scholarly journals Neuromuscular taping application in counter movement jump: biomechanical insight in a group of healthy basketball players

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Marcolin ◽  
Alessandro Buriani ◽  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
David Blow ◽  
Davide Grigoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Negative Effect

Kinesiologic elastic tape is widely used for both clinical and sport applications although its efficacy in enhancing agonistic performance is still controversial. Aim of the study was to verify in a group of healthy basketball players whether a neuromuscular taping application (NMT) on ankle and knee joints could affect the kinematic and the kinetic parameters of the jump, either by enhancing or inhibiting the functional performance. Fourteen healthy male basketball players without any ongoing pathologies at upper limbs, lower limbs and trunk volunteered in the study. They randomly performed 2 sets of 5 counter movement jumps (CMJ) with and without application of Kinesiologic tape. The best 3 jumps of each set were considered for the analysis. The Kinematics parameters analyzed were: knees maximal flexion and ankles maximal dorsiflexion during the push off phase, jump height and take off velocity. Vertical ground reaction force and maximal power expressed in the push off phase of the jump were also investigated. The NMT application in both knees and ankles showed no statistically significant differences in the kinematic and kinetic parameters and did not interfere with the CMJ performance. Bilateral NMT application in the group of healthy male basketball players did not change kinematics and kinetics jump parameters, thus suggesting that its routine use should have no negative effect on functional performance. Similarly, the combined application of the tape on both knees and ankles did not affect in either way jump performance.

scholarly journals Biomechanics of Lower Limbs during Walking among Candidates for Total Knee Arthroplasty with and without Low Back Pain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Burnett ◽  
Naira H. Campbell-Kyureghyan ◽  
Robert V. Topp ◽  
Peter M. Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Gait Symmetry ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The effect of joint pathologies, such as unilateral knee osteoarthritis (UKOA) or low back pain (LBP), on bilateral gait symmetry has gained increased attention during the past decade. This study is the first to compare gait patterns between patients with UKOA and LBP in combination and with UKOA only. Temporal, kinematic, and kinetic variables were measured bilaterally during gait stance phase in 31 subjects with UKOA and LBP (Group I) and 11 subjects with only UKOA (Group II). Group I patients exhibited less hip rotation in the affected limb (A) than in the nonaffected (NA) limb during walking in contrast to Group II patients. Group I patients had minimal bilateral differences in hip abduction and flexion, but Group II patients displayed significantly larger values in the NA limb compared to the A limb for both parameters. Hip flexion patterns were significantly different between Groups I and II. Subjects in both groups adapted gait patterns that minimized vertical ground reaction force, knee flexion motion, and stance time on the UKOA affected limb. The distinct kinematic gait patterns that were revealed in this study may provide clinical value for assessment of patients with UKOA in conjunction with LBP.

The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance: Age and Sex Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotini Arabatzi ◽  
Dimitrios Patikas ◽  
Andreas Zafeiridis ◽  
Konstantinos Giavroudis ◽  
Theodoros Kannas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Conditioning Stimulus ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Control ◽  
Age And Sex

This study examined the post-activation potentiation (PAP) effects on squat jump (SJ) performance and on peak rate of force development (RFDpeak) in preadolescent (10–12 y), adolescents (14–15 y) and adults (20–25 y) males and females. All participants performed a SJ with and without prior conditioning stimulus (PAP and control protocol, respectively), consisting of 3 × 3-second maximal isometric squats. Jump height and RFDpeak of the vertical ground reaction force during SJ were assessed before, and at 20 seconds and at 4 minutes following the conditioning stimulus. The results revealed a different pattern of age-effect on SJ performance within males and females. The RFDpeak significantly increased as a factor of age in both males and females (P < .05). Increase in SJ performance after conditioning stimulus occurred only in men (P < .05), with no effects in teen-males, boys, and female groups. There was a significant PAP effect on RFDpeak in both adult groups (P < .05) and teen-males, with no effects in children. In conclusion, the PAP effects on SJ performance and RFDpeak are age- and sex-dependent; that is PAP appears as a viable method for acutely enhancing SJ performance in men but not in pediatric population.

