scholarly journals Comprehensive effects of supplemented essential amino acids in patients with severe COPD and sarcopenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Dal Negro ◽  
R. Aquilani ◽  
S. Bertacco ◽  
F. Boschi ◽  
C. Micheletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Severe Copd

Aim. Aim of the study was to investigate whether or not oral supplementation of essential amino acids (EAAs) may improve body composition, muscle metabolism, physical activity, cognitive function, and health status in a population of subjects with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sarcopenia. Methods. Thirty-two patients (25 males) (FEV1/FVC <40% predicted), age 75±7 years, were randomised (n=16 in both groups) to receive 4 gr/bid EAAs or placebo according to a double-blind design. When entered the study (T0), after four (T4), and after twelve (T12) weeks of treatments, body weight, fat free-mass (FFM), plasma lactate concentration (μmol/l), arterial PaCO2 and PaO2, physical activity (n° steps/day), cognitive function (Mini Mental State Examination; MMSE), health status (St.George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ) were measured. Results. EAAs supplemented, but not patients assuming placebo, progressively improved all baseline variables overtime. In particular, at T12 of EAAs supplementation, body weight (BW) increased by 6 Kg (p=0.002), FFM by 3.6 Kg (p=0.05), plasma lactate decreased from 1.6 μmol/l to 1.3 μmol/l (p=0.023), PaO2 increased by 4.6 mmHg (p=0.01), physical activity increased by 80% (p=0.01). Moreover, the score for cognitive dysfunction improved from 19.1 scores to 20.8 (p=0.011), while the SRGQ score also improved from 72.3 to 69.6 even though this trend did not reach the statistical significance. Conclusions. A three-month EAAs supplementation may have comprehensive effects on nutritional status; muscle energy metabolism; blood oxygen tension, physical autonomy; cognitive function, and perception of health status in patients with severe COPD and secondary sarcopenia.

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

scholarly journals Abdominal obesity: prevalence, sociodemographic- and lifestyle-associated factors in adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian R. Tebar ◽  
Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei ◽  
Catarina C. Scarabotollo ◽  
Edner F. Zanuto ◽  
Bruna T. C. Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Obesity Prevalence

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its associated factors among adolescents, independent of confounders. Method: A sample of 14–17-year-old individuals (n=1.231), who were students from Londrina/PR-Brazil public schools, was studied. A questionnaire about physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic conditions was applied. Anthropometry was composed of body weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI=kg/m²) and waist circumference (cm). The association of abdominal obesity and independent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and the magnitude of associations was verified using Binary Logistic Regression in an unadjusted model and adjusted for confounders (gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behaviour). The confidence interval and statistical significance were set at 95% and 5%, respectively, using SPSS v15.0. Results: The abdominal obesity prevalence was 17.5% (CI = 15.4%–19.6%), and was higher in boys than in girls. Adolescents with abdominal obesity had higher values of body weight, height, body mass index and sedentary behaviour compared to eutrophic individuals. Being male increased the risk of abdominal obesity by 36% in adolescents. This risk was two times higher in those with high levels of sedentary behaviour. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with gender and high levels of sedentary behaviour, regardless of confounding factors. Lifestyle habits are important modifiable risk factors that can effectively contribute to the reduction of obesity from an early age.

Effect of Aging on Free Amino Acids and Electrolytes in Leg Skeletal Muscle

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Möller ◽  
J. Bergström ◽  
S. Eriksson ◽  
P. Fürst ◽  
K. Hellström
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Difference

1. The concentrations of electrolytes and free amino acids in plasma and the quadriceps femoris muscle were studied in ten apparently healthy elderly men, 52–77 years of age. The results were compared with those previously recorded for men 20–36 years old. 2. The two groups of subjects did not differ with regard to serum electrolytes and intracellular water content but the extracellular water in the older subjects exceeded that of the younger group by about 50%. The muscle specimens of the elderly men were also characterized by a 40% elevation of their total contents of Na+ and Cl−, whereas the content of K+ and Mg2+ was almost identical in both groups. 3. The means recorded for the plasma concentrations of most amino acids tended to be higher in the elderly men. The differences reached statistical significance for tyrosine, histidine, valine, lysine and total essential amino acids. In keeping with the findings in plasma, the amino acid concentrations in the muscle of the older group tended to exceed those of the younger ones. The difference reached statistical significance with regard to total amino acids, essential and non-essential amino acids, aspartate, alanine, citrulline, histidine, arginine, leucine and lysine. The various mechanisms that may contribute to these findings are discussed.

THE WEIGHT-DEPRESSING ACTION OF α-METHYL-DL-TRYPTOPHAN IN THE RAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sankoff ◽  
T. L. Sourkes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Comparable Effect ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Tryptophan Pyrrolase

α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan, injected intraperitoneally into rats, has a weight-depressing action lasting up to 72 hours. Dosages in the range 0.015–2.0 millimoles/kg body weight (3.3–436 mg/kg) are effective. Attempts to antagonize the weight-depressing action by giving essential amino acids and B vitamins were unsuccessful. Metabolic studies have shown that about half the injected dose of the compound (or its derivatives), as measured by the Hopkins–Cole glyoxylic acid reaction, is excreted in the urine in 24 hours; most of this appears during the first 4 hours after the injection. Ina search for an explanation for the weight-depressing action of α-methyltryptophan, tryptophan pyrrolase activity in the liver was estimated. This enzymic activity increases for 8 hours after the injection of α-methyltryptophan, and thereafter remains high for 72 hours. Tryptophan-injected animals showed increases in tryptophan pyrrolase level for 1.5 hours, and a return to normal concentrations within 24 hours. Other α-methyl amino acids which were tested had no comparable effect on body weight.

