Dung-beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblage in two livestock production systems in a southern Mexican High Plateau semiarid ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-300
Author(s):  
Benjamín Hernández ◽  
José L. Barragán-Ramírez ◽  
José L. Navarrete-Heredia ◽  
Georgina Adriana Quiroz-Rocha ◽  
Miguel Vásquez-Bolaños
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
High Plateau ◽  
Holistic Management ◽  
Biomass Turnover ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractIn this work, we used measures of diversity and biogeographic patterns to evaluate the response of dung-beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) at two cattle ranches with different management systems on the southern Mexican High Plateau. The number of individuals and biomass were used as the primary diversity attributes of the assemblage. The 1D and 2D true diversity indexes of these attributes were examined, and the attributes were classified according to Halffter’s biogeographical patterns. In total, 1375 Scarabaeinae adults were collected, representing 11 species and seven genera. Site management regime did not significantly affect species richness or assemblage structure when the number of individuals was considered. However, species diversity and biomass turnover were higher in the system with holistic management than in that with semitechnified management. The proportions of Halffter’s biogeographical patterns also differed between the two production systems. In conclusion, the location under holistic management, despite having cattle production, contained a significant proportion of the Scarabaeinae species that are typical of the Mexican High Plateau. In contrast, the semitechnified system negatively impacted beetle abundance, leading to half the individuals, the dominance of species with high biomass, and the absence of groups typical of the region.

Genetic and morphological diversity of the cosmopolitan chaetognath Pseudosagitta maxima (Conant, 1896) in the Atlantic Ocean and its relationship with the congeneric species

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1875-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Kulagin ◽  
Tatiana V. Neretina
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
True Diversity

Abstract Until recently many oceanic zooplankton species have been considered as cosmopolitan organisms. At present it became evident that some of them comprise many distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) that often are regarded as cryptic species. As they can significantly change our perceptions of large-scale biogeographic patterns, it is important to characterize the true diversity within common and ecologically important groups. We have analysed the molecular and morphological diversity of the cosmopolitan mesopelagic chaetognath Pseudosagitta maxima throughout the Atlantic Ocean from 60° S to 85° N and its position within the genus Pseudosagitta. Three distinct mitochondrial clades within P. maxima were revealed with phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian Inference) and were geographically separated. The subsequent analyses of nuclear markers (H3, ITS1) have shown that P. maxima most likely comprises two distinct MOTUs, tropical and bipolar, that also have some morphological differences. The latter MOTU consists of two genetically slightly divergent populations: southern and northern. The morphological examination allowed the determination of a character (type of hook coloration) that accurately distinguishes juveniles of the P. maxima complex from the other congeneric species. Molecular data have shown that evolutionary P. lyra and P. gazellae are more closely related to each other than to P. maxima. Number of hooks, number of anterior and posterior teeth and the arrangement of ova in the ovary were proposed to be the most useful morphological characters to distinguish between tropical and bipolar MOTUs within the P. maxima complex. The first three characters should be determined for each maturity stage separately.

scholarly journals The role of dung beetles in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from cattle farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Slade ◽  
Terhi Riutta ◽  
Tomas Roslin ◽  
Hanna L. Tuomisto
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract Agriculture is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs), with dairy and beef production accounting for nearly two-thirds of emissions. Several recent papers suggest that dung beetles may affect fluxes of GHGs from cattle farming. Here, we put these previous findings into context. Using Finland as an example, we assessed GHG emissions at three scales: the dung pat, pasture ecosystem and whole lifecycle of milk or beef production. At the first two levels, dung beetles reduced GHG emissions by up to 7% and 12% respectively, mainly through large reductions in methane (CH4) emissions. However, at the lifecycle level, dung beetles accounted for only a 0.05–0.13% reduction of overall GHG emissions. This mismatch derives from the fact that in intensive production systems, only a limited fraction of all cow pats end up on pastures, offering limited scope for dung beetle mitigation of GHG fluxes. In contrast, we suggest that the effects of dung beetles may be accentuated in tropical countries, where more manure is left on pastures and dung beetles remove and aerate dung faster and that this is thus a key area for future research. These considerations give a new perspective on previous results and suggest that studies of biotic effects on GHG emissions from dung pats on a global scale are a priority for current research.

scholarly journals Optimizing Energy Consumption in Internal Transportation Using Dynamic Transportation Vehicles Assignment Model: Case Study in Printing Company

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4557
Author(s):  
Vitalii Naumov ◽  
Daniel Kubek ◽  
Paweł Więcek ◽  
Iwona Skalna ◽  
Jerzy Duda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Heterogeneous Fleet ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Delivery Routes ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

