Thalassemia awareness among Iraqi people in 2018

Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disease that is common in Iraq with a prevalence of 35.7 per 100,000. It is the most common type of hereditary anemia registered in 2015. It is a life-threatening condition with many complications which if not managed could cause death in early age. This study aimed to assess the awareness of Iraqi people about thalassemia transmission and prevention and to find their source of information about the disease, as developing good awareness is the first and the most advantageous road to establish a successful prevention program. This cross-sectional study involved 417 participants who were from medical and non-medical fields. It was conducted as an online survey in addition to participants interview using a self-structured questionnaire which was tested for content and face validity, unidimensionality and test-retest reliability in a pilot study of 40 participants. Each participant who had heard about the disease was given a score (0-5) based on their knowledge: 68.8% of the people had heard about the disease previously, those had a mean score of 3 out of 5; 84% claimed that thalassemia is a noncommunicable disease which resembles the highest awareness aspect. The lowest one was about the preventability of the disease. Significant correlation was found between the score of awareness and the age. People awareness about thalassemia was relatively good. A control strategy should be directed to elevate the awareness level about thalassemia in the community with the application of the national program for thalassemia control.

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Learning Electrocardiogram Interpretation: Insights from Residents and a Proposed Solution in an Observational Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19645 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Alakchar ◽

Abdisamad M. Ibrahim ◽

Mohsin Salih ◽

Mukul Bhattarai ◽

Nitin Tandan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resident Attitudes ◽

Internal Medicine Residents ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Degree Of Participation ◽

Electrocardiogram Interpretation

BACKGROUND Interpretation of electrocardiograms (EKG) is an essential tool for every physician. Despite this, the diagnosis of life-threatening pathology on EKG remains suboptimal in trainees. The purpose of this study is to study resident attitudes and behaviours towards EKGs, and describe an innovative way to teach EKGs. OBJECTIVE Study attitudes and behaviours towards EKGs. Describe an innovative way to teach EKGs. METHODS Design: An observational cross-sectional study through an anonymous online survey of resident attitudes and comfort with EKG interpretation. This was followed by creation of a WhatsApp group for discussion and interpretation of EKGs with peers. At the end of the day, the official EKG interpretation was posted. Setting: Internal medicine residency at Southern Illinois University. Participants: Internal medicine residents Interventions: Creation of WhatsApp group to aid with EKG interpretation Measurements: A 17 item questionnaire, followed by detection of degree of participation in a WhatsApp group. RESULTS Forty-one out of 63 residents (65%) completed the survey. 85% of respondents thought that an interactive way to teach EKGs is the best method of teaching, and 73% did not feel confident interpreting EKGs. 30% often rely on automated EKG interpretation. Further analysis indicated that PGY-1 residents reported ordering fewer EKGs (correlation coefficient -0.399, p = 0.012) and were uncomfortable diagnosing QT prolongation on an EKG (correlation coefficient -0.310, p = 0.049). Residents in the third or greater year of training ordered more EKGs (correlation coefficient 0.379, p = 0.015), less frequently relied on the computer for EKG diagnosis (correlation coefficient 0.399, p = 0.010), and were comfortable diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction and atrial arrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, most IM trainees do not feel comfortable interpreting EKG, however, this does improve with PGY year. WhatsApp is a possible platform for teaching EKGs.

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Knowledge about Mental Health and Acceptance towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Adult Individuals of Ahmedabad

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/ijhsr.20211102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 7-14

Author(s):

