scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a challenge for the urologist

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Cai ◽  
Sandra Mazzoli ◽  
Nicola Mondaini ◽  
Gianni Malossini ◽  
Riccardo Bartoletti
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

<p>The role of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (Ct) in everyday clinical practice is now on the increase because Ct infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infections worldwide. Ct can cause urethritis, cervicitis, pharyngitis, or epididymitis, although asymptomatic infections are quite common. Ct infection remains asymptomatic in approximately 50% of infected men and 70% of infected women, with risk for reproductive tract sequelae both in women and men. A proper early diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to prevent persistent consequences. An accurate comprehension of the pathology, diagnosis and treatment of this entity is essential for the urologist. We review the literature about the new findings in diagnosis and treatment of Ct infection in sexually active young men.</p>

scholarly journals Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota in Women With Infertility and Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Chen ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Lanhua Zhao ◽  
Lipei Luo ◽  
Shuling Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Unit ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Genital

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common etiological agent of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide and causes serious health sequelae such as cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and even infertility if ascending from the lower to the upper female genital tract. Previous studies have revealed the pivotal role of vaginal microbiota in susceptibility to STIs. However, alterations in the vaginal microbiota in women who are infertile and infected with C. trachomatis remain unknown. This study used metagenomic analysis of sequenced 16S rRNA gene amplicons to examine the vaginal microbial profiles of women with tubal infertility who were C. trachomatis-negative and those who were C. trachomatis-positive pre- and post-antibiotic treatment. Women who were C. trachomatis-negative and deemed healthy were recruited as references of eubiosis and dysbiosis. Women with tubal infertility and C. trachomatis infection presented a unique Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota rather than one dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus and displayed a decrease in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacter, Atopobium, and Streptococcus, accompanied by decreased levels of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10. This altered vaginal microbiota could be restored with varying degrees after standard treatment for C. trachomatis. This shift could be a predictive vaginal microbiota signature for C. trachomatis infection among females with tubal infertility, while no significant differences in phylum, class, and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels were observed between women with tubal infertility who were C. trachomatis-negative and healthy controls. This is the first study to provide data on the association of vaginal microbiota with C. trachomatis infection among women with tubal infertility and highlights unprecedented potential opportunities to predict C. trachomatis infection.

scholarly journals Levonorgestrel modulates innate immune activation in human endocervical epithelium and monocytes during Chlamydia trachomatis infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Eastman ◽  
Sophia Liu ◽  
Jason D. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

AbstractProblemOur group has previously shown that baboons with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) have delayed clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Based on this result, we hypothesized that LNG results in changes to development of the immune response by epithelial and resident innate immune cells.Method of StudyUsing the end1 endocervical cell line or the THP.1 monocyte-like cell line, cells were exposed to increasing levels of progesterone (P4) or a dose of LNG representative of LNG in reproductive tract tissues of women with an LNG-IUS. Ct was used at an MOI of 1 and supernatants were collected for ELISA at 48 hours post-infection. Select nuclear receptors were inhibited to determine which receptor contributed to LNG-mediated immunosuppression.ResultsCervical epithelial cells infected with Ct expressed IL-1β when treated with vehicle control. P4 further increased IL-1β expression during Ct infection, while LNG decreased IL-1β expression. Treatment with the androgen receptor blocker ailanthone prevented LNG-mediated immunosuppression.ConclusionsLNG in the presence of increasing P4 suppresses IL-1β production in response to Ct infection in vitro. This appears to be mediated at least in part by the androgen receptor. This has implications for women with LNG-IUS at high risk for sexually transmitted infections.

scholarly journals Association between Prior Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Ectopic Pregnancy at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South Western Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Paul Mpiima ◽  
George Wasswa Salongo ◽  
Henry Lugobe ◽  
Augustine Ssemujju ◽  
Olivier Mumbere Mulisya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tubal Factor ◽  
Western Uganda

Background. Increase in the number of ectopic pregnancy is attributed to increase in the incidence of pelvic infections. Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for most of the sexually transmitted bacterial infections. If undetected and untreated, the infection can ascend to the upper genital tract and cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and related sequelae (ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility). Objective. To determine the association between prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection and ectopic pregnancy at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods. This was an unmatched case-control study carried out at MRRH involving 25 cases and 76 controls. Serological evidence of prior chlamydial infection was determined by testing for the presence of Chlamydia immunoglobulin G antibodies in their blood. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection and also the factors associated with ectopic pregnancy. The significant level of <0.05 was used. Results. Chlamydia antibodies were found in 60% of patients with ectopic pregnancy and 26.3% of the controls (p=0.002). The presence of Chlamydia antibodies was associated with a fourfold risk of ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion. There was a strong association between prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection and ectopic pregnancy.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasms in nonconococcal urethirits in men

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Sonja Vesic ◽  
Jelica Vukicevic ◽  
Eleonora Gvozdenovic ◽  
Dusan Skiljevic ◽  
Slobodanka Janosevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nongonococcal Urethritis ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
The One

