EVALUATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST ARCHIPS ROSANUS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. AliNiazee
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Insect Susceptibility ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThree formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, preparation Thuricide® were evaluated against a commonly occurring leafroller, Archips rosanus (L.), on filberts. In the laboratory at 26.7 ± 1 °C, all larvae died within 7 days after feeding for 48 h on filbert leaves treated with dust and wettable formulations. With aqueous concentrate, the mortality was slightly less. Insect susceptibility was markedly reduced when the length of feeding exposure period was decreased. In the field, the infestation of A. rosanus was significantly reduced within a week after treatment in almost all the treated plots. Larval mortality continued for about 4 weeks. Under western Oregon conditions, dust treatments were slightly better than wettable or aqueous concentrate formulations.

FIELD TESTS OF A HIGHLY CONCENTRATED FORMULATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA; LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Past ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Better Than

AbstractDuring the summer of 1982, aerial experimental sprayings were carried out with a new formula of Bacillus thuringiensis named Futura®. This formula provided a treatment of the 20 × 109 IU of B. thuringiensis/ha required for suppression of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), in a final volume of 2.5 L/ha. Results of spraying with Grumman AgCat and DC-4G aircraft are presented. These results were compared with those obtained with formulas of B. thuringiensis used in the past at 4.7 L/ha. Futura® caused 91.1 and 88.7% larval mortality and resulted in 86.6 and 75.1% foliage protection with the Grumman AgCat and DC-4G aircraft, respectively. Such results were equal to or better than those obtained with the formulas used earlier at 4.7 L/ha and confirm the feasibility of using B. thuringiensis operationally in an efficient and economical way.

Quantitative analysis of static equilibrium in women after mastectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Maciej Rachwał ◽  
Justyna Drzał-Grabiec ◽  
Katarzyna Walicka-Cupryś ◽  
Aleksandra Truszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Center Of Foot Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Posture Stability ◽  
Mastectomy Group ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: The post-mastectomy changes to the locomotor system are related to the scar and adhesion or to the lymphatic edema after amputation which, in turn, lead to local and global distraction of the work of the muscles. These changes lead to body statics disturbance that changes the projection of the center of gravity and worsens motor response due to changing of the muscle sensitivity. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the static balance of women after undergoing mastectomy. Methods: The study included 150 women, including 75 who underwent mastectomy (mean age: 60±7.6) years, mean body mass index (BMI): 26 (±3.6) kg/m2) and 75 who were placed in the control group with matched age and BMI. The study was conducted using a tensometric platform. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for almost all parameters between the post-mastectomy group and group of healthy women, regarding center of foot pressure (COP) path length in the Y and X axes and the mean amplitude of COP. Conclusions: First, the findings revealed that balance in post-mastectomy women is significantly better than in the control group. Second, physiotherapeutic treatment of post-mastectomy women may have improved their posture stability compared with their peers.

scholarly journals Multiple-Locus Sequence Typing Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Reveals Separate Clustering and a Distinct Population Structure of Psychrotrophic Strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1569-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Sorokin ◽  
Benjamin Candelon ◽  
Kévin Guilloux ◽  
Nathalie Galleron ◽  
Natalia Wackerow-Kouzova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Individual Gene ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Bacillus Weihenstephanensis ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to characterize phylogenetic relationships for a collection of Bacillus cereus group strains isolated from forest soil in the Paris area during a mild winter. This collection contains multiple strains isolated from the same soil sample and strains isolated from samples from different sites. We characterized 115 strains of this collection and 19 other strains based on the sequences of the clpC, dinB, gdpD, panC, purF, and yhfL loci. The number of alleles ranged from 36 to 53, and a total of 93 allelic profiles or sequence types were distinguished. We identified three major strain clusters—C, T, and W—based on the comparison of individual gene sequences or concatenated sequences. Some less representative clusters and subclusters were also distinguished. Analysis of the MLST data using the concept of clonal complexes led to the identification of two, five, and three such groups in clusters C, T, and W, respectively. Some of the forest isolates were closely related to independently isolated psychrotrophic strains. Systematic testing of the strains of this collection showed that almost all the strains that were able to grow at a low temperature (6°C) belonged to cluster W. Most of these strains, including three independently isolated strains, belong to two clonal complexes and are therefore very closely related genetically. These clonal complexes represent strains corresponding to the previously identified species Bacillus weihenstephanensis. Most of the other strains of our collection, including some from the W cluster, are not psychrotrophic. B. weihenstephanensis (cluster W) strains appear to comprise an effectively sexual population, whereas Bacillus thuringiensis (cluster T) and B. cereus (cluster C) have clonal population structures.

