scholarly journals Progression of COVID-19 under the highly restrictive measures imposed in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Luis Sagripanti ◽  
Daniel R. Aquilano
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Seasonal Component ◽  
Neighboring Country ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The variety and extent of non-pharmaceutical measures implemented by the government to control COVID-19 in Argentina were exceptional, making this country the best example to analyze the evolution of COVID-19 under the most stringent and longer-lasting restrictive policies- which included 119 days of strict nation-wide lock-down, 304 days of less restrictive lock-downs, and 35 days of curfews. Two of the three peaks of infection correlated with the germicidal solar flux received in Argentina, suggesting a seasonal component and a role for the virus persisting in the environment. A massive public gathering crowding the presidential square in Buenos Aires, during which nearly half of those present were without face masks, did not alter the infection curve in that city. Comparative epidemiological data (standardized per million inhabitants) shows that COVID-19 in Uruguay, a neighboring country whose capital is at a similar latitude than Buenos Aires and who did not mandate lock-downs or curfews, progressed much slower (until vaccination started) than in Argentina. The number of yearly deaths caused by respiratory diseases and influenza in Argentina before the pandemic was similar to the total number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 cumulated on April 25, 2021, more than a year after the pandemic started. The failure to detect any benefit on ameliorating COVID-19 by the long and strict nation-wide lock-downs in Argentina should raise world-wide concerns about mandating costly and ineffective restrictive measures during ongoing or future pandemics.

scholarly journals Progression of COVID-19 under the highly restrictive measures imposed in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Luis Sagripanti ◽  
Daniel R. Aquilano
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Seasonal Component ◽  
Neighboring Country ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Abstract The variety and extent of non-pharmaceutical measures implemented by the government to control COVID-19 in Argentina were exceptional, making this country the best example to analyze the evolution of COVID-19 under the most stringent and longer-lasting restrictive policies- which up to May 31st 2021 included 119 days of strict nation-wide lock-down, 304 days of less restrictive lock-downs, and 35 days of curfews. Two of the three peaks of infection correlated with the germicidal solar flux received in Argentina, suggesting a seasonal component and a role for the virus persisting in the environment. A massive public gathering crowding the presidential square in Buenos Aires, during which nearly half of those present were without face masks, did not alter the infection curve in that city. Comparative epidemiological data (standardized per million inhabitants) shows that COVID-19 in Uruguay, a neighboring country whose capital is at a similar latitude than Buenos Aires and who did not mandate lock-downs or curfews, progressed much slower (until vaccination started) than in Argentina. The number of yearly deaths caused by respiratory diseases and influenza in Argentina before the pandemic was similar to the total number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 cumulated on April 25, 2021, more than a year after the pandemic started. The failure to detect any benefit on ameliorating COVID-19 by the long and strict nation-wide lock-downs in Argentina should raise world-wide concerns about mandating costly and ineffective restrictive measures during ongoing or future pandemics

Export of vegetable oil is the driver of the agro-industrial complex economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
Sandzhi V. Koteev ◽  
Vladimir V. Rau ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The growth in the production of vegetable oils in recent years has created an opportunity to increase their exports. Exports in 2020 increased in all major groups of goods that Russia supplies abroad: grain, fat and oil, meat and dairy products, as well as food and processing industry products. Foreign supplies of fat and oil products increased by 12%, to 8.1 million tons, in physical terms and by 22%, to $ 5 billion, in monetary terms. The growth was provided primarily by the export of sunflower oil, of which 3.7 million tons (+ 19%) were shipped for $ 2.8 billion (+ 28%). Sales were particularly strong in the first half of 2020 after a record sunflower harvest in 2019. In 2020, foreign exchange earnings from the export of sunflower and rapeseed oils could have been higher, if not for the restrictive measures taken by the government. Foreign exchange earnings from the export of vegetable oils from Russia can be significantly increased by reducing the sale of oilseeds. At the same time, additional jobs can be created in Russia, and most importantly, the most valuable by-product (meal) will remain to ensure livestock breeding in the country. This requires the modernization of the material and technical base of the processing industry and the restoration of domestic seed production of oilseeds.

Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever Occurrence and Recurrence in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Umar Abdullahi Tawfiq ◽  
◽  
Shohaimi Shamarina ◽  
Syafinaz Amin Nordin ◽  
Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
At Home

Typhoid is a life-threatening disease that has remained endemic in parts of Africa and Asia where its burden is elevated by the inefficiency of control efforts which have been hampered by lack of epidemiological data, among others. In Nigeria, such data is absent in most of the States like Gombe where the disease has been rife for a long time, hence, to bridge that knowledge gap, this study was set up to determine the host-associated risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence in Gombe. A questionnaire that was designed and validated for this location was used to obtain data from 663 respondents using simple random sampling and analyzed using the Chi-square test for association and binomial logistic regression to obtain risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence, respectively. The study revealed that occurrences were statistically significantly associated with the variables for vaccination (χ2 = 39.729, p < 0.01), having houseboy/girl (χ2 = 16.909, p < 0.01), typhoid patient at home (χ2 = 13.393, p < 0.01), hand washing before handling food (χ2 = 22.856, p < 0.01), consuming iced/frozen items (χ2 = 16.805, p < 0.01), boiling drinking water (χ2 = 49.633, p < 0.01), and eating commercially available foods/drinks (χ2 = 27.864, p < 0.01), while recurrences were statistically significantly predicted by „not sure of been vaccinated‟ (OR = 2.962, CI = 1.290 to 6.802, p < 0.01), „not having another typhoid patient at home‟ (OR = 1.799, CI = 0.998 to 3.244, p < 0.01), and „drinking unboiled water sometimes‟ (OR = 2.130, CI = 1.023 to 4.434, p < 0.01). It is believed that these findings will guide efforts by the Government for health interventions against typhoid in the study area, thus improving the quality of life for the population.

scholarly journals Economical effect on doubling of COVID-19 cases: examples of rich versus poor countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Ali Maher ◽  
Dmitry Mun ◽  
Fatma Giha ◽  
Mayouson Ali ◽  
Saverio Bellizzi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Complex Emergencies ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
The Government

Purpose The paper aims to examine some economical, political and health system indicators on the transmission of the COVID-19 transmission within the national system. The main objective is to investigate what are the most effective indicators which have led to the declared numbers by countries. Design/methodology/approach This study combined multiple sets of data to describe best the economical status of the health system including the government spending on the health system to draw some conclusion regarding the behavior of the pandemic. Findings Complex emergencies and internal conflicts negatively affected the quality of the reported cases and the size of the pandemic. The health work force was the most determinant factor of the health system. It can sometimes be impossible to understand the epidemic only with epidemiological data or health system one; economical aspects of health system and political situation have to be added to the equation. Originality/value The research according to the authors’ knowledge is the most comprehensive comparison so far that investigate the non-covid aspects from a political side in particular in complex emergencies and war situation added health system indicators.

scholarly journals The Use of ICT For Poverty Alleviation In Gubugklakah Village, Malang Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Rachmad Gustomy ◽  
Ratnaningsih Damayanti ◽  
Rizqi Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become one of the influential instruments for poverty alleviation. The argument is based on the fact that currently technology has played an important role in relation to the lives of many people. There are several projects conducted by the government in Indonesia utilising ICT to reduce poverty rate, such as establishing telecenter in some remote areas. This paper aims to identify the extent and the impact of the ICT convergence process that is carried out as an effort to improve the welfare of the community, specifically at Gubugklakah village, Malang Regency. The village is chosen as the locus of the research because the area, which is relatively far from the city center, received telecentre procurement assistance by the central government. By using descriptive qualitative methods, this study finds that ICT has not been converged to the maximum and the impact is less than optimal. Internet connection is only limited to middle and upper economic groups. The use of the world-wide-web at the village has also experienced ups and downs. For example, there is an improvement in the utilisation of techonolgy in education, tourism and government sectors which impact on a more effective work culture. People also usually surf the internet to search and watch educational, entertainment or trading content. However, the connection has a slow network connection which is problematic when many people use it. Furthermore, there is a need for educating people as well as incremental approach so that the internet can be in line with local culture.Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) telah menjadi salah satu instrumen yang berpengaruh dalam pengentasan kemiskinan. Argumen tersebut didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa saat ini teknologi telah memainkan peran penting dalam kaitannya dengan kehidupan banyak orang. Ada beberapa proyek yang dilakukan pemerintah di Indonesia yang memanfaatkan TIK untuk mengurangi angka kemiskinan, seperti membangun telecenter di beberapa daerah terpencil. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana dan dampak dari proses konvergensi TIK yang dilakukan sebagai upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat khususnya di Desa Gubugklakah Kabupaten Malang. Desa ini dipilih sebagai lokus penelitian karena wilayah yang relatif jauh dari pusat kota mendapat bantuan pengadaan telecentre oleh pemerintah pusat. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa TIK belum terkonvergensi secara maksimal dan dampaknya kurang optimal. Koneksi internet hanya terbatas pada kelompok ekonomi menengah ke atas. Penggunaan world wide web di desa juga mengalami pasang surut. Misalnya, peningkatan pemanfaatan teknologi di bidang pendidikan, pariwisata dan pemerintahan yang berdampak pada budaya kerja yang lebih efektif. Orang juga biasanya menjelajahi internet untuk mencari dan menonton konten pendidikan, hiburan, atau perdagangan. Namun, koneksi tersebut memiliki koneksi jaringan yang lambat yang menjadi masalah ketika banyak orang yang menggunakannya. Selain itu, perlu adanya edukasi kepada masyarakat serta pendekatan incremental agar internet dapat sejalan dengan budaya lokal.

