scholarly journals UNIDADES PARANÁ SEGURO E SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CURITIBA: uma avaliação quantitativa local da implementação das unidades

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Andréa Benetti Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Thomaz Teodorovicz ◽  
Luiz Alberto Esteves ◽  
Marlon Alves Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Security Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

O governo estadual do Paraná começou, em 2012, a implantação de um novo modelo de policiamento, pautado no conceitode “policiamento comunitário”, voltado à redução de homicídios e combate a crimes relativos às drogas: as “Unidades Paraná Seguro”. O objetivo do trabalho é mensurar o impacto dessas unidades na criminalidade em Curitiba. A base de dados analisada continha informações trimestrais de ocorrências criminais para o período entre janeiro de 2011 e setembro de 2013. Essas informações foram agrupadas em três categorias: crimes contra pessoas; relativos a drogas; e contra o patrimônio. Para tanto, aplica a metodologia estatística de diferenças-em-diferenças em uma base de dados em painel para estimar o efeito tratamento médio, tanto nos bairros inseridos, como vizinhos às zonas de influência das unidades. Os resultados indicam que, embora o impacto sobre os crimes relativosàs drogas não tenha sido significativo, houve redução nos homicídios e significativo decréscimo dos crimes contra o patrimônio.Palavras-chave: Segurança pública, polícia comunitária, Unidades Paraná Seguro, avaliação de impacto, política pública.UNITS PARANÁ INSURANCE AND PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE CITY OF CURITIBA: a quantitative local evaluation of units’ implementationAbstract: In 2012 Paraná’s state government has begun the implementation of a new policing model: the “Unidade Paraná Seguro”(UPS). Based on the “community policy” concept, UPS’ main goal is to reduce both the rate of homicides and drug-related crimes.This paper aims to measure the results of such policy regarding its potential impact over Curitiba’s criminality rates. Quarterly crimerecords at a district-level from January/2011 until September/2013 were allocated in three different study-groups: crime againstindividuals; drug-related crimes; and property crimes. Differences-in-differences statistical methodology was applied to estimate the mean treatment effect on districts with an UPS and on its border districts. The results indicate that, although the impact over drug-related crimes was not statistically significant, there was reduction in homicides and significant reduction in property crimes.Key words: Public security, community police, Units Paraná Insurance, impact evaluation, public policy

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF SLEEPAND OTHER PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Umesh kr. Mishra ◽  
Sunita Tiwari ◽  
Sumit Rungta ◽  
Pooja Mishra ◽  
Gulam Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Rem Latency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Nocturnal Polysomnography ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gerd Symptoms

Background: Night time reux has been shown to be associated with fragmented sleep. However, few studies have assessed the quality of sleep on gastroesophageal reux and the impact of gastroesophageal reux on reported quality of sleep and quality of sleep on gastroesophageal reux. The aims of this study were to evaluate the quality of sleep and other parameters in patients with gastroesophageal reux disease.50 Subjects with typical GERD symptoms ≥3 times a week and All subjects were administered 3 questionnaires: PSQI , ESS, GERD-HRQL . All the subjects underwent nocturnal polysomnography and completed a all 3 questionnaire before NPSG. Results: Overall ,the mean percentage of N1 was 9.10±9.74 ,N2 was 83.97±13.81 , N3 was 3.44±4.16 , N4 was 0.60±2.04 , REM was 2.14±3.79 , PSQI was 12.48±1.23 , ESS was 11.80±0.76 , TST (hr) was 5.19±0.74 , SPT(hr) was 6.58±0.77 , sleep efciency(%) was 52.50±27.16 , Latency (mint) was 22.79±30.85 , REM Latency (mints) was 96.99±151.86 ,and Microarousal index was 36.05±25.93 . To assess the potential impact of sleep quality via nocturnal polysomnography on severity of gastroesophageal reux , we performed correlations between the GERD questionnaire and nocturnal polysomnography reports . We observed that PSQI(r= -0.285, p<0.045) , ESS(r=0.206, p=0.05) , N1(r=0.202 , p>0.160) , N2(r=- 0.045 ,p>0.758) , N3(r=-0.079, p>0.583) , N4(r-0.209 ,p>0.145),REM(r=0.045 ,p>0.756) , TST(r=0.036 ,p>0.803), SPT(r=0.015,p>0.917) , Sleep Efciency (r=-0.113,p>0.435) , Sleep Latency (r=-0.045 ,p>0.756), REM Latency (r=0.165, p >0.253), Microarousal index (r=0.058 , p>0.683). Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reux disease and sleep disorders are extremely prevalent conditions, and it seems intuitive that there must be some overlap between the two. Sleep disorders may in fact be one of the most prevalent of the extraesophageal complications of GERD and often goes unrecognized.

