Association of integrons with multidrug-resistant isolates among phylogenic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli

The aims of this study were to investigate the antibiotics susceptibility, multidrug- resistant (MDR) frequency and the association of integrons with MDR among phylogenic groups of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). In total, 176 non-duplicated UPEC isolates were collected from urinary tract infections (UTIs) specimens. The disk diffusion method was performed for determination of antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Phylogenetic grouping and the presence of integron-associated genes (int) were detected by the PCR technique. A high frequency of resistance was observed to cotrimoxazole (96.9%), ampicillin (85%), trimethoprim (80.1%) and cefazolin (79.6%); and 140 isolates (79.5%) were MDR. Carbapenems and fosfomycin were the most effective antibiotics. The majority of isolates (60.8%) belonged to the phylogenic group B2. Integrons were detected in 135 (76.7%) of isolates and, class I was the most common (63.6%) class. MDR isolates were found to be significantly associated with class І integrons. These isolates were found to be closely associated with the phylogenic group D (82%), however, the presence of class І integrons was higher among MDR isolates of the phylogroup B1. This pattern is believed to be due to other mechanisms such as the overexpression of the efflux pumps. Our findings show a significant correlation between MDR and the presence of class І integron. We conclude that class 1 integron plays an important role in the development of MDR UPEC, especially among the phylogroup B1.

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Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in District Hospital in Central Poland in 2020

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

Barbara Kot ◽

Agata Grużewska ◽

Piotr Szweda ◽

Jolanta Wicha ◽

Urszula Parulska

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

E Coli ◽

Central Poland ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽

Tract Infections

The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of uropathogenes causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients hospitalized in January–June 2020 in central Poland. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk-diffusion method. Escherichia coli (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.3%), E. faecium (6.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (4,3%) were most commonly isolated from urine samples. E. coli was significantly more frequent in women (58.6%) (p = 0.0089) and in the age group 0–18, while K. pneumoniae was more frequent in men (24.4%) (p = 0.0119) and in individuals aged 40–60 and >60. Gram-negative species showed resistance to ampicillin. K. pneumoniae were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (75.0%), piperacillin plus tazobactam (76.2%), cefotaxime (76.2%), cefuroxime (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (81.0%), and trimethoprim plus sulphamethoxazole (81.0%). Carbapenems were effective against all E. coli and P. mirabilis. Some K. pneumoniae (13.6%) produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). E. coli (22.6%), K. pneumoniae (81.8%), and all E. faecium were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Some E. coli (26.2%), K. pneumoniae (63.6%), and P. mirabilis (14.3%) isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium was also found. This study showed that the possibilities of UTIs therapy using available antibiotics become limited due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens.

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Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Patients Are Associated with Class 1 and 2 Integrons

Chemotherapy ◽

10.1159/000438666 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 72-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hamid Lavakhamseh ◽

Parviz Mohajeri ◽

Samaneh Rouhi ◽

Pegah Shakib ◽

Rashid Ramazanzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Major Health ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1 ◽

Dna Elements

Background:Escherichia coli isolates displaying multidrug-resistance (MDR) are a major health care problem that results in mortality and morbidity. Integrons are DNA elements in E.coli that are related to antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine class 1 and 2 integrons and MDR in E. coli isolates obtained from patients in two Sanandaj hospitals, located in Iran. Materials and Methods: 120 isolates of E. coli were obtained from clinical specimens (from November 2013 to April 2014), and the susceptibility of E. coli antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to the CLSI. PCR were applied for detection of class 1 and 2 integrons in E. coli isolates. SPSS software v16 and the χ2 test were used for statistical analysis in order to calculate the association between antibiotic resistance and the presence of integrons (p < 0.05). Results: In a total of 120 E. coli isolates, 42.5% had MDR. Integrons were found in 50.9% of the MDR isolates, and included 47.05% class 1 and 3.92% class 2 integrons. The strains did not have both classes of integrons simultaneously. An association between resistance to antibiotics and integrons was found. Conclusion: Our results showed that int1 and int2 genes present in E. coli isolates obtained from patients cause MDR in this isolates. Since such bacteria are a reservoir for the transmission of MDR bacteria, appropriate programs are necessary to reduce this problem.