scholarly journals THE RESTRICTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN A PANDEMIC CRISIS: THE CASE OF UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Nadiia Kobetska
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Legal Grounds

The presented paper is aimed at substantiating the formal and legal grounds for the introduction of restrictions on human rights in the battle against the spread of COVID-19 in Ukraine. The analysis of restrictive measures introduced by the Government of Ukraine is conducted by the author on the basis of their interpretation and comparison of Ukrainian legislative acts that define the legal regimes of quarantine, an emergency situation and a state of emergency. The author analyzes the problematic legislative provisions that formed the basis for the introduction of quarantine measures and an emergency situation in Ukraine and established restrictions on the implementation of a number of the constitutional rights of citizens. The article substantiates the conclusion on the constitutionality and legality of restrictions on human rights under a state of emergency, which was not introduced in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nasal polyps in Northern Portugal: a cadaver endoscopic study

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Rui Cerejeira ◽  
Rafaela Veloso-Teles ◽  
Nuno Lousan ◽  
Carla Pinto Moura
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Age Of Death

Background: Epidemiological studies on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps are scarce and mostly based on questionnaires. Data obtained with such approaches can be unreliable, thus endoscopy is a prerequisite for an accurate estimate of the prevalence of nasal polyps. The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of nasal polyps in Northern Portugal, using nasal endoscopy in cadavers from a District Hospital. Methods: The cadaver specimens deposited in the mortuary room of the hospital, every early morning on week days, from December 2012 to August 2013, were submitted to a systematic endoscopic examination of both nasal cavities, using a 25°, 2.y mm rigid endoscope from R.Wolf®. A review of the medical record of the cadavers was done, to search for cause of death, co-morbidities and past ENT history. Results: A group of 200 consecutive Caucasian cadaver specimens were analyzed, 83 women and 117 men, with a mean age of death of 77.23 ± 12.29 years (range 34-97). The prevalence of nasal polyps was 5.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.34-8.66). No statistically significant association between the studied clinical variables (sex, allergic rhinitis, lower respiratory diseases and smoking) and the presence of nasal polyps was identified. Conclusion: The study provides the first endoscopic based epidemiological data on nasal polyps in Portugal, showing a prevalence for old age group in accordance with previous studies in Europe.

Esteban Echeverría’s Critique of Universal Suffrage: The Traumatic Development of Democracy in Argentina, 1821–52

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Mazzini's Young Italy had a notable influence on the dissident youth of the River Plate region; one of their intellectual leaders, Esteban Echeverría (1805–51) – Romantic poet, socialist utopian, pioneer of Argentina's ‘Generation of 37’, and author of Dogma socialista – proclaimed a Young Argentina, as he firmly believed that it was necessary to establish Mazzinian-style associations to help reformulate the direction of political and literary culture in both Argentina and Uruguay. Both these nations were in those years suffering the consequences of the dictatorial regimes of Juan Manuel de Rosas and Manuel Oribe, respectively, which would later be confronted by Garibaldi and other European legionaries who had crossed the Atlantic to assist the local adversaries of these two governments. This chapter focuses on certain aspects of Echeverría's democratic thought, and particularly the criticism he directed towards the law of universal male suffrage decreed by the government of Buenos Aires in 1821 when he was a youngster. He claimed that this decree had been largely responsible for the rise to power in Buenos Aires of Rosas (in power 1829–32 and 1835–52), which he and other prominent members of Generation of 37 fiercely opposed.

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