THE STIMULATION OF INSULIN RELEASE BY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS FROM RABBIT PANCREAS IN VITRO

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. G. MILNER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Rabbit Pancreas

SUMMARY Pieces of rabbit pancreas were incubated in vitro in an incubation medium containing no glucose or 1·5 mg. glucose/ml. In each of these conditions the effect on insulin release of each of the essential amino acids at 5 mm concentration was studied. Leucine was the only essential amino acid that stimulated insulin release to a level which reached statistical significance in an incubation medium containing no glucose. In medium containing 1·5 mg. glucose/ml., arginine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine stimulated insulin release and phenylalanine inhibited insulin release. Glucagon, theophylline or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulated insulin release significantly in the presence of leucine but not in the presence of arginine. Arginine stimulated insulin release in the presence of leucine. The results of these experiments characterize further the difference in the mechanism of action of leucine and arginine on the pancreatic β-cell and indicate possible explanations for results obtained in other species in vivo.

scholarly journals Body Weight Loss and Tissue Wasting in Late Middle-Aged Mice on Slightly Imbalanced Essential/Non-essential Amino Acids Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Corsetti ◽  
Evasio Pasini ◽  
Claudia Romano ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Anna Picca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Mice

scholarly journals ANEMIA AND HYPOPROTEINEMIA

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Miller ◽  
F. S. Robscheit-Robbins ◽  
G. H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Food Proteins ◽  
Positive Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Maintain Body Weight

Dogs with sustained anemia and hypoproteinemia due to bleeding and a continuing low protein or protein-free diet with abundant iron are used to test the value of food proteins as contrasted with mixtures of pure amino acids. The stimulus of double depletion (anemia and hypoproteinemia) drives the body to use every source of protein and all protein-building materials with the utmost conservation. Raiding of body tissue protein to produce plasma protein and hemoglobin is a factor when protein-building factors are supplied in small amounts. In this severe test (double depletion) the good food proteins in adequate amounts are able to maintain body weight, a strongly positive nitrogen balance, and produce considerable amounts of new hemoglobin and plasma protein. Casein, lactalbumin, whole egg protein, liver protein are all adequate in amounts of 150 to 250 gm. protein per week. Under comparable conditions mixtures of pure amino acids (essential for growth) do produce large amounts of new hemoglobin and plasma protein and a positive nitrogen balance but do not maintain body weight. The loss of weight is conspicuous even with large amounts of amino acids (200 to 300 gm. protein equivalent per week). Methionine, threonine, and phenylalanine are related to nitrogen conservation in growth mixtures of essential amino acids (Paper I) but when these three are given together they have little influence on the doubly depleted dog (Table 3). Some unidentified substance or compound present in certain proteins but absent in mixtures of the essential amino acids may be responsible for these differences in the response of the doubly depleted dog.

Effect of 75% replacement of dietary N by urea and ammonium sulphate on the composition and properties of sheep's milk

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
G. Tanev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Milk Clotting ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Control Milk

SummaryA 23-week trial was conducted using 4 groups each of 6 ewes to study the effects on milk yield and composition of substituting non-protein nitrogen (NPN) for 75 % of the dietary nitrogen. The control group received a winter ration which included silage followed by a summer ration containing lucerne. The test groups received substitutes of urea, ammonium sulphate, or urea+(NH4)2SO4. The milk yield of the test groups was lower (P< 0·01) than that of the control group. Depression of the fat content of the milk reached statistical significance (P< 0·01) in the groups receiving (NH4)2SO4and urea+(NH4)2SO4. In comparison with the control group, the protein content of the milk was greater in the group receiving urea and smaller in the other 2 test groups. The milks of the test groups had lower amounts of essential amino acids in the free state and higher amounts of non-essential amino acids than did the control milk. Milk-clotting time was increased in the test groups; the increase was greatest (P< 0·01) for the group receiving (NH4)2SO4and least (P< 0·05) for that receiving urea.

scholarly journals Influence of maternal level of education and socioeconomic status on maternal knowledge of nutrition, physical activity and children’s bodyweight of Nigerian school pupils

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Adebisi I. Hammed ◽  
◽  
Suleiman O. Usman ◽  
Onyemechi Ezekiel ◽  
Joy C. Duru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Nigerian School

This study investigated the influence of maternal level of education and socioeconomic status on maternal knowledge of nutrition, physical activity, and children’s body weight of Nigerian school pupils. A total of four hundred and twelve (412) primary school pupils participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the maternal level of education, material’s knowledge of nutrition, and physical activities. Body height and body weight were measured with a wall-mounted stadiometer in meters and a bathroom weighing scale in kg, respectively. The children’s body weight was determined using the formula weight (kg)/height (m2). The children were then categorized into different classes of body mass index based on the recommendation of Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (2015), which is age and sex-specific for children and teens from two years old through 20 years. The differences in maternal educational qualification and children’s bodyweights were analyzed using the independent sample t-test. However, the influence of maternal SES on maternal knowledge of nutrition, physical activities, and children’s body weights were analyzed using ANOVA. Statistical significance was accepted for a p-value of <0.05. The outcome of this study showed that the educational qualification of mothers had a significant (p<0.05) influence on children’s bodyweights. It was also observed from this study that the maternal SES significantly (p<0.05) influenced maternal nutritional knowledge, maternal knowledge of physical activities, and children’s bodyweights. This study therefore concluded that the maternal level of education and SES do influence maternal knowledge of nutrition and physical activity as well as children’s bodyweights.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document