scholarly journals Small cities face greater impact from automation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (139) ◽  
pp. 20170946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan R. Frank ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Manuel Cebrian ◽  
Hyejin Youn ◽  
Iyad Rahwan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Worker Displacement ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Job Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Technical Professions

The city has proved to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of automation on jobs, a question looms: how will automation affect employment in cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation across US urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such as worker displacement and job content substitutions. We demonstrate that large cities exhibit increased occupational and skill specialization due to increased abundance of managerial and technical professions. These occupations are not easily automatable, and, thus, reduce the potential impact of automation in large cities. Our results pass several robustness checks including potential errors in the estimation of occupational automation and subsampling of occupations. Our study provides the first empirical law connecting two societal forces: urban agglomeration and automation's impact on employment.

scholarly journals Awareness of Diagnosis and Decision-Making Preferences of Greek Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Despoina G Alamanou ◽  
Konstantinos Giakoumidakis ◽  
Dimosthenis G Theodosiadis ◽  
Nikolaos V Fotos ◽  
Elissavet Patiraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Encounter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Objective: In Greece, the old phenomenon of hiding cancer diagnosis and depriving cancer patients of their right to participate in decisionmaking remains a reality. The aim of this study was to assess the decision-making preferences of Greek cancer patients and their awareness of diagnosis. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 229 adult Greek patients diagnosed with cancer, attending the oncology outpatient department (outpatients) or being hospitalized (inpatients), in one general hospital in Athens. Patients who were aware of cancer diagnosis (n=209) were administered at the Control Preference Scale (CPS), a tool, designed to elicit decision-making preferences. The IBM SPSS program, version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and one patients (52.8%) were males. The mean [±standard deviation (SD)] age was 64.8 (±11.2) years. The vast majority of patients knew they suffered from cancer (n=209, 91.3%). Older patients (p=0.003), those who lived in suburbs of the city (p=0.01), those who had lower educational level (p=0.001), those with lower personal income (p=0.001) and shorter disease duration (p=0.001) stated that were unaware of cancer diagnosis. Seventy five (36.2%) patients chose the shared-decision role in decision-making procedures. Lower age (OR 1.04, 95%, CI: 1.00-1.08, p= 0.05) and higher education level (OR 2, 63, 95%, CI: 1.11-6.29, p=0.03) were significantly associated with the preference of patients to actively participate in decision-making regarding treatment. Conclusions: Although Greek cancer patients are aware of cancer diagnosis and treatment, nowadays, they still seem to hesitate in playing a more active role in the decision-making procedures, which portrays the impact of the dominating paternalistic model of doctor-patient relationship in the Greek medical encounter

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Baena-Díez ◽  
María Barroso ◽  
Sara Isabel Cordeiro-Coelho ◽  
Jorge L Díaz ◽  
María Grau
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Background The impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many facets. This ecological study analysed age-standardized incidence rates by economic level in Barcelona. Methods We evaluated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona (Spain) between 26 February 2020 and 19 April 2020. Districts were classified according to most recent (2017) mean income data. The reference for estimating age-standardized cumulative incidence rates was the 2018 European population. The association between incidence rate and mean income by district was estimated with the Spearman rho. Results The lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003). Districts with the lowest mean income had the highest incidence of COVID-19 per 10 000 inhabitants; in contrast, those with the highest income had the lowest incidence. Specifically, the district with the lowest income had 2.5 times greater incidence of the disease, compared with the highest-income district [70 (95% confidence interval 66–73) versus 28 (25–31), respectively]. Conclusions The incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. Beyond healthcare for people with the disease, attention must focus on a health strategy for the whole population, particularly in the most deprived areas.