LONG TERM STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AERIAL APPLICATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS – ACEPHATE COMBINATIONS AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Long Term Study

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Dipel® 36B) mixed with a sublethal concentration of acephate (Orthene®) (O, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate), an organophosphorous insecticide, was applied at 2.35–14 l./ha to white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) trees infested with spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). The treatment rate was 20 Billion International Units of B. thuringiensis (B.t.) activity with or without 42 g of active ingredient of acephate/ha.The ground deposit of the standard Dipel wettable powder formulation was 12% of emitted volume compared with 21–32% for the Dipel 36B flowable. The viability of B.t. spores was drastically reduced after 1 day of weathering but a high level of biological activity by the spore–crystal complex persisted for up to 20 days post-spray due probably to crystal activity.The addition of about 10% of the recommended operational rate of acephate to the B.t. suspension increased larval mortality by 34% when applied at 4.7 l./ha. Reductions in budworm populations were 97–99% in B.t. + acephate plots and 86–90% in B.t. alone plots.Plots with moderate budworm densities of up to 27 larvae/100 buds on white spruce and 36/100 on balsam fir were satisfactorily protected from excessive defoliation in the year of spray by B.t. with or without acephate. Plots with higher population densities were not satisfactorily protected based on the branch sample examination but aerial color photographs indicated good protection to the top third of the trees. Population declines were greater and defoliation and oviposition were lower in the treated plots than in the untreated checks 1 year later without further treatment. Two years later the larval population densities in all plots were low but the density was twice as high in the untreated check as in the treated plots, indicating long term suppression by the treatments. Defoliation was negligible in all plots.The treatments had no deleterious effect on spruce budworm parasitism. The data indicate that the integrated approach using Bacillus thuringiensis – chemical pesticide combinations is a viable alternative to the use of chemical pesticides alone in spruce budworm control. Large scale testing is now warranted.

Knowledge and Attitude towards Basic Life Support (BLS) among Dental students of Dental colleges in South India

2021 ◽  
pp. 2957-2961
Author(s):  
Vignesh Kamath ◽  
Swapna B V ◽  
Smitha Sammith Shetty ◽  
Priya Mukherjee ◽  
Anoop Mayya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Dental Curriculum ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Dental Schools ◽  
Better Than

Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of students of dental schools in Southern India towards Basic Life Support (BLS), as well as to study the retention of BLS knowledge over time. Subjects and methods: A prevalidated questionnaire was employed, which contains 12 knowledge Questions and five questions designed to assess the students perspective towards BLS. It was hosted on Google Forms, and the URL was distributed to the Students. Results: A total of 267 responses were received, of which 66 were males and 201 were female students. Out of a maximum possible score of 12, the mean knowledge score of the group was 4.54. It was found that those who attended a BLS workshop within the last 2 years scored significantly better than those who either took it more than 2 years ago or had never undergone BLS training. Almost all participants (96%) agreed that there is a need for BLS to be learned by all dental students and hence BLS training should be part of the dental curriculum. 76.8% of respondents expressed reluctance to perform CPR on strangers. Conclusion: The findings show that the dental students who participated in the study had inadequate knowledge in BLS, but had a positive attitude towards the adoption of BLS into the dental curriculum.

scholarly journals E-learning for marine biotechnology: an example with a metagenomic approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovica Liguori ◽  
Valentina Citro ◽  
Bruno Hay-Mele ◽  
Giuseppina Andreotti ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cubellis
Keyword(s):  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Marine Biotechnology ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Clustal Omega ◽  
Metagenomic Approach ◽  
Better Than

