scholarly journals Influence of density on intraguild predation of aquatic Hemiptera (Heteroptera): implications in biological control of mosquito

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Brahma ◽  
G. Aditya ◽  
D. Sharma ◽  
N. Saha ◽  
M. Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predator System ◽  
Water Bugs

The water bugs <em>Diplonychus rusticus</em> (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) and <em>Anisops bouvieri</em> (Kirkaldy) (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) co-occur in wetlands sharing mosquito larvae as prey. As a consequence, an asymmetrical intraguild predation (IGP) involving D. rusticus as IG predator and <em>A. bouvieri</em> as IG prey can be possible, the outcome of which may vary with the relative density of interacting species. Based on this proposition density dependent effects on the IG prey and shared prey mortality were assessed in the laboratory using varying numbers of IG predator and shared prey (IV instar <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> larva). In contrast to single predator system, mosquito larvae were proportionately less vulnerable to predation in IGP, at low density of shared prey. An increase in density of mosquito decreased the mortality of IG prey (<em>A. bouvieri</em>), but the mean mortality of the IG prey increased with the density of IG predator, in IGP system. Increase in density of mosquito and <em>D. rusticus</em> enhanced risk to predation of mosquito while reducing the mortality of <em>A. bouvieri</em>. Interaction between <em>D.</em> <em>rusticus</em> and <em>A. bouvieri</em> as a part of IGP system provides a possible reason of coexistence of mosquito immature along with predators in wetlands. Biological regulation of mosquitoes may be affected, if appropriate predator numbers are not available in the habitats.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the predation rates of Anisops breddini (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) feeding on mosquito larvae

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Weterings ◽  
K.C. Vetter ◽  
C. Umponstira
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Predator Density ◽  
Water Bugs ◽  
Predation Rates

Notonectidae are a family of water bugs that are known to be important predators of mosquito larvae and have great potential in the biological control of vector mosquitoes. An experiment was conducted to assess mosquito larvae predation by <em>Anisops</em> <em>breddini</em>, a species common to Southeast Asia. The predation rates were recorded in context of prey density, predator density, predator size and prey type. Predation rates were strongly affected by prey type and less by prey density and predator density. They ranged between 1.2 prey items per day for pupae of <em>Aedes</em> <em>aegeypti</em> and <em>Armigeres</em> <em>moultoni</em> to 5.9 for <em>Ae</em>. <em>aegypti</em> larvae. Compared with studies on other Notonectidae species, the predation rates appear low, which is probably caused by the relative small size of the specimens used in this study. <em>An</em>. <em>breddini</em> is very common in the region and often found in urban areas; therefore, the species has potential as a biological control agent.

scholarly journals Alternative prey influence the predation of mosquito larvae by three water bug species (Heteroptera: Nepidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Nabaneeta Saha ◽  
Malini Kundu ◽  
Goutam K. Saha ◽  
Gautam Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Conservation Biological Control ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Generalist Insect ◽  
Water Bugs

AbstractThe indirect interactions among multiple prey sharing a common predator characterize apparent competition. In conservation biological control involving mosquitoes and controphic prey against generalist insect predators, apparent competition may be a crucial factor determining the extent of success. The possible influence of apparent competition on mosquito prey consumption by three water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepidae): Ranatra elongata, Ranatra filiformis, and Laccotrephes griseus was assessed under laboratory conditions. Tadpoles (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), chironomid larvae, snails (Racesina luteola) and fish fingerlings (Labeo rohita) were considered as alternative prey under two prey or multi prey conditions against instar IV larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus as target prey. Under two prey conditions all the predators exhibited a preference (significant Manly’s α) for mosquito larvae, against fish fingerlings by R. filiformis. In the presence of multiple prey, mosquito larvae were selected by the predators. Using the ratio of mosquito selectivity in two prey and multi-prey conditions as a measure of apparent competition, chironomid larvae had greatest effect in suppressing mosquito selectivity for R. elongata, and fish fingerlings for R. filiformis and L. griseus. It seems that the prey preference of R. elongata, R. filiformis and L. griseus may differentially evoke apparent competition among the prey. In the aquatic community where these predators and prey coexist, mosquito larvae may benefit from apparent competition that reduces their vulnerability to predators. The identity of the alternative prey appears to be an important factor for shielding the vulnerability of mosquito prey to the generalist insect predators.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Lavkush Kumar Brahman ◽  
Ramesh Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Larvivorous Fish ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Significant Difference