Enhanced Performance With Elastic Resistance During the Eccentric Phase of a Countermovement Jump

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saied Jalal Aboodarda ◽  
Ashril Yusof ◽  
N.A. Abu Osman ◽  
Martin W. Thompson ◽  
A. Halim Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infrared Cameras

Purpose:To identify the effect of additional elastic force on the kinetic and kinematic characteristics, as well as the magnitude of leg stiffness, during the performance of accentuated countermovement jumps (CMJs).Methods:Fifteen trained male subjects performed 3 types of CMJ including free CMJ (FCMJ; ie, body weight), ACMJ-20, and ACMJ-30 (ie, accentuated eccentric CMJ with downward tensile force equivalent to 20% and 30% body mass, respectively). A force platform synchronized with 6 high-speed infrared cameras was used to measure vertical ground-reaction force (VGRF) and displacement.Results:Using downward tensile force during the lowering phase of a CMJ and releasing the bands at the start of the concentric phase increased maximal concentric VGRF (6.34%), power output (23.21%), net impulse (16.65%), and jump height (9.52%) in ACMJ-30 compared with FCMJ (all P < .05). However, no significant difference was observed in the magnitude of leg stiffness between the 3 modes of jump. The results indicate that using downward recoil force of the elastic material during the eccentric phase of a CMJ could be an effective method to enhance jump performance by applying a greater eccentric loading on the parallel and series elastic components coupled with the release of stored elastic energy.Conclusions:The importance of this finding is related to the proposition that power output, net impulse, takeoff velocity, and jump height are the key parameters for successful athletic performance, and any training method that improves impulse and power production may improve sports performance, particularly in jumping aspects of sport.

scholarly journals Acute fatigue effects on ground reaction force of lower limbs during countermovement jumps

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-745
Author(s):  
Carlos Gabriel Fábrica ◽  
Paula V. González ◽  
Jefferson Fagundes Loss
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
External Work ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
The Relationship

Parameters associated with the performance of countermovement jumps were identified from vertical ground reaction force recordings during fatigue and resting conditions. Fourteen variables were defined, dividing the vertical ground reaction force into negative and positive external working times and times in which the vertical ground reaction force values were lower and higher than the participant's body weight. We attempted to explain parameter variations by considering the relationship between the set of contractile and elastic components of the lower limbs. We determined that jumping performance is based on impulsion optimization and not on instantaneous ground reaction force value: the time in which the ground reaction force was lower than the body weight, and negative external work time was lower under fatigue. The results suggest that, during fatigue, there is less contribution from elastic energy and from overall active state. However, the participation of contractile elements could partially compensate for the worsening of jumping performance.

Effects of an Uphill Marathon on Running Mechanics and Lower-Limb Muscle Fatigue

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Giovanelli ◽  
Paolo Taboga ◽  
Enrico Rejc ◽  
Bostjan Simunic ◽  
Guglielmo Antonutto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Running Mechanics

Purpose:To investigate the effects of an uphill marathon (43 km, 3063-m elevation gain) on running mechanics and neuromuscular fatigue in lower-limb muscles.Methods:Maximal mechanical power of lower limbs (MMP), temporal tensiomyographic (TMG) parameters, and muscle-belly displacement (Dm) were determined in the vastus lateralis muscle before and after the competition in 18 runners (age 42.8 ± 9.9 y, body mass 70.1 ± 7.3 kg, maximal oxygen uptake 55.5 ± 7.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1). Contact (tc) and aerial (ta) times, step frequency (f), and running velocity (v) were measured at 3, 14, and 30 km and after the finish line (POST). Peak vertical ground-reaction force (Fmax), vertical displacement of the center of mass (Δz), leg-length change (ΔL), and vertical (kvert) and leg (kleg) stiffness were calculated.Results:MMP was inversely related with race time (r = –.56, P = .016), tc (r = –.61, P = .008), and Δz (r = –.57, P = .012) and directly related with Fmax (r = .59, P = .010), ta (r = .48, P = .040), and kvert (r = .51, P = .027). In the fastest subgroup (n = 9) the following parameters were lower in POST (P < .05) than at km 3: ta (–14.1% ± 17.8%), Fmax (–6.2% ± 6.4%), kvert (–17.5% ± 17.2%), and kleg (–11.4% ± 10.9%). The slowest subgroup (n = 9) showed changes (P < .05) at km 30 and POST in Fmax (–5.5% ± 4.9% and –5.3% ± 4.1%), ta (–20.5% ± 16.2% and –21.5% ± 14.4%), tc (5.5% ± 7.5% and 3.2% ± 5.2%), kvert (–14.0% ± 12.8% and –11.8% ± 10.0%), and kleg (–8.9% ± 11.5% and –11.9% ± 12%). TMG temporal parameters decreased in all runners (–27.35% ± 18.0%, P < .001), while Dm increased (24.0% ± 35.0%, P = .005), showing lower-limb stiffness and higher muscle sensibility to the electrical stimulus.Conclusions:Greater MMP was related with smaller changes in running mechanics induced by fatigue. Thus, lower-limb power training could improve running performance in uphill marathons.