Introduction. Nongonococcal urethritis is the most common sexually transmitted infection in men, with vast majority of the etiological agents such as Chlamydia trachomatis, followed by urogenital mycoplasmas. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in nongonococcal urethritis in men, and to examine infections associated with these agents. Material and methods. 299 sexually active, heterosexual men with nongonococcal urethritis were included into the study. Urethral samples were taken with a dacron swab placed into the urethra up to 2-3 cm. The Direct immunojluorescence tehnique was performed for identification of Chlamydia trachomatis. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were detected with Mycoplasma 1ST assay. Results. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 22.75%, Uraeplasma urealyticum in 21.08% and Mycoplasma hominis in 8.02% cases. We found no significant differences in prevalence between Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticym (p>0.05). Monoinjections were found in 51.85% with significantly higher rate (p<0.01) than associated infections (11.70%). Among associated infections, coinfection of Chlamydia trahomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was predominant. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the one between Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. In 36.45% patients no patogenic microorganisms were detected. Conclusion. These results confirmed the etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis and urogenital mycoplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis with prevalence of 51.85% in monoinfections and 11.70% in associated infections. In 36.45% of cases the etiology of urethritis was not elucidated. These results suggest that more sensitive diagnostic tool should be applied when searching for the detailed etiology of nongonococcal urethritis.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women living in remote areas in Amazonas, Brazil—a self-collection screening experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Danielle AP Rocha ◽  
Cássia de Oliveira Moraes ◽  
Adriene F Araújo ◽  
Êmille dos Santos Beltrão ◽  
Lainara Castelo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Organized Screening Program ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Actual Prevalence

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection among women. In Brazil, there is no organized screening program for C. trachomatis, and the actual prevalence of infection is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in women living in riverside communities in the Amazon, using self-collection employing the Evalyn® Brush and polymerase chain reaction. A total of 299 riverine women aged 18–81 years, mean age 35.7 (±12.8) years, predominantly agricultural workers, with low schooling and living with a partner, participated in this study. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was found to be 3.7% (95% CI 1.8–6.5), most of them being symptomatic. The mean age of the first sexual intercourse reported by women was 15.2 (±2.3) years, and the majority reported having had none or only one partner in the last 12 months, with very low adherence to consistent condom use (15.4%). Most women (98.3%) reported having approved using the vaginal self-collecting brush, and only 4.7% reported having difficulty in handling the brush. We consider that a vaginal self-collecting device is adequate for diagnosing C. trachomatis infection in women living in remote, hard-to-reach areas.

The Gynecologic Health Consequences of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Military Servicewomen

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Nadeau ◽  
Dennis Fujii ◽  
Jessica Lentscher ◽  
Amanda Haney ◽  
Richard Burney
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Military

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Within the U.S. military, the age- and race-adjusted chlamydia infection rates among female service members are consistently higher than civilian rates, with a 20% annual acquisition rate among young active-duty women. The sequelae of chlamydia disproportionately impact women in terms of severity and cost. Untreated chlamydia progresses to pelvic inflammatory disease in 40% of cases, and is a leading cause of fallopian tube damage and pelvic adhesive disease resulting in ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, and acute and chronic pelvic pain. Tubal infertility is among the leading indications for in vitro fertilization (IVF) nationally and rates among couples undergoing IVF at military treatment centers are double the national average. Collectively, chlamydia infection represents a significant resource burden to the military health care system and, in view of the serious gynecologic health sequelae, a significant threat to the readiness of servicewomen. In this review, we discuss the gynecologic impact of chlamydia infection within the military, the critical gaps for research funding, and opportunities for intervention.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in women undergoing laparoscopy: the role of peritoneal fluid sampling

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Dragic ◽  
Patrizia Posteraro ◽  
Carla Marani ◽  
Maria Emanuela Natale ◽  
Alessia Vecchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Fluid Sampling

<em>Background</em>. Aim of this study was to assess the role of peritoneal fluid sampling for detection of bacterial infections due to <em>Chlamydia trachomatis </em>(CT), <em>Neisseria</em> <em>gonorrhoeae</em> (NG), and <em>Mycobacterium</em> <em>tuberculosis</em> (MT) in women undergoing laparoscopic investigation. The potential link between microbiological positive result(s) and types of gynecological pathology was also evaluated. <em><br />Materials</em> <em>and</em> <em>Methods</em>. A large sample of women (n=1377) with their peritoneal fluids taken laparoscopically was studied. Data of microbiological and clinical/histopathological findings were entered into a database from a retrospective chart review. Culture and/or microscopy were used to detect NG or MT infection, whereas CT infection was detected using a PCR-based test. <em><br />Results and Conclusions</em>. Of all the patients (14 to 50 years aged), 463 (33.6%) had endometriosis, 1179 (85.6%) had a pathology/condition other than endometriosis, and 71 (5.2%) had no pathology as histologically documented. None of the patients had peritoneal fluid samples positive for NG or MT. In contrast, 30 (2.2%) of 1377 patients had peritoneal fluid samples positive for CT. Except for 3 women with no histopathological alteration, all the CT positive patients had either endometriosis (n=12) or non-endometriosis (n=13) pathology. Two remaining patients were diagnosed with both the pathologies. Accordingly, no significant association (OR) was found between CT positivity and pathology [only endometriosis, 1.13 (95%CI, 0.30-4.20)]; [only non-endometriosis, 0.53 (95%CI, 0.15-1.87)]. While confirming the low positivity rate for the CT molecular detection, the present data indicate the need for prospective studies to firmly establish the clinical usefulness of peritoneal fluid diagnostic in gynecological settings.

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