OVIPOSITION, TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION, AND POTENTIAL IMPACT OF STROBILOMYIA LARICIS MICHELSEN AND S. VIARIA (HUCKETT) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) ON EASTERN LARCH, LARIX LARICINA (DU ROI) K. KOCH

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha McClure ◽  
Dan T. Quiring ◽  
Jean J. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Patterned Surface ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractA 2-year field study was carried out to locate and identify eggs, determine the temporal distributions of eggs and larvae, and assess the impact of Strobilomyia laricis and S. viaria on Larix laricina. Eggs of S. laricis were beige with a patterned surface and usually laid one per cone in the bud scales at the base of the cone. Eggs of S. viaria were white and smooth and usually laid one per cone between the ovuliferous scales of the cone. Strobilomyia laricis oviposited from mid- to late May and S. viaria from late May to mid-June, each species initiating oviposition at a different stage of cone phenology. Peak egg densities of S. laricis were 25 and 65% higher than those of S. viaria in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Larvae of both species completed development at the same time, from mid-June to early July. The mean number of scales eaten per cone did not differ between species; one larva damaged a mean of 8.4 scales per cone in 1990 and 10.7 scales per cone in 1991. As the number of scales per cone increased, the mean number of scales eaten increased and the mean percentage of scales eaten decreased. Cone crops were light in both years. In 1990, the only year we were able to differentiate cone maggot larvae, 44% of cones were damaged by S. laricis and only 16% by S. viaria. Together, S. laricis and S. viaria damaged 60 and 67% of the cones and destroyed 38 and 50% of the potential seed crop in 1990 and 1991, respectively.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF SLEEPAND OTHER PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Umesh kr. Mishra ◽  
Sunita Tiwari ◽  
Sumit Rungta ◽  
Pooja Mishra ◽  
Gulam Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Nocturnal Polysomnography ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gerd Symptoms

Background: Night time reux has been shown to be associated with fragmented sleep. However, few studies have assessed the quality of sleep on gastroesophageal reux and the impact of gastroesophageal reux on reported quality of sleep and quality of sleep on gastroesophageal reux. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of sleep and other parameters in patients with gastroesophageal reux disease.50 Subjects with typical GERD symptoms ≥3 times a week and All subjects were administered 3 questionnaires: PSQI , ESS, GERD-HRQL . All the subjects underwent nocturnal polysomnography and completed a all 3 questionnaire before NPSG. Results: Overall ,the mean percentage of N1 was 9.10±9.74 ,N2 was 83.97±13.81 , N3 was 3.44±4.16 , N4 was 0.60±2.04 , REM was 2.14±3.79 , PSQI was 12.48±1.23 , ESS was 11.80±0.76 , TST (hr) was 5.19±0.74 , SPT(hr) was 6.58±0.77 , sleep efciency(%) was 52.50±27.16 , Latency (mint) was 22.79±30.85 , REM Latency (mints) was 96.99±151.86 ,and Microarousal index was 36.05±25.93 . To assess the potential impact of sleep quality via nocturnal polysomnography on severity of gastroesophageal reux , we performed correlations between the GERD questionnaire and nocturnal polysomnography reports . We observed that PSQI(r= -0.285, p<0.045) , ESS(r=0.206, p=0.05) , N1(r=0.202 , p>0.160) , N2(r=- 0.045 ,p>0.758) , N3(r=-0.079, p>0.583) , N4(r-0.209 ,p>0.145),REM(r=0.045 ,p>0.756) , TST(r=0.036 ,p>0.803), SPT(r=0.015,p>0.917) , Sleep Efciency (r=-0.113,p>0.435) , Sleep Latency (r=-0.045 ,p>0.756), REM Latency (r=0.165, p >0.253), Microarousal index (r=0.058 , p>0.683). Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reux disease and sleep disorders are extremely prevalent conditions, and it seems intuitive that there must be some overlap between the two. Sleep disorders may in fact be one of the most prevalent of the extraesophageal complications of GERD and often goes unrecognized.

scholarly journals Climate change and the occurrence of downy mildew in Brazilian grapevines

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislene Angelotti ◽  
Emília Hamada ◽  
Edineide Elisa Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Ghini ◽  
Lucas da Ressureição Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Diseased Leaf Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Logic Functions