Drashti Atulbhai Shah ◽

Mihirdev P. Jhala

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Individual ◽

Infected People ◽

Public Response ◽

Key Words Anxiety ◽

The People ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: The new Coronavirus disease (COVID19) emerging in China has quickly crossed borders, infected people around the world, and sparked a massive public response. Much attention has been paid to vaccination with COVID19 to control this circumstance. All of these kinds of stuff are led to a higher stratum of anxiety towards the COVID-19 vaccination Process in Adult individuals. Aims and Objective: To determine the knowledge about anxiety and acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccination in Adults individuals of Ahmedabad. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in adults in Ahmedabad. An online survey was carried out with a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire contains specific questions about anxiety and acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccination. A total of 10 items are rated on a 5 - point Likert scale. In which 5 items were for the anxiety component and 5 items were for the acceptance component. The data analysis was carried out with Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: Our finding suggests that from 171 respondents 85(50%) of the adult individual were not anxious, 59(34%) were mild anxious, 24(14%) were Moderately anxious, 3(2%) were severely anxious towards the Covid-19 Vaccination process. 9(28%) adult individuals were ready to accept the Covid-19 vaccination process, 115(67%) were not sure, 47(5 %) of adult individuals were refused the Covid-19 Vaccination process. Conclusion: Half of the people were having mild to severe levels of anxiety towards the Covid-19 vaccination process and most of the people are not sure about the Covid-19 vaccination process. Key words: Anxiety, Acceptance, Covid-19 vaccination, Adult Individuals, Awareness.

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Nutrition Literacy and Healthy Diet: Findings from the Validation of a Short Seniors-Oriented Screening Tool, the Spanish Myths-NL

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182212107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 12107

Author(s):

Elena Lobo ◽

María Tamayo ◽

Teresa Sanclemente

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Face Validity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

A good level of nutrition literacy (NL) is proposed as a determinant factor for following a healthy diet. Improving seniors’ NL might be particularly pertinent to enhance the quality of their diets. This study aimed to systematically design and validate a short seniors-oriented questionnaire as a screening tool to evaluate NL. We developed the Myths-NL questionnaire, composed of 10 widespread nutrition myths, and checked for its content and face validity. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the validity and the test–retest reliability, involving a community-dwelling group of 316 individuals aged 65 years and over. Construct validity was proved by establishing both discriminant and convergent validity. Cronbach α = 0.61 and Spearman r = 0.79 (p = 0.02) demonstrated internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Participants who had secondary/university studies scored significantly higher compared with those with primary (p < 0.001), and a significant linear relationship (R2 = 0.044, p = 0.001) with a positive slope (β = 0.209) between Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and Myths-NL scores was observed, proving construct validity. In conclusion, the Myths-NL questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to screen NL in Spanish seniors and it might be useful as an assessment NL tool for designing and implementing lifestyle interventions to promote healthy eating.

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Knowledge and Awareness on Fumigation of Operation Theaters among Dental Undergraduates

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2830869 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

M. Pooja Umaiyal ◽

Dhanraj Ganapathy ◽

Ashok Velayudhan ◽

Kirankumar Pandurangan

Keyword(s):

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Emerging Compounds ◽

Electric Boiler ◽

Persistent Data

Disinfectants play a vital role in global infection control as a crucial weapon against the transmission of nosocomial pathogens/infections combating global disease outbreak. Because of the multifactor causation of infections the environment of operation theatre plays a great role in the onset and spread of infections. As in this advancing medical era, the microbial contamination of the hospital environment, especially the operating theatre, intensive care units had continued an increased prevalence of nosocomial infection. The people who are at risk do not only involve the patients but the health professions including the nurses as well. The aim of this study was to provide and assess knowledge on fumigation of operation theatres among the dental undergraduates. A cross-sectional study was conducted online with a pre-structured questionnaire containing 10 questions among the 100 undergraduates. Persistent data were extracted and analyzed using SPSS software by IBM. A total of 100 undergraduates attended the online survey among which 78.8% were interns followed by 12.12% and 9.1% of third years and final year dental undergraduates respectively. The most commonly used fumigants opted by the participants were predominantly of formaldehyde with 89% followed by phosphine 9%. Regarding the methods of fumigation, awareness on the electric boiler fumigation method and potassium permanganate method was predominantly high among the interns with 58.9% and 84.62% respectively. Within the limits of this study, formaldehyde was the predominantly opted type of fumigant. The potassium permanganate method of fumigation was predominantly known among the participants when compared to the electric boiler fumigation method. However, the majority of participants were unaware of the emerging compounds named Virkon and Bacillocid Rasant. These were assessed along with other factors like awareness of ammonia neutralization and also the risk involved in the fumigation process.