scholarly journals 1407. Potential Impact of the Biofire® Film Array Meningitis and Encephalitis (ME) Panel in Reducing Repeat Lumbar Punctures in Patients with Meningitis and Encephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S512-S512
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Aguilera ◽  
Shelby Simar ◽  
Susan H Wootton ◽  
Rodrigo Hasbun
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Acyclovir Therapy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Biofire® FilmArray Meningitis Encephalitis (FAME) is a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test can rapidly detect up to 14 pathogens that cause meningitis and encephalitis. The impact on preventing repeat lumbar punctures to obtain more diagnostic studies is currently unknown. Methods Patients admitted to Memorial Hermann Hospital (MHH) between July 2018-February 2019 with community-acquired symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis, CSF with white blood cell count >5 cells/mm3, and with leftover CSF at the MHH microbiology laboratory were eligible for the study. Testing FAME was performed after discharge for specimens that had not been centrifuged, had a volume of ≥200 μL, were appropriately stored, and were collected by lumbar puncture (LP) for evaluation of suspected meningitis/encephalitis. Results Of 1,382 CSF specimens screened, 70 (5.0%) met the criteria and were tested with FAME. The majority was adults (72.8%), non-Caucasian (68.6%), male (60%), immunocompetent (75.7%) and had a meningitis presentation (75.7%). Mean age was 36.9 years (1 mo-89 years). The mean duration between CSF collection and any PCR result done in the hospital was 60 hours. Fifteen patients (21.4%) required 25 repeat LPs [13 (86.6%) for additional testing (7 (53.8%) pediatric patients) and 2 (13.3%) for cryptococcal meningitis assessment]. The FAME could have prevented repeat LPs in 86.6% of patients. Five of the 13 repeat LP (38.4%) FA ME showed a pathogen [VZV (2), HSV 1 (1), HHSV-6 (1), Neisseria meningitidis (1)]. Of 46 tests with negative FA ME, acyclovir therapy was started in 22 (47.8%) with a mean of 6 doses dispensed. 38 (26.6%) patients were discharged with an unknown etiology of whom FA ME was positive in 8 (21%) [HSV2 (37.5%), VZV (25%), Enterovirus (25%) and HSV1 (12.5%)]. PCR was ordered in the hospital for only 4 (50%) of these patients. Conclusion The FAME identified an etiology in 21% of patients with meningitis and encephalitis symptoms discharged with an unknown etiology. A total of 18.5% of patients required a repeat LP for additional testing. FAME testing offers an avenue for reducing the burden of repeat LPs and duration of unnecessary anti-infective therapy while increasing diagnostic yield. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The potential impact of delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of limited vaccination coverage and increasing social mixing in Bogotá, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido España ◽  
Zulma M Cucunubá ◽  
Juliana Cuervo-Rojas ◽  
Hernando Díaz ◽  
Manuel González-Mayorga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Background: More than 122,000 COVID-19 associated deaths have been reported in Colombia and about 27,000 in the city of Bogotá by the first week of August, with vaccination coverage in the city at 30% for complete schemes and at 37% for partial vaccination. As the incidence of cases currently decreases, questions remain about the potential impact of the delta variant already present in the city. Methods: We used an agent-based model calibrated to data on age-structured deaths and dominance of variants in Bogotá. We used efficacy data for the portfolio of vaccines available, including known changes for SARS-CoV-2 variants. We modelled scenarios of early and delayed introduction of the delta variant in the city along with changes in mobility and social contact, and vaccine strategies over the next months. Findings: We estimate that by mid July, vaccination may have already prevented 17,800 (95% CrI: 16,000 - 19,000) deaths in Bogotá. The delta variant could become dominant and lead to a fourth wave later in the year, but its timing will depend on the date of introduction, social mixing patterns, and vaccination strategy. In all scenarios, higher social mixing is associated with a fourth wave of considerable magnitude. If an early delta introduction occurred (dominance by mid July), a new wave may occur in August/September and in such case, age prioritization of vaccination and second dose not postponed are more important. However, if introduction occurred one or two months later (dominance by mid August/September) the age-prioritization is less relevant but maintaining the dose scheme without postponement is more important. In all scenarios we found that increasing the vaccination rate from the current average of 50,000/day to 100,000/day reduces the impact of a fourth wave due to the delta variant. Conclusions: In Bogotá, the delta variant could still lead to a fourth wave, whose magnitude would depend on its introduction time and the level of social mixing. Its impact can be mitigated by increasing vaccination rates to achieve high coverage quickly, with non-delayed second doses. We found that, at this point, suspending the age prioritization to achieve higher coverage with first doses does not seem to have a major effect on deaths and ICU demand. But, delaying the second dose may not be beneficial and may even increase the incidence of severe outcomes.

scholarly journals The impact of the cost of oral hygiene products on the domestic budget in the urban region of a midsize Brazilian capital city

