scholarly journals Screening of halotolerant microfungi isolated from hypersaline soils of Algerian Sahara for production of hydrolytic enzymes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassila Dendouga ◽  
Mohamed Belhamra
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Salt Lakes ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Algerian Sahara ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The Algerian Sahara contains numerous hypersaline ecosystems including salt lakes in which the fungal diversity has not been characterized. The abundance and diversity of soil microofungi in three salt lakes in southeastern Algeria was investigated together with their profiles of hydrolytic enzyme. Fungal population size and relative abundance were determined in about 75 soil samples by plate count. From 69 fungal isolates, 46.38% were Aspergillus, 20.29% were Penicillium and 11.59% belonging to Cladosporium genus. The sixty-nine isolates have been studied at different constant temperatures and salinities. All fungal isolates are halotolerant or halophiles with the ability to grow at 50°C. The screening for extracellular halophilic enzymes at 40°C showed that 69.57% of the isolates were able to produce at least two types of the screened enzymes. Protease was the most abundant enzyme detected in 60.87% of the total isolates. The results obtained of all the growth tests indicate the adaptability of fungal isolates tested to the extreme conditions and their possible utilisation as producers of halophilic-active hydrolytic enzymes.

scholarly journals The 16S rRNA Analysis and Enzyme Screening of Bacillus from Rhizosphere Soil of Lombok Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-590
Author(s):  
Tri Ratna Sulistiyani ◽  
Mia Kusmiati ◽  
Gita Azizah Putri
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Lombok Island

Bacillus are commonly found in nature, especially in soil and food. It has the ability to produce bioactive compounds as well as the enzyme. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and screen their enzyme activities. Four soil samples from Mandalika, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), were used for isolation. Bacillus was isolated using the heat-shock method and characterized through Gram staining, endospore staining, and morphological phenotype. Bacillus identification was conducted based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The hydrolytic enzyme activities were checked qualitatively using selective media, and the enzyme tested including amylase, galactosidase, lipase, protease, and cellulase. As many as twenty-two bacteria isolates were obtained from four soil samples and represented 15 distinct species. The member of bacteria genera successfully identified, consisted of Bacillus sp., Brevibacillus sp., and Fictibacillus sp. Bacillus sp. was the most isolated. Some of the isolated bacteria have the ability to produce lipase, protease, and cellulase that potential to be used in biotechnology processes.   Keywords: Bacillus, hydrolytic enzymes, identification, screening

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Confirmation of Four Undescribed Oleaginous Species of Mortierella from Libya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzia Elfituri Muftah Eltariki ◽  
Kartikeya Tiwari ◽  
Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Single Cell Oil ◽  
North East ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
First Time

Abstract A large number of undiscovered fungal species still exist on earth, which can be useful for the bioprospecting particularly the single cell oil (SCO) production. The present research study confirms four oleaginous fungal isolates from Libyan soil. These isolates (Barcoded as MSU-101, MSU-201, MSU-401 and MSU-501) were discovered and reported first time from diverse soil samples of district Aljabal Al-Akhdar in North-East Libya and fall in the class: Zygomycetes; order: Mortierellales. From the morphological and phylogenetic analysis, these isolates were identified and found as closest match with Mortierella alpina species. The present research study provides insight to the unseen fungal diversity and contributes to more comprehensive Mortierella alpina reference collections worldwide.

scholarly journals Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production by proteolytic bacteria from the Antarctic

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Tropeano ◽  
Susana Vázquez ◽  
Silvia Coria ◽  
Adrián Turjanski ◽  
Daniel Cicero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Potter Cove ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dna Restriction

AbstractCold−adapted marine bacteria producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes are important for their industrial application and play a key role in degradation of particulate organic matter in their natural environment. In this work, members of a previously−obtained protease−producing bacterial collection isolated from different marine sources from Potter Cove (King George Island, South Shetlands) were taxonomically identified and screened for their ability to produce other economically relevant enzymes. Eighty−eight proteolytic bacterial isolates were grouped into 25 phylotypes based on their Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis profiles. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes from representative isolates of the phylotypes showed that the predominant culturable protease−producing bacteria belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria and were affiliated to the genera Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Colwellia, and Pseudoalteromonas, the latter being the predominant group (64% of isolates). In addition, members of the classes Actinobacteria, Bacilli and Flavobacteria were found. Among the 88 isolates screened we detected producers of amylases (21), pectinases (67), cellulases (53), CM−cellulases (68), xylanases (55) and agarases (57). More than 85% of the isolates showed at least one of the extracellular enzymatic activities tested, with some of them producing up to six extracellular enzymes. Our results confirmed that using selective conditions to isolate producers of one extracellular enzyme activity increases the probability of recovering bacteria that will also produce additional extracellular enzymes. This finding establishes a starting point for future programs oriented to the prospecting for biomolecules in Antarctica.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals Fungal Population and Physicochemical Characteristics of Abattoir-Impacted Soil in Iwofe, Rivers State