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Correlation between interleukin-6 and septic shock in children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi52.6.2012.352-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Stephanie Yulianto ◽

Ari Runtunuwu ◽

Vivekenanda Pateda ◽

Jose Mandei ◽

Julius Lolombulan

Keyword(s):

Septic Shock ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening ◽

The Mean ◽

Pediatric Sepsis

Background Sepsis is a life􀁆threatening condition and the mostcommon cause of death in intensive care units in developingcountries, such as Indonesia. The first clinical signs of sepsis areusually non􀁆spedfic. More specific signs and laboratory parametersoften occur late and are associated 'With organ dysfunction andhigh mortality rates. Interleukin􀁆6 (IL--6) is a biomarker reported tobe superior to clinical signs and conventional tests for sepsis. IL--6levels may indicate microorganism invasion, as well as progressionof infection into sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.Objective To evaluate a correlation between interleukin (IL)􀁆6and septic shock in childrenMethods This cross􀁆sectional study was conducted in the pediatricintensive care unit of Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital, Manado,between June to September 2011. Subjects were children withsepsis or septic shock aged 1 month to 13 years, v.ith diagnosesbased on the International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus ConferenceCriteria 2005. A one􀁆time measurement of IL--6 plasma levelswas done at the time of diagnosis. Data was analyzed by logisticregression test using SPSS version 17 software. A P value of <0.05indicated statistical significance.Results The mean IL--6 plasma level in the septic group was 1.68(95%CI 1.45 to 1.91) pg/mL and that of the septic shock groupwas 2.33 (95%CI 1.79 to 2.86) pg/mL. Our results showed astrong positive correlation between IL􀁆6 plasma levels v.ith theprobability of septic shock in children v.ith sepsis (regressioncoefficient􀁇1.3lO, P􀁇O.024).Conclusion Higher plasma IL--6 levels were associated v.ith ahigher risk of septic shock in children with sepsis. [Paediatrrndones.2012;52:352-5].

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Arabic Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire among Adolescents

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2016/8045262 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hussain Ahmed Darraj ◽

Mohamed Salih Mahfouz ◽

Rashad Mohamed Al Sanosi ◽

Mohammed Badedi ◽

Abdullah Sabai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Face Validity ◽

Arabic Version ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Beliefs ◽

Depression Literacy ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Background. Depression is a serious mental health disease. Globally, it is estimated that almost 350 million people suffer from depression. It is important to assess depression literacy including knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders among adolescents.Objective. This study was conducted to validate the Arabic version of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (D-Lit) among adolescents.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample size of 120 adolescents. Statistical analysis included face validation, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability testing. A test-retest was carried out within a two-week interval.Results. The mean score for depression literacy among participants was 8.6 (SD = 4.48), the median was 8, and the interquartile range was 7. Preliminary construct validation analysis confirmed that factor analysis was appropriate for the Arabic version of D-Lit. The total internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and split-half test and the results were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. The test-retest reliability measured by Pearson’s correlation was 0.92 and spearman rho was equal to 0.91.Conclusions. Face validity, construct validity, and reliability analysis were found satisfactory for the Arabic version of D-Lit. The Arabic D-Lit was found valid and reliable to be used in the future studies.

