scholarly journals Physical Exercise as a Preventive or Disease-Modifying Treatment of Dementia and Brain Aging

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Ahlskog ◽  
Yonas E. Geda ◽  
Neill R. Graff-Radford ◽  
Ronald C. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

scholarly journals An endothelial link between the benefits of physical exercise in dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2649-2664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne J Trigiani ◽  
Edith Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Endothelial Cell Function ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

The current absence of a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) highlights the necessity for investigating the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise (PE). Although evidence exists to support an association between regular PE and higher scores on cognitive function tests, and a slower rate of cognitive decline, there is no clear consensus on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the advantages of PE. This review seeks to summarize the positive effects of PE in human and animal studies while highlighting the vascular link between these benefits. Lifestyle factors such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and sleep apnea will be addressed in relation to the risk they pose in developing AD and VCID, as will molecular factors known to have an impact on either the initiation or the progression of AD and/or VCID. This will include amyloid-beta clearance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and white matter integrity. Particularly, this review will address how engaging in PE can counter factors that contribute to disease pathogenesis, and how these alterations are linked to endothelial cell function.

scholarly journals Relapse recovery in multiple sclerosis: Effect of treatment and contribution to long-term disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205521732110155
Author(s):  
Marinos G Sotiropoulos ◽  
Hrishikesh Lokhande ◽  
Brian C Healy ◽  
Mariann Polgar-Turcsanyi ◽  
Bonnie I Glanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional System ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Bladder Symptoms ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment ◽  
Baseline Bmi

Background Although recovery from relapses in MS appears to contribute to disability, it has largely been ignored as a treatment endpoint and disability predictor. Objective To identify demographic and clinical predictors of relapse recovery in the first 3 years and examine its contribution to 10-year disability and MRI outcomes. Methods Relapse recovery was retrospectively assessed in 360 patients with MS using the return of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Functional System Scale and neurologic signs to baseline at least 6 months after onset. Univariate and multivariable models were used to associate recovery with demographic and clinical factors and predict 10-year outcomes. Results Recovery from relapses in the first 3 years was better in patients who were younger, on disease-modifying treatment, with a longer disease duration and without bowel or bladder symptoms. For every incomplete recovery, 10-year EDSS increased by 0.6 and 10-year timed 25-foot walk increased by 0.5 s. These outcomes were also higher with older age and higher baseline BMI. Ten-year MRI brain atrophy was associated only with older age, and MRI lesion volume was only associated with smoking. Conclusions Early initiation of disease-modifying treatment in MS was associated with improved relapse recovery, which in turn prevented long-term disability.

Planning and approach to allergen-specific immunotherapy in polyallergic patients

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 577-585
Author(s):  
Nerin N Bahceciler ◽  
Ozel Yuruker
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Stepwise Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

Allergy immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic-respiratory diseases. Polysensitization may increase the severity of current disease resulting in subsequent asthma development in patients with allergic rhinitis. Due to the absence of general recommendations for the practical approach to polysensitized patients, clinical management is not standardized. The correlation between sensitizations and clinical symptoms, elimination of possible pollen cross-reactivities and principles of homologous allergen groups will guide the allergists to deduce the most relevant allergens for AIT. In the highlight of the previously proposed approach strategies to polyallergic patients, hereby we propose a revised practical stepwise approach based on the current European Medicine Agency (EMA) guidelines. However, more supporting data from well-designed, controlled, future studies are needed to improve clinical management recommendations for AIT in polyallergic patients.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Intranasal Deferoxamine in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Jacob Kosyakovsky ◽  
Jared Fine ◽  
William Frey ◽  
Leah Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Further Development

Identifying disease-modifying therapies for neurological diseases remains one of the greatest gaps in modern medicine. Herein, we present the rationale for intranasal (IN) delivery of deferoxamine (DFO), a high-affinity iron chelator, as a treatment for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disease with a focus on its novel mechanisms. Brain iron dyshomeostasis with iron accumulation is a known feature of brain aging and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. A substantial body of preclinical evidence and early clinical data has demonstrated that IN DFO and other iron chelators have strong disease-modifying impacts in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Acting by the disease-nonspecific pathway of iron chelation, DFO targets each of these complex diseases via multifactorial mechanisms. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest further mechanisms by which IN DFO may also be beneficial in cognitive aging, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, other neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular dementia. Considering its known safety profile, targeted delivery method, robust preclinical efficacy, multiple mechanisms, and potential applicability across many neurological diseases, the case for further development of IN DFO is considerable.

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