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on the occurrence of grapevine downy mildew in Brazil. Seedlings containing four to six leaves were sprayed with a sporangia suspension containing 105 sporangia per milliliter. After spraying, the seedlings were subjected to temperatures of 26, 28, 29.1, 30.4, and 31.8°C for 24 hours. The percentage of diseased leaf area and the latent period were evaluated. Maps of the geographic and temporal distribution of the disease were made considering the monthly average of the mean air temperature and leaf wetness duration for the reference climate or climate normal (1961-1990) and the future climates (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100), considering the A2 and B1 gas emission scenarios, designed by the Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Favorability ranges were set and used in logic functions of the geografical information system (GIS) to generate monthly maps for grapevine downy mildew. Rising temperatures interfered with the grapevine downy mildew infections, reduced the disease severity, and increased the latent period. Future climate scenarios indicate a reduction of favorability of downy mildew in Brazil, with variability in the different grape producing regions.

scholarly journals UNIDADES PARANÁ SEGURO E SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CURITIBA: uma avaliação quantitativa local da implementação das unidades

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Andréa Benetti Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Thomaz Teodorovicz ◽  
Luiz Alberto Esteves ◽  
Marlon Alves Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Security Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

O governo estadual do Paraná começou, em 2012, a implantação de um novo modelo de policiamento, pautado no conceitode “policiamento comunitário”, voltado à redução de homicídios e combate a crimes relativos às drogas: as “Unidades Paraná Seguro”. O objetivo do trabalho é mensurar o impacto dessas unidades na criminalidade em Curitiba. A base de dados analisada continha informações trimestrais de ocorrências criminais para o período entre janeiro de 2011 e setembro de 2013. Essas informações foram agrupadas em três categorias: crimes contra pessoas; relativos a drogas; e contra o patrimônio. Para tanto, aplica a metodologia estatística de diferenças-em-diferenças em uma base de dados em painel para estimar o efeito tratamento médio, tanto nos bairros inseridos, como vizinhos às zonas de influência das unidades. Os resultados indicam que, embora o impacto sobre os crimes relativosàs drogas não tenha sido significativo, houve redução nos homicídios e significativo decréscimo dos crimes contra o patrimônio.Palavras-chave: Segurança pública, polícia comunitária, Unidades Paraná Seguro, avaliação de impacto, política pública.UNITS PARANÁ INSURANCE AND PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE CITY OF CURITIBA: a quantitative local evaluation of units’ implementationAbstract: In 2012 Paraná’s state government has begun the implementation of a new policing model: the “Unidade Paraná Seguro”(UPS). Based on the “community policy” concept, UPS’ main goal is to reduce both the rate of homicides and drug-related crimes.This paper aims to measure the results of such policy regarding its potential impact over Curitiba’s criminality rates. Quarterly crimerecords at a district-level from January/2011 until September/2013 were allocated in three different study-groups: crime againstindividuals; drug-related crimes; and property crimes. Differences-in-differences statistical methodology was applied to estimate the mean treatment effect on districts with an UPS and on its border districts. The results indicate that, although the impact over drug-related crimes was not statistically significant, there was reduction in homicides and significant reduction in property crimes.Key words: Public security, community police, Units Paraná Insurance, impact evaluation, public policy

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of fish eggs and larvae in a subtropical coastal lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis C. P. Macedo-Soares ◽  
Alesandra B. Birolo ◽  
Andrea S. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Coastal Fish ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Distribution Of Fish ◽  
Fish Eggs And Larvae

This study investigated the variation in abundance, distribution and composition of ichthyoplankton in a lagoon in southern Brazil through the year and at different stations within the lagoon. Ibiraquera Lagoon is a shallow coastal lagoon connected to the sea by a semi-permanent sandbar. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected monthly from December 2003 to December 2004, with a 200 µm mesh net using horizontal surface hauls. A colder, drier period was detected, contrasting with warm months during which salinity varied depending on rainfall and whether the sandbar was open or closed. The mean abundance of ichthyoplankton over the study period was 459.6 ± 76.2 (SE) eggs · 100 m-3 and 63.6 ± 7.9 (SE) larvae · 100 m-3, and they were present during all months. Significantly higher abundances of eggs and larvae were observed during warm months. The community was dominated by the family Engraulidae followed by Clupeidae, Gobiidae and Mugilidae. Engraulidae and Clupeidae were present throughout the year, with greater abundances in months with higher temperatures. Some coastal fish species spawn in Ibiraquera Lagoon, mainly near to the sandbar, demonstrating that the lagoon is a spawning area for coastal stock. We recommend the establishment of environmental procedures to promote the conservation of Ibiraquera Lagoon and its ichthyoplankton community.