scholarly journals Variable Heights Influence Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Reactive Strength Index during Drop Jump: An Experimental Study of Male High Jumpers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zehao Tong ◽  
Feng Zhai ◽  
Hang Xu ◽  
Wenjia Chen ◽  
Jiesheng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

Introduction. This study finds the lower limbs’ reactive strength index and biomechanical parameters on variable heights. Objective. This research aims to reveal the effects of drop height on lower limbs’ reactive strength index and biomechanical parameters. Methods. Two AMTI force platforms and Vicon motion capture system were used to collect kinematic and dynamic signals of the lower limbs. Results. The drop height had significant effects on peak vertical ground reaction force and peak vertical ground reaction force in the extension phase, lower limbs’ support moment, eccentric power of the hip joint, eccentric power of the knee joint, eccentric power of the ankle joint, and concentric power of the hip joint. The drop height had no significant effects on the reactive strength index. Reactive strength index (RSI) had no significant correlations with the personal best of high jumpers. The optimal loading height for the maximum reactive strength index was 0.45 m. Conclusion. The optimal loading height for the reactive strength index can be used for explosive power training and lower extremity injury prevention.

Muscle performance during maximal isometric and dynamic contractions is influenced by the stiffness of the tendinous structures

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 986-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Bojsen-Møller ◽  
S. Peter Magnusson ◽  
Lars Raundahl Rasmussen ◽  
Michael Kjaer ◽  
Per Aagaard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Muscle Actions ◽  
Squat Jumps

Contractile force is transmitted to the skeleton through tendons and aponeuroses, and, although it is appreciated that the mechanocharacteristics of these tissues play an important role for movement performance with respect to energy storage, the association between tendon mechanical properties and the contractile muscle output during high-force movement tasks remains elusive. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between the mechanical properties of the connective tissue and muscle performance in maximal isometric and dynamic muscle actions. Sixteen trained men participated in the study. The mechanical properties of the vastus lateralis tendon-aponeurosis complex were assessed by ultrasonography. Maximal isometric knee extensor force and rate of torque development (RTD) were determined. Dynamic performance was assessed by maximal squat jumps and countermovement jumps on a force plate. From the vertical ground reaction force, maximal jump height, jump power, and force-/velocity-related determinants of jump performance were obtained. RTD was positively related to the stiffness of the tendinous structures ( r = 0.55, P < 0.05), indicating that tendon mechanical properties may account for up to 30% of the variance in RTD. A correlation was observed between stiffness and maximal jump height in squat jumps and countermovement jumps ( r = 0.64, P < 0.05 and r = 0.55, P < 0.05). Power, force, and velocity parameters obtained during the jumps were significantly correlated to tendon stiffness. These data indicate that muscle output in high-force isometric and dynamic muscle actions is positively related to the stiffness of the tendinous structures, possibly by means of a more effective force transmission from the contractile elements to the bone.