Energy costs account for a significant proportion of total costs in production systems. Since energy is becoming an increasingly expensive resource, therefore, it is critical to consume it as efficiently as possible. Focusing on energy efficiency is also important in terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the effects of other pollutants on the environment. One of the possible ways for businesses to reduce energy consumption is to use available transportation means as efficiently as possible. In the operational phase, this can be achieved by reducing unnecessary transport, selecting the most efficient delivery routes, and by optimized assignment of available vehicles to transportation orders. We present in this article a novel dynamic assignment of transportation orders to fleet with energy minimization criterion in internal transport system of a printing company. The novelty of the proposed model is that, in contrast to most existing models, it can handle a heterogeneous fleet of human-operated and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs). The minimization of the energy consumption by transportation vehicles was modeled with reference to VDI 2198 standard. The need for such a model is justified by the fact that it better reflects a real production environment in many companies. The proposed optimization model was tested in simulation experiments imitating real production conditions in a large web printing house. The obtained results show that the proposed model allows for a significant reduction of energy consumption in internal transportation. The proposed model is general enough to be used in various companies with a heterogeneous fleet of internal transportation vehicles. In addition, the energy consumption factor VDI for AMRs has been determined, which can be useful in solving various problems related to energy optimization of internal transportation.

scholarly journals Epigeal invertebrate fauna in monoculture and integrated systems in the cerrado biome Piauí

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e9910413888
Author(s):  
João Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Adriano Veniciús Santana Gualberto ◽  
Renato Falconeres Vogado ◽  
Henrique Antunes de Souza ◽  
Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

Epigeal fauna are considered key biological indicators of soil quality, which can be used as parameters for determining sustainable agricultural production systems. This study aimed to evaluate the epigeal fauna under different monoculture and integrated production systems in a Yellow Latosol in the Cerrado biome. The epigeal fauna was sampled using pitfall traps in areas of no-tillage, pasture, exclusive eucalyptus cultivation, integrated livestock-forest system and in a native cerrado. The following variables were determined: number of individuals trap-1 day-1, total richness and the indices of Shannon and Pielou. The number of individuals trap-1 day-1 and richness were higher in native cerrado, while the no-tillage area presented the lowest values. For the Shannon and Pielou indices, native cerrado and integrated livestock-forest system presented the highest values while exclusive eucalyptus cultivation and no-tillage presented the lowest values. The pasture, exclusive eucalyptus cultivation and integrated livestock-forest system favored the ecological indexes of the epigeal fauna, while no-tillage was the system that least contributed to the establishment of these organisms. In areas explored with  pasture, exclusive eucalyptus cultivation and  integrated livestock-forest system, the community and the diversity of groups of fauna tend to increase. The association with different groups of fauna is more expressive in environments of native cerrado and exclusive eucalyptus cultivation.

scholarly journals Onthophagus landolti and Canthon indigaceus chevrolati (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) are attracted to the feces of ivermectin-treated cattle in the Mexican tropics

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ivan Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
Gertrudis del Socorro Basto-Estrella ◽  
Enrique Reyes-Novelo ◽  
Luis Carlos Pérez-Cogollo ◽  
William Arcila-Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Insecticide Activity ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Mexican Tropics

Ivermectin (IVM) is widely used for parasite control in livestock in the tropics. Residual IVM in feces conserves its insecticide activity for weeks and can harm dung beetle (DB) species. Attraction to the feces of IVM-treated cattle was tested using the DB species Onthophagus landolti (Harold) and Canthon indigaceus chevrolati (Harold) as models. Experiments were done under controlled laboratory conditions, semi-controlled field conditions and uncontrolled field conditions. Olfactometers were used in the controlled and semi-controlled trials. The control treatment was baited IVM-free feces, and the experimental treatments were the feces of cattle treated with 1 % IVM (subcutaneous administration; single, 0.2 mg/kg bw dosage) and collected at 5, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. The uncontrolled field trial involved pitfall traps baited with IVM-free feces or feces from IVM-treated cattle collected five days post-treatment. Under controlled and semi-controlled conditions, the feces of IVM-treated cattle (at 5, 14, 21 or 28 days post-treatment) attracted more O. landolti and C. i. chevrolati individuals than IVM-free feces (P < 0.05). The same response occurred under uncontrolled conditions. This clear attraction for IVM-containing cattle feces by the studied DB species highlights that incorrect IVM use may pose a risk to DB communities in cattle production systems.

scholarly journals The essence of the globalization of the veterinary market in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (86) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
H.D. Harvas
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
World Market ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Veterinary Medicines ◽  
Cluster Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

The globalization of the world economy is in different directions, one of which is the process of globalization of markets where competition offers opportunities to participants in finding manufacturing innovations to achieve greater efficiency in their work. Today, the world market of veterinary pharmacy, is actively developing, therefore, it is necessary to look for effective ways to improve the quality, safety and competitiveness of veterinary medicines of domestic producers, while complying with the legislation of Ukraine and the directives of the European Union. The main problem of the veterinary medicines market in Ukraine is first of all: insufficient state regulation, the prevailing share of the range of foreign drugs, a significant proportion of counterfeit, counterfeit, unregistered drugs in Ukraine, a significant percentage of generic drugs, all these factors create the conditions of access to the market for foreign manufacturers. The effective mechanism for the development of the domestic veterinary pharmacy in the conditions of global globalization and restructuring of the economy is the flexible association of enterprises-manufacturers, and as the world experience has shown, the most effective is to merge into a cluster. The interest in clusters in the world is constantly growing, and research in various countries confirms that the implementation of cluster structures is the key to socio-economic development and the effective functioning of the state as a whole. Economy territories, which is based on clusters is a model of attractive and competitive economy based on the use of synergy effects and scale. Cluster networks of territorial production systems are sources and factors of ensuring a high level and quality of life of the population, economic growth and sustainable development of territories.