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Prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons among the multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.5372/1905-7415.0901.367 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haddadi Azam ◽

Somayeh Mikaili Ghezeljeh ◽

Shavandi Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Integrase Gene ◽

Class 1 ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Multidrug resistance is a serious problem in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Horizontal gene transfer, directed by strong selective pressure of antibiotics, has resulted in the widespread distribution of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The dissemination of resistance genes is enhanced when they are trapped in integrons. Objectives To determine the prevalence of integrons among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains collected from regional hospitals and private clinical laboratories in Alborz province. Methods The susceptibility of 111 clinical Escherichia coli isolates was tested using a Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method for common antibiotics. Isolates were screened for the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) using a double disk synergy test. The existence of integrons was confirmed by amplification of the integrase gene and their class determined via analysis of PCR products by PCR-RFLP. Results Isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin. Nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and ceftizoxime were the most effective antibiotics in vitro. Eighty-eight isolates of 111 (79%) were resistant to more than three unrelated drugs. We found 30% of the multidrug resistant isolates harbor integrons. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 25 and 1 isolates, respectively. ESBL screening of strains showed 45 isolates (40%) were positive; 22% of the ESBL-positive isolates carried class 1 integrons and the frequency of MDR in ESBLpositive isolates was 93%. Conclusion The existence of integrons in only 29.5% of multidrug resistant isolates showed that besides integrons, antibiotic resistance genes were probably carried on other transferable elements lacking integrons, such as transposons or plasmids.

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First Detection of CTX-M-1 in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli in Seafood from Tunisia

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-324 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (11) ◽

pp. 1877-1881 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leila Ben Said ◽

Mouna Hamdaoui ◽

Ahlem Jouini ◽

Abdellatif Boudabous ◽

Karim Ben Slama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Carriage Rate ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Class 1

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the carriage rate of Escherichia coli isolates in seafood, to analyze the phenotype and genotype of antimicrobial resistance in the recovered isolates, and to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli producers. E. coli isolates were recovered from 24 (34.3%) of the 70 seafood samples analyzed, and one isolate per sample was further characterized. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method in the 24 isolates, with the following results (number of resistant isolates): tetracycline (8), streptomycin (7), ampicillin (6), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (4), chloramphenicol (4), ciprofloxacin (3), cefotaxime (2), and ceftazidime (2). Six isolates showed a multiresistant phenotype (including at least three families of antibiotics). Among tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(A) was detected in five isolates and tet(B) in two isolates. The qnr(A) or aac(6′)-1b-cr genes were detected in two ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates, and the sul2 gene in two trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole–resistant isolates. ESBL-containing E. coli isolates, carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene, were detected in 2 of the 70 seafood samples, obtained from gilt-head bream aquaculture. The ESBL isolates were typed phylogenetically and by multilocus sequence typing, and they were ascribed to lineage ST48/A and to the new ST3497/B1; these isolates carried the fimA, aer, and papGIII virulence genes. One of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates carried an unusual class 1 integron (with the array dfr32-ereA-aadA1). Seafood could be a source of multiresistant E. coli isolates for the aquatic environment, and these could enter the food chain.

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Dissemination of Class 1, 2 and 3 Integrons among Different Multidrug Resistant Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran Hospitals, Iran

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2011-024 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

MOROVAT TAHERIKALANI ◽

ABBAS MALEKI ◽

NOURKHODA SADEGHIFARD ◽

DELBAR MOHAMMADZADEH ◽

SETAREH SOROUSH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Exact Role ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Class 1 ◽

Comprehensive Study

A total of 100 non-duplicate Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were collected from different hospitals in Tehran and were confirmed as A. baumannii by conventional biochemical and API testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was checked by a disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The isolates were then detected as carrying class 1 and 2 integron gene cassettes by PCR evaluation and then genotyped by REP-PCR. More than 50% (n = 50) of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The results showed that more than 80% of all multidrug resistant A. baumannii strains carry a class 1 integron. Distribution of IntI 1 and IntI2 among A. baumannii isolates was 58% and 14%, respectively. Analysis of a conserved segment of class 1 integron showed a range from 100 bp to 2.5 kb. REP-PCR fingerprinting showed more than 20 genotypes among A. baumannii strains. TIhere was no relationship between REP genotypes and the distribution of different classes of integrons. This is a comprehensive study on the distribution of different classes of integrons among A. baumannii in Iran. Considering the exact role of integrons in coding drug resistance in bacteria, the findings of this study could help us find antimicrobial resistant mechanisms among A. baumannii isolates in Iran.