Bioinformatics has pervaded all fields of biology and has become an indispensable tool for almost all research projects. Hence the demand for graduates well-trained in bioinformatics has grown. Teaching bioinformatics has been incorporated in all traditional life science curricula. Better than teaching stand-alone bioinformatics, it would be useful to stress multidisciplinary and problem-solving aspects. Since bioinformatics relies heavily on the use of computers, e-learning is particularly convenient, but few examples have been produced so far. We present a tutorial that starts from a practical problem: finding novel enzymes from marine environments. First, we introduce the idea of metagenomics, a recent approach that extends biotechnology with non-culturable microbes. We then lead the students through databases such as BRENDA, and programs such as BLAST and Clustal Omega. Lastly, we let the students querying these databases about molecules found in marine environments. At the end of the experience, students will have acquired practical knowledge of bioinformatics fundamentals.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER IN LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEM. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees van Frankenhuyzen
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Peak Abundance

AbstractThe relationship between temperature and pathogenesis of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki in infected larvae of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was investigated to determine if more rapid death of larvae with an increase in temperature could be accounted for by enhanced bacterial growth. Cumulative mortality of larvae force-fed with a lethal dose of HD-1-S-1980 peaked within 2 days at 25 °C, 3 days at 19 °C, 7 days at 16 °C, and 21 days at 13 °C. The progress of bacterial growth in the larvae was followed from spore germination to cell lysis, and was completed within 4 days at 25 °C, 6 days at 22 °C, 12 days at 19 °C, 14 days at 16 °C, and > 28 days at 13 °C. Peak abundance of vegetative cells in the larvae was observed after 1 day at 25 °C, 2 days at 22 °C, 3 days at 19 °C, 7 days at 16 °C, and 21 days at 13 °C, and thus coincided almost exactly with the time required for maximum larval mortality. This correlation suggests that the observed effect of temperature on progression of larval mortality was due to its effect on the proliferation of vegetative cells in the infected larvae, and that bacterial septicemia makes an important contribution to death.

Explaining contradictory evidence regarding impacts of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Varietal performance of transgenic cotton in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BENNETT ◽  
Y. ISMAEL ◽  
S. MORSE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Bt Gene ◽  
Better Than

A study of the commercial growing of different varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton compares the performance of growing official and unofficial hybrid varieties of Bt cotton and conventional (non-Bt) hybrids in Gujarat by 622 farmers. Results suggest that the official Bt varieties (MECH 12 and MECH 162) significantly outperform the unofficial varieties. However, unofficial, locally produced Bt hybrids can also perform significantly better than non-Bt hybrids, although second generation (F2) Bt seed appears to have no yield advantage compared to non-Bt hybrids but can save on insecticide use. Although hybrid vigour is reduced, or even lost, with F2 seed the Bt gene still confers some advantage. The F2 seed is regarded as ‘GM’ by the farmers (and is sold as such), even though its yield performance is little better than the non-GM hybrids. The results help to explain why there is so much confusion arising from GM cotton release in India.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis Against Gypsy Moth Populations

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Thorpe ◽  
Richard L. Ridgway ◽  
Ralph E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Oak Trees

Abstract Aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki (74.1 billion international units/ha per application; single and double applications), diflubenzuron [69 g (ai)/ha], and no treatment were evaluated. Treatment effects were estimated from frass collections, defoliation, counts of pupae under burlap, and egg-mass counts. Estimates of larval density in the canopy 20 days after treatment ranged from 318.3 to 55.5 larvae per m² in the control- and diflubenzuron-treated plots, respectively. Larval density was reduced in all treatments, and was lowest in the plots treated with diflubenzuron and two applications of B. thuringiensis. Population density rapidly declined in the control plots, and by June 20, when larvae were predominantly in the fifth and sixth instars, no significant differences in larval density were detected among the treatments. Significantly less defoliation occurred to oak trees in the treated plots, but no differences were detected among the spray treatments. Counts of pupae under burlap, postseason egg-mass counts, and percent reduction in egg-mass density did not differ significantly among treatments or versus controls. These results suggest that diflubenzuron and double B. thuringiensis treatments caused higher levels of larval mortality than occurred with a single B. thuringiensis application, but that with a naturally declining gypsy moth population the final levels of damage were the same under all treatments. North. J. Appl. 14(3):135-140.

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