Local larvivorous fish <em>Aphanius dispar</em> has potential for regulating vector mosquitoes. The consumption of larvae of the mosquito <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> Say (Diptera: Culicidae) by <em>Rasbora daniconius, Puntius ticto</em> and <em>Puntius conchonius</em> was evaluated in the presence of different prey densities under simple habitat conditions. The number of mosquito larvae consumed in fresh and ditch water at three seasons was observed. Only third and fourth instars of Culex larvae were used on a particular prey density of 1 to 10 (increase 100). The maximum and minimum value of larvae eating per day in ditch and fresh water were observed to 267 to 876 and 277 to 880 respectively. The comparisons for the pair using Tukey-Kramer HSD indicated the fact that there was non-significant difference. The respective mean values in fresh and ditch water were observed 525 and 493 respectively. The analysis of water (ditch and fresh) was nonsignificant (F = 1.0116). <em>Rasbora daniconius</em> species of fish played a dominating role in eating the <em>Culex</em> larvae in ditch and fresh water.

A multicenter prospective hospital-based cohort study on the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Shehab ◽  
Asim Ahmed Elnour ◽  
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽  
Joseph Pulavelil Kurian ◽  
Gazi Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Onset

Aims: We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin 4 mg in a population of people living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Background: Pitavastatin is a member of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors family which was approved for use in adult subjects with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia. To date, no published studies have assessed the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in the United Arab Emirates. Objective: The main objective of the current study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of pitavastatin in subjects with dyslipidemia for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases based on total cardiovascular risk. Methods: This was a multicentre (four private hospitals) prospective cohort study to analyze data on the use of pitavastatin for dyslipidemia in adult outpatients in Abu Dhabi and Dubai emirates, United Arab Emirates. We have followed-up the clinical profiles of subjects in four hospitals for six-weeks during the period from June 2015 to June 2017. Efficacy was based on the evaluation of the mean (± standard deviation) change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between baseline and week six after the initiation of pitavastatin therapy. Safety was reported as the incidence of adverse events occurred with the use of pitavastatin and the development of new-onset diabetes. Results: A total of 400 subjects who were receiving pitavastatin 4 mg were included. The mean age of subjects was 50.7 ±10.8 years, of these 79.0% were males. At the baseline, the mean level of total cholesterol was 185.4 ±41.5 mg/dL, low density lipoprotein was 154.9 ±48.55 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 40.5 ±11.23 mg/dL and fasting blood glucose was 115.0 (±16.63) mg/dl. At the end of six weeks, low density lipoprotein levels significantly decreased to 112.09 ±41.90 mg/dl (standard mean difference [SMD] (-42.8%), 95% CI: -42.88 [-49.17 to -36.58] mg/dl, P <0.001), while high density lipoprotein levels improved (SMD, 95% CI: 1.77% [0.25 to 3.28] mg/dl, P <0.022). There were 55 subjects (13.7%) reported various adverse events such as myalgia (7.5%), sleep disorders (2.5%), and myopathy (2.2%). Furthermore, 4 (1.0%) have had developed new-onset diabetes post six-weeks of initiation of pitavastatin therapy. Conclusion: Pitavastatin 4 mg had howed robust efficacy in reducing LDL-C levels and improving HDL-C levels in subjects with dyslipidemias. The use of pitavastatin was associated with a low discontinuation rate, fewer adverse events, and very limited cases of new-onset diabetes.

scholarly journals Biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatuson Anastrepha fraterculus larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrise Medeiros Nunes ◽  
Dori Edson Nava ◽  
Fernanda Appel Müller ◽  
Rafael da Silva Gonçalves ◽  
Mauro Silveira Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasitoid Development