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The Relationship between Antibiotic Susceptibility and pH in the Case of Uropathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10121431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1431

Author(s):

Annamária Kincses ◽

Bálint Rácz ◽

Zain Baaity ◽

Orsolya Vásárhelyi ◽

Erzsébet Kristóf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Uropathogenic Bacteria

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections caused mainly by enteric bacteria. Numerous virulence factors assist bacteria in the colonization of the bladder. Bacterial efflux pumps also contribute to bacterial communication and to biofilm formation. In this study, the phenotypic and genetic antibiotic resistance of clinical UTI pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis were determined by disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Following this, different classes of antibiotics were evaluated for their antibacterial activity at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8 by a microdilution method. Gentamicin (GEN) was the most potent antibacterial agent against E. coli strains. The effect of GEN on the relative expression of marR and sdiA genes was evaluated by quantitative PCR. The slightly acidic pH (pH 6) and GEN treatment induced the upregulation of marR antibiotic resistance and sdiA QS activator genes in both E. coli strains. Consequently, bacteria had become more susceptible to GEN. It can be concluded that antibiotic activity is pH dependent and so the artificial manipulation of urinary pH can contribute to a more effective therapy of multidrug resistant bacterial infections.

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Molecular types, virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli causing bovine mastitis

Veterinary Record Open ◽

10.1136/vetreco-2019-000369 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000369 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen ◽

Nadine Käppeli ◽

Marina Morach ◽

Corinne Eicher ◽

Sabrina Corti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Sample Population ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Phylogenetic Grouping ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Susceptibility Profiles

BackgroundEscherichia coli is an important aetiological agent of bovine mastitis worldwide.MethodsIn this study, 82 E. coli from bovine mastitis milk samples from 49 farms were analysed for their genetic diversity using phylogenetic grouping and multilocus sequence typing. The isolates were examined by PCR for a selection of virulence factors (VFs). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were assessed using the disk diffusion method.ResultsThe most prevalent phylogroups were group B1 (41.5 per cent of the isolates) and group A (30.5 per cent). A variety of 35 different sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST1125 (11 per cent), ST58 (9.8 per cent), ST10 (8.5 per cent) and ST88 (7.3 per cent). Aggregate VF scores (the number of unique VFs detected for each isolate) ranged from 1 to 3 for 63.4 per cent of the isolates and were at least 4 for 12.2 per cent. For 24.4 per cent of the isolates, the score was 0. The three most frequent VFs were traT, fyuA and iutA. The majority (72 per cent) of the isolates harboured traT. The majority (68.3 per cent) of the isolates were fully susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, with 22 per cent resistant to ampicillin and 14.6 per cent to tetracycline. Resistance rates were low for gentamicin (3.7 per cent), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2.4 per cent) and ceftiofur (1.2 per cent), respectively.ConclusionAmong the study’s sample population, E. coli strains were genotypically diverse, even in cows from the same farm, although some STs occurred more frequently than others. Susceptibility to clinically relevant compounds remained high.

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Molecular characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia

World Rabbit Science ◽

10.4995/wrs.2020.10879 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Raouia Ben Rhouma ◽