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Thaís Torres Barros DUTRA ◽  
André Luis Rodrigues da SILVA ◽  
Alaíse Magalhães CABRAL ◽  
José Machado MOITA NETO ◽  
Raimundo Rosendo PRADO JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the cost of oral hygiene products in Teresina, Piauí, on the Brazilian minimum salary (MS) over the period of two years. METHODS: The writer of this study visited 12 businesses from five geographical areas of the city during four consecutive months in 2011 and 2013 to collect the prices of toothbrushes, toothpaste, dental floss and mouth rinse solutions of different brands. The prices were used to calculate the monthly expense that one individual would have if they consumed the ideal quantity of the products, as recommended by the dental literature. Brazil's MS at the time of the study was used as a parameter to calculate the impact of the cost of the items on the family budget. RESULTS: The mean monthly cost per individual was R$ 17.93 in 2011 (2.88% of the MS) and R$ 24.92 in 2013 (3.67% of the MS). There was an increase of 38.9 % in the mean price of products and the impact on the MS increased by 27.43 % during the study period. CONCLUSION: The impact of the cost of the oral care items was high on the Brazilian MS for the studied region. Dentists should be aware that the cost of these products can be an obstacle for their patients.

scholarly journals Determination of Colistin in Contents Derived from Gastrointestinal Tract of Feeding Treated Piglet and Broiler

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Chun Peng ◽  
Sanling Zuo ◽  
Yinsheng Qiu ◽  
Shulin Fu ◽  
Lijuan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Colistin is considered as the last-resort treatment for multiantibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in humans. However, the oral administration of colistin to livestock and poultry results in the introduction of large amounts of colistin to the surrounding environment via urine and feces, potentially inducing the prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria and the impact on the ecological environment. We established a quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) based method to measure colistin in contents recovered from the gastrointestinal segments of piglets and broilers, as well as colistin in feces from the animals. The mean recoveries of colistin from different matrices were between 73.2% and 103.9%. The quantitation limit values for different matrices ranged from 0.37 to 1.85 ng/g. In colistin-treated swine samples, the highest concentration of colistin was detected in feces samples at a level of 1248.3 ng/g. However, the highest concentration of colistin in broiler samples was around 4882.9 ng/g, which was found in the contents derived from broilers’ ceca. The employment of the proposed method to assess colistin in animals’ gastrointestinal tracts might help to understand the colistin absorption in animals’ guts and the potential impact of colistin on the emergence of resistant bacteria in animals’ gut flora and the ecological environment.

scholarly journals Industrial uniformity or industrial diversification: the impact of hsr on the regional economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Kamenkov
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Main Task ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Industrial Diversification ◽  
Industrial Specialization ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Aim: Identification of the degree of influence of high-speed lines on industrial specialization. Methods: This paper examines the relationship between high-speed rail and the agglomeration economy. A literature review of the most popular points of view on the economy of agglomerations is carried out. The main task is to answer whether HSR contributes to the development of industrial uniformity or industrial diversification. The work will show a model for calculating the specialization index, and also, assess the degree of influence of distance from the high-speed rail on the specialization of the city. Results: Three options for the location of cities and the industrial specialization of these cities were identified: right next to the HSR diversified; at a distance of 270 km from HSR uniform; at a distance of more than 500 km from HSR diversified. Conclusion: It is revealed that the single dominant industry receives the greatest benefit from agglomerations. Also-in this paper, the possibility of more effective orientation of the private sector by the state government is justified.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Foot Reflexology on Postpartum Energy in Primiparous Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Maryam Moddares ◽  
◽  
Shekoufeh Maleki ◽  
Shima Haghanni ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The postpartum period is a critical stage that exposes the mother to unpleasant experiences, including changes in energy level. Implementing reflexology during this period, as a branch of complementary medicine, may be helpful in promoting healthcare, especially in the areas of maternal and child health. Methods: In total, 70 eligible women who referred to health centers in the south of Tehran City, Iran, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated in this quasi-experimental study. A written informed consent form was obtained from them before initiating the study. The mothers of the postpartum routine care control group and the reflexology group received a massage for 3 consecutive days for 30 minutes (15 minutes per leg). Both study groups completed energy-related items in the Visual Fatigue Questionnaire before as well as immediately and one week after the completion of the intervention. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: Demographic characteristics and the energy level before intervention were homogenous in both research groups. Immediately after the intervention, the Mean±SD energy scores in the control and reflexology groups were 34.55±2.84 and 33.7±4.33, respectively; thus the obtained data revealed no statistically significant difference between the study groups (P=0.02). One week after the intervention, the Mean±SD energy scores in the reflexology and control groups were 35.87±2.71 and 35.5±3.43), respectively; thus, there was no significant difference between the study groups in this regard (P=0.64). Conclusion: The presented massage intervention was not as effective as a non-invasive low-cost method on the postpartum energy level of the study participants.

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