Lower Limb Kinematic and Kinetic Differences between Transtibial Amputee Fallers and Non-Fallers

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Vanicek ◽  
Siobhan Catherine Strike ◽  
Lars McNaughton ◽  
Remco Polman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Transtibial Amputee ◽  
Transtibial Amputees

Stair walking relies on concentric contraction of the ankle plantarflexor and knee extensor muscles, which are either absent or weakened in transtibial amputees. As a result the risk of falling is increased in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the gait patterns of transtibial amputee fallers and non-fallers during stair ascent. Eleven participants (fallers = 6; non-fallers = 5) walked along a 3-m walkway and ascended a three-step staircase with handrails, at their self-selected pace, while three-dimensional kinematic data were collected from the lower limbs. A force plate was embedded into the first step and kinetic data were measured for the intact lead limb only. The fallers walked significantly faster (p = 0.00) and exhibited less hip flexion (p = 0.05) and less anterior pelvic tilt (p = 0.04) compared to the non-fallers. The fallers had significantly greater first and second peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) on the intact limb than the non-fallers (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01, respectively) contributing to the significantly larger ankle (p = 0.02) and hip moments (p = 0.04). These findings suggested the amputee non-fallers performed mechanically demanding tasks more cautiously. Two of the participants self-selected a ‘step to’ gait pattem, ascending one step at a time. This may be considered a compensatory mechanism for the lack of ankle mobility and functional muscle performance in these two transtibial amputees.

scholarly journals Isokinetic Strength, Vertical Jump Performance, and Strength Differences in First Line Professional Firefighters Competing in Fire Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3448
Author(s):  
Petr Miratsky ◽  
Tomas Gryc ◽  
Lee Cabell ◽  
Frantisek Zahalka ◽  
Matej Brozka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
First Line ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
In Fire

The purpose of our study was to investigate peak torque (PT) of knee extensors (KE) and knee flexors (KF), bilateral and unilateral strength asymmetries in isokinetic testing and vertical jump height (JH), vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), and force differences (ΔVGRF) between legs during different jump tests in professional first-line firefighters (n = 15) competing in fire sports disciplines. There was a significant effect of jump type on JH (F2,44 = 7.23, p < 0.05), VGRF (F2,44 = 16.03, p < 0.05), and ΔVGRF (F2,44 = 3.45, p < 0.05). Professional firefighters achieved a mean JH of 50.17 cm in the countermovement jump free arms and high PT of KEs (3.15 Nm/kg). No significant differences (p > 0.05) and small effect sizes (d < 0.3) were found between the legs when PTs were assessed. We found a slightly higher (d = 0.53) unilateral strength ratio in non-dominant legs (58.12 ± 10.26%) compared to dominant legs (55.31 ± 7.51%). No effect of laterality was found among limb comparisons, but a higher unilateral isokinetic strength ratio was found in non-dominant legs of firefighters. A high level of strength (PT of KEs > 3 times body weight) and vertical jump performance is comparable to the performance of elite athletic populations.

scholarly journals Thigh Muscle Activity, Knee Motion, and Impact Force During Side-Step Pivoting in Agility-Trained Female Basketball Players

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Wilderman ◽  
Scott E. Ross ◽  
Darin A. Padua
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Vertical Ground

Abstract Context: Improving neuromuscular control of hamstrings muscles might have implications for decreasing anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females. Objective: To examine the effects of a 6-week agility training program on quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation, knee flexion angles, and peak vertical ground reaction force. Design: Prospective, randomized clinical research trial. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty female intramural basketball players with no history of knee injury (age  =  21.07 ± 2.82 years, height  =  171.27 ± 4.66 cm, mass  =  66.36 ± 7.41 kg). Intervention(s): Participants were assigned to an agility training group or a control group that did not participate in agility training. Participants in the agility training group trained 4 times per week for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used surface electromyography to assess muscle activation for the rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, medial hamstrings, and lateral hamstrings for 50 milliseconds before initial ground contact and while the foot was in contact with the ground during a side-step pivot maneuver. Knee flexion angles (at initial ground contact, maximum knee flexion, knee flexion displacement) and peak vertical ground reaction force also were assessed during this maneuver. Results: Participants in the training group increased medial hamstrings activation during ground contact after the 6-week agility training program. Both groups decreased their vastus medialis oblique muscle activation during ground contact. Knee flexion angles and peak vertical ground reaction force did not change for either group. Conclusions: Agility training improved medial hamstrings activity in female intramural basketball players during a side-step pivot maneuver. Agility training that improves hamstrings activity might have implications for reducing anterior cruciate ligament sprain injury associated with side-step pivots.

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