Ahlem Jouini ◽

Amira Klibi ◽

Safa Hamrouni ◽

Aziza Boubaker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1

The purpose of this study was to identify Escherichia coli isolates in diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia and characterise their virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In the 2014-2015 period, 60 faecal samples from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits were collected from different breeding farms in Tunisia. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was tested by disc diffusion method and the mechanisms of gene resistance were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Forty E. coli isolates were recovered in selective media. High frequency of resistance to tetracycline (95%) was detected, followed by different levels of resistance to sulphonamide (72.5%), streptomycin (62.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%), nalidixic acid (32.5%), ampicillin (37.5%) and ticarcillin (35%). E. coli strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem. Different variants of blaTEM, tet, sul genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulphonamide, respectively. The presence of class 1 integron was studied in 29 sulphonamide-resistant E. coli strains from which 15 harboured class 1 integron with four different arrangements of gene cassettes, dfrA17+aadA5 (n=9), dfrA1 + aadA1 (n=4), dfrA12 + addA2 (n=1), dfrA12+orf+addA2 (n=1). The qnrB gene was detected in six strains out of 13 quinolone-resistant E. coli strains. Seventeen E. coli isolates from diarrhoeic rabbits harboured the enteropathogenic eae genes associated with different virulence genes tested (fimA, cnf1, aer), and affiliated to B2 (n=8) and D (n=9) phylogroups. Isolated E. coli strains from healthy rabbit were harbouring fim A and/or cnf1 genes and affiliated to A and B1 phylogroups. This study showed that E. coli strains from the intestinal tract of rabbits are resistant to the widely prescribed antibiotics in medicine. Therefore, they constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant genes, which may play a significant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the eae virulence gene seemed to be implicated in diarrhoea in breeder rabbits in Tunisia.

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Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic E. Coli Isolates from Jordanian Patients

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874285801812010001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yacoub R. Nairoukh ◽

Azmi M. Mahafzah ◽

Amal Irshaid ◽

Asem A. Shehabi

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections ◽

St131 Clone

Background: Emergence of multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. coli strains is an increasing problem to empirical treatment of urinary tract infections in many countries. This study investigated the magnitude of this problem in Jordan. Methods: A total of 262 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples of Jordanian patients which were suspected to have urinary tract infections (UTIs). All isolates were primarily identified by routine biochemical tests and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Fifty representative Multidrug Resistance (MDR) E. coli isolates to 3 or more antibiotic classes were tested for the presence of resistance genes of blaCTX-M- 1, 9 and 15, carbapenemase (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), fluoroquinolones mutated genes (parC and gyrA) and clone of ST131 type using PCR methods. Results: A total of 150/262 (57.3%) of E. coli isolates were MDR. Urine samples of hospitalized patients showed significantly more MDR isolates than outpatients. Fifty representative MDR E. coli isolates indicated the following molecular characteristics: All were positive for mutated parC gene and gyrA and for ST131 clone, and 78% were positive for genes of CTX-M-15, 76% for CTX-M-I and for 8% CTX-M-9, respectively. Additionally, all 50 MDR E. coli isolates were negative for carbapenemase genes (blaIMP, blaVIM, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48), except of one isolate was positive for blaKPC-2 . Conclusion: This study indicates alarming high rates recovery of MDR uropathogenic E. coli from Jordanian patients associated with high rates of positive ST131 clone, fluoroquinolone resistant and important types of blaCTX-M.

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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates from patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_22_19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (03) ◽

pp. 206-211

Author(s):

Jaison Jayakaran ◽

Nirupa Soundararajan ◽

Priyadarshini Shanmugam

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain as the most common infection. Catheter-associated (CA) UTI can lead to bacteremia and thereby is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in our country. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to check the prevalence of CAUTI and study the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, with special reference to NDM-1 and OXA-23. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 urine samples from patients with CA-UTI in different wards in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months between June and August 2018 were collected and processed following the standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disk-diffusion method. Modified Hodge test (MHT) was done to isolate carbapenem-resistant isolates, and polymerase chain reaction was done to detect NDM-1 and OXA-23. RESULTS: Out of 231 samples, 101 samples yielded significant growth. These 38 samples were Gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to carbapenems. Out of the 38 which showed carbapenem resistance, 23 were MHT positive. Out of the 23 MHT-positive isolates, 8 (21.05%) were positive for NDM-1 gene and only 1 (2.6%) was positive for the OXA-23 gene. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that carbapenem-resistant isolates from all the CA urinary tract-infected patients were 52.77% and most of them were Klebsiella. About 21% of them harbored the NDM-1 gene whereas only 2% had the OXA-23 gene. There has been an alarming increase in the spread of carbapenem resistance.

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