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Williams, Janet Olufunmilayo ◽  
Owhorji, Gloria
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: To determine the fungal population and physicochemistry of abattoir impacted soil in Iwofe, Rivers State. Study Design: This study focused on Abattoir impacted soil. Statistical analysis of data and interpretation was carried out. Place and Duration of Study: Abattoir impacted soil was collected from three points in an abattoir located in Iwofe, Rivers State while the unpolluted soil which served as control was collected from the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt in January, 2021. Methodology: Standard microbiological techniques were used: the fungal population was determined by inoculating aliquots of an appropriate dilution resulting from a ten-fold serial dilution on prepared Sabouraud dextrose agar plates in duplicates. Plates were later incubated for 3-5 days after which colonies were enumerated and used in obtaining the fungal population in the soil samples while distinct colonies were subcultured for macroscopic and microscopic identification of fungi. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analyzed using standard methods. Results: Fungal load in the control and abattoir impacted soil were 1.09×105 and 3.9×104 CFU/g, respectively. The fungal load of the control soil was significantly higher (P˂0.05) than the abattoir impacted soil. The fungal isolates identified in the abattoir impacted soil were Microsporium sp, Aspergillus niger and Candida sp while Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp, Mucor sp and Rhizopus sp were identified from the control soil. The pH, temperature, nitrate and phosphate of the abattoir soil were 6.7, 28.33℃, 27.83(mgKg-1) and 1055(mgKg-1), respectively. The concentrations of Cadmium, Iron and Lead in the abattoir Impacted soil and control soil were 0.81, 563.35 and 7.12 mgKg-1, 0.51, 582.0 and 3.18 mgKg-1, respectively. The physico chemistry and heavy metals in the abattoir soil were within acceptable limits. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that heavy metals in abattoir impacted soil had an impact in the fungal population which led to the isolation of only three fungal isolates belonging to Microsporium sp, Candida sp and Aspergillus niger. More so, despite the presence of heavy metals in the abattoir impacted soil, the metals were all within permissible limits. Thus, the abattoir impacted soil was not heavily polluted.

scholarly journals Fungal diversity in high Andean ecuadorian forest soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Valdez ◽  
Sergio Covarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Gallery Forest ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
The Andes

The Andes range in Ecuador presents high biodiversity and characteristic altitudinal gradients, which are frequently threatened by deforestation and farming. In particular, forest have developed in the high inter-Andean alley on volcanic soils forming a unique ecoregion. Little is known on the fungal biodiversity of soil in such high Andean gallery forest submitted to strong degradation pressures. Therefore, in this study we evaluated wether the soil mycobiome was associated with altitudinal gradients during the dry season. Three representative locations were selected based on altitude: A (3,309 meters above the sea level, masl), B (3,809 masl) and C (4,409 masl). High performance sequencing (NGS) of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA genes with Illumina technology was used to explore the fungal taxonomic composition in the soil samples. Our results showed changes in the structure of fungal communities in the different locations, related to the relative abundance of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV). Higher fungal diversity was related with the altitudinal gradient with average taxa ranging from 675, 626 and 556 ASVs, respectively from location A to C. The results highlight the complexity and diversity of fungal communities in high Andean forest and the need to protect these unique mycobiomes. The findings in this ecosystem of Ecuador will improve our understanding of distribution, diversity, ecology, and biological perspectives for the restoration of terrestrial microbiomes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT POPULASI JAMUR TANAH DI LAHAN PERTANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.) BERDASARKAN METODE TOTAL PLATE COUNT (TPC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Windha Arantika ◽  
Stella D. Umboh ◽  
Johanis J. Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Potato Field ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Total Plate Count