The Malabo Declaration and agenda 2063: making climate smart agriculture real with conservation agriculture in Africa.

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Saidi Mkomwa ◽  
Amir Kassam ◽  
Martin Bwalya ◽  
Reynolds K. Shula
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Agenda 2063

Abstract The African Union (AU) has provided the vision and even a hint of the future through Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, to be achieved, in part, through accelerated agricultural growth and transformation, leading to shared prosperity and improved livelihoods. The promulgation is contained in the Malabo Declaration of the AU Summit held in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, in June 2014. Attaining the ambitious commitments of ending hunger, doubling productivity, halving post-harvest losses and poverty, enhancing resilience in livelihoods and production systems to climate variability and other shocks, and reducing child stunting to 10% and numbers of underweight children to 5% by 2025 requires a definition of the strategies and the operative paradigms. The Declaration also calls for African agriculture to become climate smart. This chapter presents the strategic positioning of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in making climate smart agriculture (CSA) real in Africa and harnessing partnerships, informed by science and analyses of lessons from past interventions. We conclude that investing US$50 per household, in a capacity development programme in CA for 25 million households, has the potential to increase land productivity, produce food surpluses and transform livelihoods, thus attaining the Malabo Declaration targets. The investment in and adoption of CA-based CSA to that magnitude will not only move Africa's agriculture to a new level, where a significant proportion of agricultural land is managed with CA systems, but also supply competitively priced raw materials for transformative industrial and economic growth in Africa.

Producer Services, Division of Labor, and Innovation in Semi-Industrialized Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 444-463
Author(s):  
José A. Borello ◽  
Hernán Morhorlang
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Producer Services ◽  
New Firms ◽  
Industrial Services ◽  
Empirical Base

The chapter contributes to the literature on innovation and producer services by suggesting that the division of labor and the forces that shape it in semi-industrialized countries may limit innovation and the acquisition of new firms’ capabilities. This chapter argues that a better understanding of production systems in semi-industrialized countries can by gained from an examination of producer services. The focus of the chapter is placed on the degree of vertical integration and the linkages that connect producer services with other agents. The chapter has two specific intentions: (1) to characterize the linkages that connect naval workshops with other agents and (2) to describe the characteristics of a group of suppliers of specialized industrial services. The chapter is grounded on a rich empirical base that makes possible a detailed analysis of producer services firms (naval workshops) but also of their main demand (shipyards). One central contribution of the chapter is to show that in semi-industrialized countries a significant proportion of producer services are still integrated in the demanding agents, and this is an obstacle to specialization and the achievement of economies of scale. The chapter is based on interviews and visits to 20 workshops, 26 shipyards, and 14 naval design studios.

Diversity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Gray ◽  
Michael Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Evenness Indices ◽  
Number Of Individuals

In the previous chapter we covered ways of describing samples of benthos, but specifically did not include diversity. We can talk of primary community variables, such as abundance (A), species richness (S) and biomass (B), and derived variables from these such as true diversity indices, evenness indices, and ratios indicating the relationship between species richness and abundance (A/S, the abundance ratio or the average abundance per species) and between biomass and abundance (B/A, the biomass ratio or the mean biomass per individual). Diversity is not just simply about the number of species found in a sample or area, but also uses data on the abundances of individuals among the species and the way those abundances are distributed among the species within the assemblage. There are many ways of describing diversity. Here we give a summary of the most important ones and reference sources of recent literature on the subject (see also the data analysis summary in Chapter 11). In the following section we consider simple indices (univariate) as measures of diversity; multivariate methods of analysing patterns will be covered in Chapter 7 on the effects of disturbance. The simplest way to measure diversity is the number of species found in a sample, called the species richness (S or SR). Yet diversity is not just about numbers of species; it is also concerned with the distribution of numbers of individuals per species. For example, if one assemblage has 50 individuals of each of 2 species A and B whereas another assemblage has 99 individuals of species A and 1 individual of species B, then both have the same species richness but the first assemblage is the more diverse. Thus a measure of diversity (an index) must take into account not only the number of species, but also the number of individuals per species. To distinguish this from species richness, the combination of individuals per species and number of species is called heterogeneity diversity. In fact there are a large number of diversity indices, and we do not propose to consider them all here (Magurran 2004 gives an excellent and detailed account and others are mentioned in the summary in Chapter 11).

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