The impact of season and vegetation on the survival and development of Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae in pasture plots

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-O. KRAGLUND ◽  
A. ROEPSTORFF ◽  
J. GRØNVOLD
Keyword(s):  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Pats of pig faeces containing known numbers of Oesophagostomum dentatum eggs were placed on plots with bare soil, short or tall herbage on 8 occasions during 1 year. The number of eggs and larvae and the relative distribution of larvae in faeces, soil and herbage was monitored for 1 year after deposition. On 2 occasions soil from 8 selected plots was given to pigs, which were later slaughtered and examined for the presence of adult O. dentatum. Less than 1% of the deposited eggs could be recovered as infective larvae. The highest recoveries were generally made on tall herbage plots. The majority of infective larvae was found within the faecal pats, which indicates that infective O. dentatum larvae, to a large extent, do not disperse onto the herbage or into soil. The infective larval stage was reached only when the mean temperature in the weeks post-deposition was above 10 °C. This stage was reached within 1 week when the mean weekly temperature was above 13 °C. After the winter period no infective larvae could be recovered from any plots and no parasitic worms could be isolated from pigs fed soil from 8 selected plots.

scholarly journals 1407. Potential Impact of the Biofire® Film Array Meningitis and Encephalitis (ME) Panel in Reducing Repeat Lumbar Punctures in Patients with Meningitis and Encephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S512-S512
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Aguilera ◽  
Shelby Simar ◽  
Susan H Wootton ◽  
Rodrigo Hasbun
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Acyclovir Therapy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Biofire® FilmArray Meningitis Encephalitis (FAME) is a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test can rapidly detect up to 14 pathogens that cause meningitis and encephalitis. The impact on preventing repeat lumbar punctures to obtain more diagnostic studies is currently unknown. Methods Patients admitted to Memorial Hermann Hospital (MHH) between July 2018-February 2019 with community-acquired symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis, CSF with white blood cell count >5 cells/mm3, and with leftover CSF at the MHH microbiology laboratory were eligible for the study. Testing FAME was performed after discharge for specimens that had not been centrifuged, had a volume of ≥200 μL, were appropriately stored, and were collected by lumbar puncture (LP) for evaluation of suspected meningitis/encephalitis. Results Of 1,382 CSF specimens screened, 70 (5.0%) met the criteria and were tested with FAME. The majority was adults (72.8%), non-Caucasian (68.6%), male (60%), immunocompetent (75.7%) and had a meningitis presentation (75.7%). Mean age was 36.9 years (1 mo-89 years). The mean duration between CSF collection and any PCR result done in the hospital was 60 hours. Fifteen patients (21.4%) required 25 repeat LPs [13 (86.6%) for additional testing (7 (53.8%) pediatric patients) and 2 (13.3%) for cryptococcal meningitis assessment]. The FAME could have prevented repeat LPs in 86.6% of patients. Five of the 13 repeat LP (38.4%) FA ME showed a pathogen [VZV (2), HSV 1 (1), HHSV-6 (1), Neisseria meningitidis (1)]. Of 46 tests with negative FA ME, acyclovir therapy was started in 22 (47.8%) with a mean of 6 doses dispensed. 38 (26.6%) patients were discharged with an unknown etiology of whom FA ME was positive in 8 (21%) [HSV2 (37.5%), VZV (25%), Enterovirus (25%) and HSV1 (12.5%)]. PCR was ordered in the hospital for only 4 (50%) of these patients. Conclusion The FAME identified an etiology in 21% of patients with meningitis and encephalitis symptoms discharged with an unknown etiology. A total of 18.5% of patients required a repeat LP for additional testing. FAME testing offers an avenue for reducing the burden of repeat LPs and duration of unnecessary anti-infective therapy while increasing diagnostic yield. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Determination of Colistin in Contents Derived from Gastrointestinal Tract of Feeding Treated Piglet and Broiler

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Chun Peng ◽  
Sanling Zuo ◽  
Yinsheng Qiu ◽  
Shulin Fu ◽  
Lijuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Colistin is considered as the last-resort treatment for multiantibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in humans. However, the oral administration of colistin to livestock and poultry results in the introduction of large amounts of colistin to the surrounding environment via urine and feces, potentially inducing the prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria and the impact on the ecological environment. We established a quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) based method to measure colistin in contents recovered from the gastrointestinal segments of piglets and broilers, as well as colistin in feces from the animals. The mean recoveries of colistin from different matrices were between 73.2% and 103.9%. The quantitation limit values for different matrices ranged from 0.37 to 1.85 ng/g. In colistin-treated swine samples, the highest concentration of colistin was detected in feces samples at a level of 1248.3 ng/g. However, the highest concentration of colistin in broiler samples was around 4882.9 ng/g, which was found in the contents derived from broilers’ ceca. The employment of the proposed method to assess colistin in animals’ gastrointestinal tracts might help to understand the colistin absorption in animals’ guts and the potential impact of colistin on the emergence of resistant bacteria in animals’ gut flora and the ecological environment.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Lydia Kallhoff ◽  
Christina Nessler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

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