The objective of this work was to study the biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatus on larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus. The egg-adult period, the sex ratio, the longevity, the pupal viability, and the parasitism rate of D. areolatus were determined in laboratory, using A. fraterculus as host. The parasitoid development from oviposition to adult emergence required 25.00±1.70 days, the sex ratio was 0.62±0.09, and the mean longevity was 16.36±3.62 days for males and 10.24±1.71 days for females. The mean parasitism rate was 53.50±8.93%, varying from 41.60 to 68.60%, which shows the potential of this parasitoid for biological control of A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals Effect of Whole Quail (Coturnix japonica) Egg Consumption on some Reproductive Parameters and Lipid Profile of Male Albino Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie N. OKOYE ◽  
Samuel O. EKERE ◽  
Onyinyechukwu A. AGINA ◽  
Ikechukwu J. UDEANI ◽  
Chukwunonso K. EZEASOR
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

The present study evaluated the effect of whole egg consumption on the liver, testes, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and lipid profile of male rats. These evaluations were carried out on adult twenty (20) male albino rats, which were randomly selected into four groups of 5 rats each, designated groups A, B, C and D. Group A was the control group and received only equivalent volume of distilled water, while groups B, C and D received 0.25mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg; and 1.0mg/kg body weight of the quail egg respectively. Standard procedures were carried out in the tissue processing, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and in lipid profile determinations. On days 35 and 49, the mean serum total cholesterol value of group D was significantly lower than that of the control group. On day 35, the mean serum low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL cholesterol) values of all the treatment groups were significantly lower and higher than that of the control group, respectively. However, on days 49 and 63, the mean serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL cholesterol) and triglyceride values of all the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. A significant increase in cadual epididymal sperm count (CESR) was recorded on day 63 at the mid and high doses. No obvious pathological lesions were observed in the histomorphology of the testes and liver when compared to the control. Therefore, whole quail egg consumption caused an increase in serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentration, and also improved fertility. In other words, prolonged consumption of quail egg should be done with caution as it may predispose one to cardiovascular disease.

Organophosphorus insecticide resistance in a new strain of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tanga, Tanzania

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khayrandish ◽  
R.J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Resistance Allele ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
The Mean

AbstractFourth instar larvae of a new strain of Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Tanzania (TANGA) were tested for insecticide resistance. Initially, the resistance ratio (RR) to chlorpyrifos was 41.8, to temephos 30.8, to propoxur 3.7. After 2–3 years of laboratory culture, resistance to chlorpyrifos and propoxur had declined (chlorpyrifos 5.7, 3.8; propoxur 1.9, permethrin 1.9). Significant synergism was found between s, s, s-tributyl trithiophosphate (DEF) and chlorphyrifos, reducing the RR from 8.0 to 2.5. Synergism between piperonyl butoxide and permethrin was less than in a susceptible control strain. Twelve esterase isozymes of different relative mobilities (Rm) on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were identified, ten of which remained when the strain was reinvestigated two years (approximately 32 generations) later. Null activity for all but one of these bands was observed in some larvae. Four esterase bands (Rm 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.34, designated A2, A3, B2, B3) showed polymorphism in activity, with very intense bands in some larvae. The mean frequency of bands with activity greater than standard, declined as organophosphorus (OP) resistance declined, but resistance was unconnected with the frequency of nulls at these positions. In mass larval assays of in vitro sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to propoxur, the I50 exceeded 10x10−4M, compared with 0.1x10−4M in a reverted resistant strain (RANGOON). Single larvel assays revealed heterogeneity, which was interpreted on the basis of an AChE resistance allele (AceR) with a frequency of 0.23.

scholarly journals Daya Saing Kawin Nyamuk Jantan Steril (Culex quinquefasciatus) Skala Laboratorium: Studi Awal Penggunaan Teknik Serangga Mandul dalam Pengendalian Vektor Filariasis Limfatik di Kota Pekalongan