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat populasi jamur tanah di lahan pertanaman kentang (S. tuberosum L.). Sampel tanah diambil di perkebunan tanaman kentang Desa Pinasungkulan Kecamatan Modoinding yang banyak menggunakan pestisida. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengisolasi jamur pada tanah di pertanaman kentang di Desa Pinasungkulan, Kecamatan Modoinding, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan dengan pengenceran bertingkat dan dilanjutkan dengan menghitung jumlah koloni dengan metode Total Plate Count (TPC). Dari hasil isolasi diperoleh 6 famili dengan 11 jenis jamur tanah yang memiliki koloni terbesar pada isolat KJ1 sebesar 71 koloni dan terendah pada isolat KJ8, KJ10, dan KJ 11 masing-masing sebesar 2 koloni.Kata kunci: Tanaman kentang, jamur tanah, tingkat populasi, Total Plate Count (TPC) ANALYSIS OF SOIL FUNGUS POPULATION LEVELS  IN POTATO PLANTS (Solanum tuberosum L.) BASED ON TOTAL PLATE COUNT (TPC) METHODSABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine the level of soil fungus population on potato planting land (S. tuberosum L.). Soil samples were taken at a potato field plantation in Pinasungkulan Village, Modoinding Subdistrict, which used many pesticides. This research was carried out by isolating fungi on soil in potato plantations in Pinasungkulan Village, Modoinding District, South Minahasa Regency with multilevel dilution and continued by counting the number of colonies using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The result showed that the isolation obtained 6 families with 11 types of soil fungi that have the largest colony in KJ1 isolates of 71 colonies and the lowest in isolates KJ8, KJ10, and KJ 11 of 2 colonies respectively.Keywords: Potato plants, soil fungi, population level, Total Plate Count (TPC)

Change in hydrolytic enzyme efficiency over time

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Dominika Szadkowska
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Commercial Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Efficiency ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Over Time

Change in hydrolytic enzyme efficiency over time. The purpose of this study was to determine the action of hydrolytic enzymes (by Dyadic Cellulase CP CONC, and the Dyadic Xylanase 2 XP CONC) over time. Chromatographic analysis of holocellulose samples subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis was performed. The following hydrolysis parameters were used: time 48h, temperature 45 ⁰C, acetate buffer pH 5.4, commercial enzymes Dyadic. Holocellulose extracted by the sodium chlorite method from white poplar wood (Populus alba L.) was used. The final yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was determined. The results of hydrolysis performed at intervals were compared. The results obtained show that the hydrolysis yield of holocellulose after five months decreased by 40 p.p. for glucose yield and by 25 p.p. for xylose yield. The yield for glucose after two and a half years decreases by 68 p.p. and 62 p.p. for xylose compared to the initial yield.

Abundance, diversity and mobility potential of antibiotic resistance genes in pristine Tibetan Plateau soil as revealed by soil metagenomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Zeng Chen ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yongqin Liu ◽  
Tao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

ABSTRACT Widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become an important clinical issue. Studying ARGs in pristine soil environments can help to better understand the intrinsic soil resistome. In this study, 10 soil samples were collected from a high elevation and relatively pristine Tibetan area, and metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to investigate the microbial diversity, the abundance and diversity of ARGs and the mobility potential of ARGs as indicated by different mobile genetic elements (MGEs). A total of 48 ARG types with a relative abundance of 0.05–0.28 copies of ARG/copy of 16S rRNA genes were detected in Tibetan soil samples. The observed ARGs were mainly associated with antibiotics that included glycopeptide and rifamycin; the most abundant ARGs were vanRO and vanSO. Low abundance of MGEs and potentially plasmid-related ARGs indicated a low horizontal gene transfer risk of ARGs in the pristine soil. Pearson correlation and redundancy analyses showed that temperature and total organic carbon were the major environmental factors controlling both microbial diversity and ARG abundance and diversity.

scholarly journals New plectosphaerellaceous species from Dutch garden soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Giraldo ◽  
Margarita Hernández-Restrepo ◽  
Pedro W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Science Project ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
University Museum ◽  
Citizen Science Project

Abstract During 2017, the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI) and the Utrecht University Museum launched a Citizen Science project. Dutch school children collected soil samples from gardens at different localities in the Netherlands, and submitted them to the WI where they were analysed in order to find new fungal species. Around 3000 fungal isolates, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, were cultured, preserved and submitted for DNA sequencing. Through analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates, several plectosphaerellaceous fungi were identified for further study. Based on morphological characters and the combined analysis of the ITS and TEF1-α sequences, some isolates were found to represent new species in the genera Phialoparvum, i.e. Ph. maaspleinense and Ph. rietveltiae, and Plectosphaerella, i.e. Pl. hanneae and Pl. verschoorii, which are described and illustrated here.

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