scholarly journals A review of medicinal plants that modulate nitric oxide activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jillian Borchard ◽  
Lily Mazzarella ◽  
Kevin Spelman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Nitric Oxide Signaling ◽  
Evolvulus Alsinoides ◽  
Sida Cordifolia

Modulation of nitric oxide (NO) may offer novel approaches in the treatment of a variety of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. A strategy in the modulation of NO expression may be through the use of herbal medicines. We surveyed medicinal plant research that utilized multicomponent extracts similar to what is used in clinical phytotherapy or in commerce, for demonstrated effects on NO activity. SciFinder Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and BIOSIS were searched to identify human, animal, <em>in vivo</em>, <em>ex vivo </em>or <em>in vitro</em> research on botanical medicines, in whole or standardized form, that act on nitric oxide activity. iNOS was the most frequently investigated enzyme system and this system was up-regulated by many plant extracts, including, <em>Chicorium intybus, Cocos nucifera, Echinacea purpurea, Euonymus alatus, Ixeris dentate, Oldenlandia diffusa, Rhinacanthus nasutus, and Sida cordifolia. Many plant extracts down-regulated iNOS, including Centella asiatica, Dichroa Febrifuga, Echinacea purpurea, Evolvulus alsinoides, Fagonia cretica, Ginkgo biloba, Mollugo verticillata, Lactuca indica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Pueraria thunbergiana, and Taraxacum officinale</em>. The eNOS system was stimulated by <em>Eucommia ulmoides, Sida cordifolia</em>, and <em>Thymus pulegioides while Fagonia cretica, Rubia cordifolia</em> and <em>Tinospora cordifolia </em>down-regulated nNOS. Given the activity demonstrated by many of these herbal medicines, the increasing awareness of the effects of nitric oxide on a wide variety of disease processes and the growing incidence of these conditions in the population, further study of medicinal plants on nitric oxide signaling may lead to novel therapies and further insight into human physiology.

Antiviral and Immunity-modulating Natural Herbs in the Prevention of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Sonali S Gadge
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum

The COVID-19 has spread all over the world and there is no single drug or medicine for the prevention and the treatment of this deadly disease. One can get prevention from this disease by boosting the immune system. Persons with weak immune system e.g. children, elder patients or patients with preexisting diseases affect rapidly due to coronavirus. This novel coronavirus attacks mainly on the person immunity. For the centuries the herbal medicinal plants have many beneficial effects against deadly viruses. Herbal medicines provide a rich resource for new antiviral drug development. These natural agents interact with the life cycle of virus such as virus entry, replication, assembly and release. In this review, the importance, immunomodulator, antiviral and pharmacological activities of some medicinal plants, namely, Allium Sativum, Zingiber Officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ginseng, Black pepper, Emblica officinalis, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Azadirachta indica, Piper betel, Eugenia caryophyllata, Cinchona calisaya, Nigella sativa, Cuminum cyminum are highlighted. These medicinal plants have many phytoconstituents like alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, lactones, polysaccharides, volatile oils, tannins, resins, etc which are helpful for boosting immunity and will help in the prevention and in the management of COVID-19. Several types of research attempted to use herbal medicines against COVID-19.

scholarly journals A Pharmacological Potential of Adina cordifolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-S) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Aishwarya P. Dalu ◽  
Vinayak S. Zagare ◽  
Priyamala E. Avchar ◽  
Megha P. Kadam ◽  
Ashwini S. Ingole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Human History ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Botanical Description ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Adina cordifolia belongs to the Rubiaceae family. Flavonoids, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were found in Adina cordifolia plant extracts. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout human history. They are widely used today indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern, high-tech medicine. The medicinal plants, besides having natural therapeutic values against various diseases and considerable works have been done on these plants to treat chronic Cough, Jaundice, Stomachaches, Cancer, Diabetes, and a variety of other ailments. Present review deals with botanical description and various pharmacological action, and medicinal uses of Adina cordifolia. Keywords: Adina cordifolia, Pharmacological Potential, Extract, Taxonomy.

Immunomodulatory activity of methanol leaf extracts of Cameroonian medicinal plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Marcel Djafoua ◽  
Raymond Simplice Mouokeu ◽  
Christopher Tume ◽  
Monique Odette Kamtchueng ◽  
Jules-Roger Kuiate
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and have become part of complementary medicine worldwide because of their health benefits. Some have been successfully used directly in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases or indirectly by stimulating the immune system. In the present study, the immunomodulatory activity of the methanol extracts of: The extracts were prepared by maceration of dry leaves’ powder in methanol. Phytochemical analysis was carried out by chemical reaction methods. The activity of plant extracts was evaluated in: All the extract inhibited nitric oxide production by peritoneal macrophages, the highest activity was achieved with: These results suggest that the

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Maharjan ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Mangala D Manandhar ◽  
Shaila Basnyai ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus

Plant and plant products are used as medicine from the beginning of human civilization. This study compares the antibacterial activity of crude hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of nine different medicinal plants used in traditional Nepalese medicine, tested against 10 species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 20063), Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae by agar well diffusion method. The selected parts of these medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus (Rhizome), Aegle marmelos (Fruit), Asparagus racemosus (Tuberous root), Mimosa pudica (Root), Terminalia bellirica (Fruit), Terminalia chebula (Fruit), Tinospora cordifolia (Stem), Woodfordia fruticosa (Flower) and Holarrhena antidysenterica (Seed) were taken for study.The result showed that out of nine tested plants, four plant extracts (44%) showed activity against at least five or more tested bacteria and five plant extracts (56%) were active against three or less than three bacteria. None of the tested plant extracts was active against all the tested bacteria. A. racemosus was the least effective against bacterial species. S. aureus was the most susceptible bacteria being sensitive to 18 extracts from 9 medicinal plants. P. vulgaris was the most resistant bacteria being resistant to all selective plants. The MBC value ranges from 3.12 mg/ml to >50 mg/ml. Lowest MBC was shown by ethylacetate extract of T. bellirica against E. coli and ethylacetate extract of W. fruticosa against S. dysenteriae. Largest ZOI (31 mm) was produced by ethylacetate extract of T. bellirica. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 209-214 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7738

scholarly journals Toxicity of brazilian medicinal plant extracts on Macrobrachium amazonicum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Tainára Cunha Gemaque ◽  
Sérgio Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Daniele Salgueiro De Melo ◽  
Daniel Pereira Da Costa ◽  
Kleber Campos Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Macrobrachium Amazonicum ◽  
The Media ◽  
Arrabidaea Chica ◽  
Croton Cajucara

Medicinal plants from Amazon have been commercialized for decades, but few scientific studies prove their effectiveness and safety in use in aquaculture activities. The objective of the present study was to use the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum to predict the toxicity of the natural extracts of nine medicinal plants viz pariri Arrabidaea chica, muirapuama Ptychopetalum olacoides, anauerá Licania macrophylla, barbatimão Ouratea hexasperma, faveira Vatairea guianensis, sacaca Croton cajucara, jacareúba Calophyllum brasilliense, pau d’arco Tabebuia sp. and verônica Dalbergia subcymosa, in concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µg/mL. The media was prepared in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted with water. Ten post-larvae (0.5 ± 0.1 g) were added to each triplicate and, after 24 h, the mortalities were evaluated, with the results of median lethal concentration expressed as LC50-24h using the Probit statistical method. To obtain the concentrations of a common bioactive compound of plant extracts, the concentrations of flavonoids were analyzed using a methodology based on the formation of chromophores. The results of acute toxicity indicate variability in the toxic effects of medicinal plants, taking into account the concentration of total flavonoids, with the least toxic Tabebuia sp. (LC50 = 758.31 µg/mL) and the most toxic C. cajucara and V. guianensis (LC50 = 72.16 and 75.23 µg/mL), respectively. The extracts demonstrated lethality against M. amazonicum, which predicts toxicity and warns of its use them as herbal medicines. More studies must be carried out to determine other bioactive compounds in the plant extracts used since there is an unparalleled availability of chemical diversity.

scholarly journals MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HEALTH IN HUMAN HISTORY: FROM EMPIRICAL USE TO MODERN PHYTOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Miraldi ◽  
Giulia Baini
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
World Population ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Phytotherapy is the science that deals with the treatment and prevention of diseases through medicinal plants and herbal products. The use of herbs as medicine is the oldest form of healthcare known to humanity and has been used in all cultures throughout history. It is known that even today over 80% of the world population depends on herbal medicines. The quality of herbal medicines is believed to be directly related to its active principles, but herbal medicines can be variable in their composition. Therefore, it is necessary to use an extract that is well defined in its chemical composition and in the quantity of specific active principles; and actually, to obtain constant efficacy and safety, standardized medicinal plant extracts are being used. Clinically confirmed efficacy and best tolerability and safety of standardized or quantified medicinal plant extracts are the key for a successful phytotherapic approach.

Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri S ◽  
Raghu Chandrashekar H ◽  
Fayaz S M
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Approved Drugs

: Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The ‘one drug-one target’ approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer’s disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer’s disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer’s disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer’s disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.

scholarly journals Scientific evidence for efficiency of medicinal plants in otorhinolaryngology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kurkin ◽  
Elena V. Avdeeva ◽  
Olga E. Pravdivtseva ◽  
Anna V. Kurkinа ◽  
Natalya R. Varina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Eucalyptus Viminalis ◽  
Phenolic Components

Objectives to provide scientific evidence for rational use of herbal medicines in otorhinolaryngological practice. Material and methods. The study included the following plants: Eucalyptus viminalis leaves, Monarda fistulosa herbs, Melissa officinalis herbs, Echinacea purpurea herbs, Calendula officinalis flowers, rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea, rhizomes of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, Macleaya microcarpa herbs, Macleaya cordata herbs, Plantago major leaves, Origanum vulgare herbs, Thymus serpyllum herbs. Phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, euglobals, monoterpene phenols, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids of essential oils, saponins and alkaloids were isolated from the medicinal plants and studied with thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and various chemical transformations. Results. It was scientifically proved that medicinal plants containing such biologically active compounds as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, euglobals, terpenoid and phenolic components of essential oils, saponins, carotenoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides are useful for otorhinolaryngology. The active substances of the mentioned chemical groups in combination can provide antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, regenerating, antihistamine, adaptogenic and immunomodulatory effects. Conclusion. The expediency of using medicinal herbal preparations containing euglobals, monoterpene phenols, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids of essential oils, saponins, alkaloids and polysaccharides in otorhinolaryngological practice was scientifically justified.

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

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