt to transform to rutile via a metastable phase brookite in every kind of mills in the case of dry grinding. And it hardly takes place for phase transformation from rutile to other forms. It is shown that the kind of mill has not decisive effect on the mechanochemical polymorphic transformation of titanium dioxide, which merely influences the rate of phase transformation. On the other hand, the addition of other liquid media, such as water and acetone, is helpless for phase transformation of anatase. Only anatase can transform to metastable phase brookite by wet grinding. When ground titanium dioxide is heated, the amorphous phase is easier to transform to rutile than metastable phase brookite at lower temperature.

Changes in Crystallite Size of Tricalcium Silicate during the Laboratory Grinding

2021 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Simona Ravaszová ◽  
Karel Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grinding Time

The paper is focused on one of the most important component of Portland clinker-on the tricalcium silicate. The study reported in this article is focuses on the changes in crystallite size of synthetic tricalcium silicate obtained using solid state reaction method. Crystallite size changes are monitored during the grinding in three types of laboratory mills in two different conditions. Changing in crystallite size at various grinding time up to 120 minutes are studied with the aid of X-ray diffraction and using the Scherrer equation. It has been found that the most efficient laboratory mill in terms of speed and fineness of the material was the planetary mill.

The temperature of the holes of the bearing rings when grinding with a precast textured wheel

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Bearing Rings ◽  
Grinding Time

The problem of reducing the thermal stress of the grinding process of bearing rings has been viewed. The possibility of reducing the temperature of the treated surface based on the use of precast textured grinding wheels has been presented. Experimental models of pulse, contact, average temperature, velocities and rates of their change in the function of grinding time are found.

Obtaining Calcium Sulfoaluminate Using Aluminate Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
Ivan Y. Burlov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Zorin ◽  
Yury R. Krivoborodov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Weak Dependence ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽  
Gypsum Content ◽  
Calcium Sulphoaluminate

In this work, studies have been carried out to replace bauxite with aluminate slags. Compounds of raw mixtures without use of fossil aluminate materials with different gypsum content have been developed. Instability of assimilation of anhydrite into calcium sulphoaluminate has been established. X-ray phase analysis has shown a weak dependence of increase in the firing temperature and increase in the yield of the main mineral C3A3·CŜ. Results of the study allow us to conclude that it is possible to obtain high-quality calcium sulphoaluminate (SAC) based on technogenic aluminate raw material.

scholarly journals The research on the sifting from processing of East Donbass refuse heap for manufacturing wall ceramics goods

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khungianos Yavruyan ◽  
Evgeny Gaishun ◽  
Yuliya Teryokhina ◽  
Vladimir Kotlyar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Compression Pressure ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Way

The results of the research into sifting of eastern Donbass gob pile processing as raw material for manufacturing wall ceramics, that is popular industrial raw material of the region, are highlighted in the report. It is stated that the main sifting components are siltstones, clay slates, claystone, and sandstones. The main minerals of the sifting are feldspar, crystalline silica, mica, and hydromica. The haracteristic of sifting handling ability for which the most suitable is the way of goods compression molding at elevated pressure and reduced humidity is given. It is stated that the main technology factors are grain composition of raw material mass, its humidity, compression pressure and firing temperature. Variation of technology factors' data makes it possible to get different kinds of products (course, lining, arch brick) with a wide range of features. Methods of evaluation of quality merit rating and the way this rating affects properties of final product are offered. There is high economical perspective of sifting implementation for production of wall ceramics.

X-ray diffraction Warren–Averbach mullite analysis in whiteware porcelains: influence of kaolin raw material

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Sanz ◽  
Joaquín Bastida ◽  
Angel Caballero ◽  
Marek Kojdecki
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

ABSTRACTCompositional and microstructural analysis of mullites in porcelain whitewares obtained by the firing of two blends of identical triaxial composition using a kaolin B consisting of ‘higher-crystallinity’ kaolinite or a finer halloysitic kaolin M of lower crystal order was performed. No significant changes in the average Al2O3 contents (near the stoichiometric composition 3:2) of the mullites were observed. Fast and slow firing at the same temperature using B or M kaolin yielded different mullite contents. The Warren–Averbach method showed increase of the D110 mullite crystallite size and crystallite size distributions with small shifts to greater values with increasing firing temperature for the same type of firing (slow or fast) using the same kaolin, as well as significant differences between fast and slow firing of the same blend at different temperatures for each kaolin. The higher maximum frequency distribution of crystallite size observed at the same firing temperature using blends with M kaolin suggests a clearer crystallite growth of mullite in this blend. The agreement between thickening perpendicular to prism faces and mean crystallite sizes <D110> of mullite were not always observed because the direction perpendicular to 110 planes is not preferred for growth.

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