scholarly journals Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and blaIMP-1 gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections in Isfahan, central Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeimeh Sadat Hashemi ◽  
Meysam Mojiri ◽  
Parivash Yazdani Kachouyi ◽  
Shiva Eskandari ◽  
Mehrsa Mohammadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens responsible for various types of hospital infections. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains of human clinical samples cause more severe diseases for a longer period of time. The current research was done in order to study the distribution of blaIMP-1 gene among the imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections of hospitalized patients. Two-hundred and forty-three P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from the cases of burn and urinary tract infections of inpatients and outpatients were analysis for antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. Then, imipenem-resistant isolates were further analyzed for distribution of blaIMP-1 gene using the PCR. Of 243 P. aeruginosa isolates, 146 strains (60.08%) were taken from outpatients and 97 strains (39.91%) were taken from inpatients. P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the highest levels of resistance against streptomycin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), aztreonam (100%), cotrimoxazole (95.47%), ciprofloxacin (88.47%), cefotaxime (84.36%) and gentamycin (83.95%). Inpatients had a relatively higher levels of antibiotic resistance. One-hundred and twenty-one out of 126 (96.03%) imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the blaIMP-1 gene. Inpatients also had a relatively higher prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene. High prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene and also imipenemresistant P. aeruginosa are important public health issue. Clinical laboratories should consider the detection of the blaIMP-1 gene among the P. aeruginosa isolates of clinical samples.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES AT A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN PADANG, WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Rustini Rustini ◽  
Jamsari Jamsari ◽  
Marlina Marlina ◽  
Nasrul Zubir ◽  
Yori Yuliandra
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that has an innate resistance to some antibiotics. This bacterium is one of the mostcommon causes of nosocomial infections that include surgical wound infections, burns, and urinary tract infections. The bacteria have been reportedlyresistant to many antibiotics and have developed multidrug resistance (MDR). The objective of the study was to determine the resistance pattern ofP. aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples of patients against some major antibiotics.Methods: Isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from clinical sample of urine, sputum, swabs, pus, feces, and blood and cultured in cetrimide agar. P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was used as a positive control. The antibacterial susceptibility testing was conducted against 13 antibiotics: Ceftazidime, cefotaxime,ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, meropenem, and imipenem. The examinationwas carried out using agar diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer and following the standards from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: The results showed that bacterial resistance was established against all tested antibiotics. The highest number of resistance was shownagainst ceftriaxone (44.21%), whereas the most susceptibility was exhibited against amikacin (only 9.47% of resistance). MDR P. aeruginosa (MDRPA)was detected on almost all clinical samples tested, except the feces. The sample with the highest percentage of MDRPA was the pus.Conclusion: The study concludes that the most effective antibiotic against P. aeruginosa is amikacin (91.51%), whereas the most resistance is exhibited to ceftriaxone (43.16%).

scholarly journals Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kiana Karimi ◽  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Parinaz Sedighi ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Amin Doosti-Irani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Aim. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is an encapsulated Gram-negative bacterium that can lead to 14–20% of nosocomial infections. The ability of biofilm formation in this bacterium decreases the host immune response and antibiotic efficacy. This may impose a huge impact on patients and healthcare settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from two major Hamadan hospitals, west of Iran. Methods. A total of 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical samples of patients in different wards of Hamadan hospitals from September 2018 to March 2019. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the disk diffusion method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet method. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software and chi-square test. Results. The results showed that clinical samples included 18 urinary tract samples (22%), 6 wound samples (7%), 6 blood samples (7%), 17 tracheal tube aspiration samples (20%), 32 throat cultures (38%), 2 sputum samples (2.5%), and 2 abscess drain cultures (2.5%). High-level resistance to cefotaxime was detected in 92%, and all of isolates were susceptible to colistin. Biofilm formation was seen in 62 (75%) isolates. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 17 (20%) strains. A significant correlation was seen between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance ( P value <0.05). Conclusion. Our findings emphasize the need for proper diagnosis, control, and treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae especially in respiratory tract infections due to the strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance in these strains.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from type 2 diabetic patients with urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Souad Youssouf Kani Elmi ◽  
Medhat Saber Ashour ◽  
Fathy Zakaria Alsewy ◽  
Nashwa Fawzy Abd El Moez Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: T2DM patients are more likely to have UTIs caused by resistant organisms such as ESBLs producing bacteria. Challenging reliable identification and prompt characterization of in-vitro susceptibilities of these bacteria are the first steps of deciding the appropriate antimicrobial therapy for UTIs caused by them. Objectives: To isolate and identify E. coli and K. pneumoniae from urine of T2DM patients with UTIs, to determine antibiotic resistance pattern among isolates, and to identify ESBLs production phenotypically and genotypically. Material and method: All samples were cultured on Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient Agar medium (CLED) by using calibrated loop. Growth of 100 colonies or more, i.e. 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL urine was considered as signifi- cant bacteriuria. Isolation and identification were done according to standard method. All isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was done by double-disk synergy test. Genotypic detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes by using PCR. Results: Results of this study showed that E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the dominant bacterial isolates, they constituted 103 (91.2%) out of 113 urine isolates. E. coli (58. 4%) K. pneumoniae (32.7%), Enterococcus spp. (4.4%), Proteus spp. (2.7%) and Pseu- domonas spp. (1.8%). About 25 (24.3%) out of 103 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were ESBLs positive by DDST, and 22 (88.0%) out of them had ESBLs encoding genes by conventional PCR. The most common gene detected was blaTEM (59.1%), followed by blaSHV (27.3%). CTX-M had not been detected in any of testes isolates. Conclusion: blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected in 22 out of 25 ESBLs producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates phenotypically detected by DDST. blaTEM was found to be the predominant gene (59.1%), while blaCTX-Mene was not detected in any of tested isolates. Keywords: Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Urinary tract infections; Phenotypic; genotypic methods.

scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in a Cameroonian City

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Nyah-tuku Nzalie ◽  
Hortense Kamga Gonsu ◽  
Sinata Koulla-Shiro
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction. Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are usually treated empirically. Geographical variations in etiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are common. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance trends is important for improving evidence-based recommendations for empirical treatment of UTIs. Our aim was to determine the major bacterial etiologies of CAUTIs and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a cosmopolitan area of Cameroon for comparison with prescription practices of local physicians.Methods. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study at two main hospitals in Yaoundé, collecting a clean-catch mid-stream urine sample from 92 patients having a clinical diagnosis of UTI. The empirical antibiotherapy was noted, and identification of bacterial species was done on CLED agar; antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results. A total of 55 patients had samples positive for a UTI. Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were the most empirically prescribed antibiotics (30.9% and 23.6%, resp.); bacterial isolates showed high prevalence of resistance to both compounds.Escherichia coli(50.9%) was the most common pathogen, followed byKlebsiella pneumoniae(16.4%). Prevalence of resistance for ciprofloxacin was higher compared to newer quinolones.Conclusions.E. coliandK. pneumoniaewere the predominant bacterial etiologies; the prevalence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was high.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogens in urinary tract infections in children at State Referral Hospital, Falkawn, Mizoram, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
F. Elizabeth Lalhmangaihzuali ◽  
Zarzoliana . ◽  
Zorinsangi Varte ◽  
Gracy Laldinmawii
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Analysing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens help to overcome the therapeutic difficulties created by the rising anti-microbial resistant bacteria and guides in choosing appropriate antibiotics. Hence, we aimed at evaluating the uropathogens causing urinary tract infections and study their antibiograms.Methods: Midstream urine samples were collected, cultured and appropriate biochemical tests were performed for proper identification of urinary tract pathogens in State Referral Hospital Falkawn, Mizoram, India from 1st January to 30th June 2018.Results: The most common isolated gram-negative uropathogens were Escherichia coli (40.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (17.6%), Proteus spp. (10.7%) and Pseudomonas spp. (3.1%). Among gram-positive organisms Enterococcus spp. (20.1%) and Staphylococcus spp. (7.6%) were grown. Urinary tract infections were more prevalent in girls (64.8%) than boys (35.2%). High level of resistance was found to amoxycillin/ampicillin by all the organisms isolated.Conclusions: Almost all the test organisms exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance. The study identified multiple antibiotics resistance by uropathogens which were earlier used as first line of treatment of UTI in children.

scholarly journals A HOSPITAL BASED SURVEILLANCE STUDY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND ACINETOBACTER SPECIES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON DRUG RESISTANCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Anju K K ◽  
Deepthy B J ◽  
Gogi Suresh ◽  
Harish P V
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the commonest bacterial infection in community practice. The most common microorganisms causing UTI include E.coli, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Acinetobacter. The increase in multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens is an important and emerging public health problem in non-fermenting isolates.So this study focuses the surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter species in UTI and also focuses the drug resistance of the isolates. METHOD: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, DM WIMS,Meppadi,Wayanad, starting from May 2019 to July 2019. A total of 200 urine samples were taken for identifying the significant urinary tract infections. Organisms were isolated and identified using standard microbial techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity was studied using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and EDTA double disc synergy test. RESULT: Out of the 200 urine samples studied, 87 showed significant bacteriuria, with 26 (29.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6(6.9%) Acinetobacter species. Other isolates were E.coli (24), klebsiella (22), enterobacter (4), Citrobacter (3) and one each were Serratia and Morganella. Among these isolates 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 Acinetobacter species were MBL producers. CONCLUSION: The study reports that other than E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a higher prevalence in urinary tract infection and more than half of the isolates are showing drug resistance to the commonly used drugs. Most of the infection with such strains were treated successfully with combination of drugs such as Tigecycline with colistin,colistin with a carbapenem, fosfomycin with a carbapenem, fosfomycin with aminoglycoside, and a carbapenem with an aminoglycoside have been reported as antibiotic combinations effectively administered to series of patients infected with carbapenemase producing organisms.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Sensitivity among Isolates of Esherichia coli from Urine Samples in Denizli, Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Selma Kirac ◽  
Dilek Keskin ◽  
F. Banu Karahasanoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: The research was carried out with isolate and determines the antimicrobial sensitivity in E. coli from urinary tract infections in special hospital in Denizli and recorded at specimens. Methods: Urine samples (n=21) were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of Urinary tract infections. Bacteria were isolated and identified by conventional biochemical profile. Antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli against different antibiotic was determined by Kirby-Baur method. Results: The results revealed that sensitivity rate of antimicrobial agents were in the range of meropenem (100%), norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (86%), cefotaxime (80%), aztreonam (76%). None of the samples showed no resistance to amikacin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and meropenem. Out of 21 isolates, 3(14%) isolates showed Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ten to thirteen antibiotics. Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the urinary tract infections in human are caused by E.coli exhibited highest resistance to meropenem (100%), followed by norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin  (86%).

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