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Tri Ramadhani ◽  
Upik Kusuma Hadi ◽  
Susi Soviana ◽  
Zubaidah Irawati ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mating Competitiveness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Culex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of limfatic filariasis in Pekalongan City. Sterile Insect Tehnique could be an alternative vector control efforts to eliminate filariasis. The success of this technique is depend on the ability of laboratory-reared sterile males with the wild-type females. Indicator of SIT Aplication is determined by the value of the mating competitiveness and sterility to Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae). The design of the research is an experimental. Gamma irradiation on the pupae (age . 15 hours) with the  doses of 0 Gy, 60 Gy, 65 Gy,70 Gy, 75 Gy and 80 Gy in BATAN Jakarta.  Male mosquitoes which emerged from the pupa then matting with a normal female. This research observed the mean  of females laying eggs ,fecundity, fertility and  mating competitiveness. This experimental research was conducted in the laboratory and the data were analyzed by ANOVA.The result showed that irradiation at the trial doses had an effect on fertility of Culex quinquefasciatus, but not  had significant effect on  fecundity and mating competitiveness . A dose of 70 Gy is the optimum dose with a fertility rate of 1.8% (sterility 98.2%) and C indexs 0,568 can be recommended for futher  semi field assays. The number of sterile males were six times compared with the wild population to increase the chances of  mating with wild-type females.

scholarly journals Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with the incidence of preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
Intje S Dahlan ◽  
Mardiah Tahir ◽  
Efendi Lukas ◽  
St. Maisuri T Chalid
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hospital Department ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: to find out  the correlation between lipid profille at trimester II of pregnancy and the incidence.of preeclampsia Method : The research  was conducted in the Polyclinic of Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Medicine, and it network in Makassar city from March, 2015 through March, 2016. The research used was the prospective cohort design. Results : The examination of the lipid levels of 115 pregnant mothers, aged 24-28 weeks. The mothers were then observed whether they experienced preeclampsia up to the time they gave birth or not. In the end, 8 subjects (6.9%) experienced preeclampsia and 107 subjects (93.1%) have no preeclampsia. The statistical analyses used Fisher’s Exact test and Mann Whitney test. The research results indicated that the mean value of the total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) was higher in the preeclampsia group compared to the non-preeclampsia group: 267.37 ± 64.12 : 238 ± 37.98; 177.38 ± 55.38 : 157.24 ± 35.08 (p>0.05). The mean value of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) was lower in the preeclampsia group compared to the non-preeclampsia group: 64.75 ± 14.64 : 67.86 ± 16.72 (p>0,05). The mean value of trigliserida in preeclampsia group was significantly higher (19,5%) compared thanin the non-preeclampsia group: 260.12 ± 58.86 vs 209.14 ± 65.10 (p=0,027). Conclusion : The hypertrigliseridemia was correlated with the preeclampsia incidence. Keywords:preeclampsia, lipid profile, trimester II of pregnancy   Abstrak Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara profil lipid kehamilan trimester II dengan kejadian preeklamsia. Metode : Penelitian dilaksanakan di Poliklinik RS jejaring pendidikan Departemen Obstetri dan Ginekologi Fakulltas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanuddin dan Poliklinik Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak di beberapa Puskesmas Kota Makassar selama Maret 2015 sampai dengan Maret 2016. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah prospektif  kohort. Hasil: dari 115 ibu hamil dilakukan pemeriksaan  kadar lipid, 115 ibu hamil pada usia kehamilan 24 – 28 minggu, kemudian diamati apakah subyek mengalami preeklamsia hingga proses persalinan. Terdapat delapan subyek (6,9%) berkembang menjadi preeklampsia dan 107 subyek tidak preeklamsia. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji Fisher’s Exact dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai mean kolesterol total dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) lebih tinggi pada kelompok preeklampsia dibandingkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia, yaitu 267,37 ± 64,12 : 238,01 ± 37,98; 177,38 ± 55,38 : 157,24 ± 35,08 (p>0,05). Nilai mean High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) lebih rendah pada kelompok preeklamsia dibandingkan tidak preeklamsia yaitu 64,75 ± 14,64 : 67,86 ± 16,72 (p>0,05). Nilai mean trigli seri daripada kelompok preeklamsia secara signifikan lebih tinggi 19,5 % dibandingkan kelompok tidak preeklamsia, yaitu 260,12 ± 58,86 : 209,14 ± 65,10 (p=0,027). Kesimpulan : Hiper trigli seridemia berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklamsia. Kata kunci : preeklamsia, profil lipid, kehamilan trimester II    

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