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Awareness about a Life-Threatening Condition: Ectopic Pregnancy in a Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity in Brazil

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/965724 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Edilberto Alves Rocha Filho ◽

Danielly Scaranello Santana ◽

Jose Guilherme Cecatti ◽

Maria Laura Costa ◽

Samira Maerrawe Haddad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Near Miss ◽

Severe Maternal Morbidity ◽

Care Providers ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening

Objective.To assess occurrence of severe maternal complications associated with ectopic pregnancy (EP).Method.A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted, with prospective surveillance of potentially life-threatening conditions (PLTC), maternal near miss (MNM), and maternal death (MD). EP complications, patient sociodemographic/obstetric characteristics, and conditions of severity management were assessed, estimating prevalence ratios with respective 95% CI. Factors independently associated with greater severity were identified using multiple regression analysis.Results.Of the 9.555 severe maternal morbidity patients, 312 women (3.3%) had complications after EP: 286 (91.7%) PLTC, 25 (8.0%) MNM, and 1 (0.3%) MD. Severe maternal outcome ratio (SMOR) was 0.3/1000 LB among EP cases and 10.8/1000 LB among other causes. Complicated EP patients faced a higher risk of blood transfusion, laparotomy, and lower risk of ICU admission and prolonged hospitalization than women developing complications resulting from other causes. Substandard care was the most common in more severe maternal morbidity and EP cases (22.7% MNM and MD versus 15% PLTC), although not significant.Conclusion.Increased maternal morbidity due to EP raised awareness about the condition and its impact on female reproductive life. No important risk factors for greater severity were identified. Care providers should develop specific guidelines and interventions to prevent severe maternal morbidity.

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LOCAL ANAESTHETIC SYSTEMIC TOXICITY AWARENESS AMONG CLINICAL PRACTITIONERS

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i5.4035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 1642-46

Author(s):

Sana Abbas ◽

Amjad Akram ◽

Beenish Abbas ◽

Mohsin Fayyaz ◽

Basit Mehmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Systemic Toxicity ◽

Face Validity ◽

Multiple Choice Questions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Final Questionnaire ◽

Life Threatening

Objective: to assess comprehension of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity among clinical practitioners. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Tertiary Care Institute, from Dec 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: Methodology constituted of a web-based questionnaire. A pilot study carried out at 15-20 participants forquestionnaire validation and reviewed by independent experts for face validity, a final questionnaire comprised of 10 multiple-choice questions in addition to demographic profile. Results: A total of 950 participants participated in the study and data was extracted from their responses. Out of 738 (77.8%) participants declared that they are unaware of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity complication, 26 (2.7%) encountered local anaesthetic systemic toxicity and 185 (19.5%) never experienced. Ninety (9.5%) were aware of the availability and utilization of 'Lipid Emulsion' therapy to treat ‘Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity’ (LAST). Conclusion: Although clinicians have significant awareness level regarding local anaesthetic toxicity but unfortunately compliance with management of this life-threatening complication is deficient.

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Peoples’ understanding, acceptance, and perceived challenges of vaccination against COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0256493

Author(s):

Alak Paul ◽

Dwaipayan Sikdar ◽

Janardan Mahanta ◽

Sanjib Ghosh ◽

Md. Akib Jabed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Effect Size ◽

Online Survey ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Education ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Life Threatening

In order to eliminate COVID-19, many countries provided vaccinations. However, success depends on peoples’ knowledge levels and rates of acceptance. But, previous research on this topic is currently lacking in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study aimed at to investigate Bangladeshi peoples’ knowledge, acceptance, and perception of challenges regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Quantitative data were collected using an online survey (n = 1975) and face-to-face interviews (n = 2200) with a pre-tested structured questionnaire. In addition, seven open-ended interviews were conducted with health experts regarding challenges of vaccination. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between explanatory and dependent variables. Effect size was estimated to understand the magnitude of relationship between two variables. Of 4175 respondents, 92.6% knew about COVID-19 vaccines, while only 37.4% believed vaccines to be effective in controlling COVID-19. Nearly 46% of respondents believed that COVID-19 vaccines have side-effects, and 16.4% of respondents believed that side-effects could be life-threatening. Only 60.5% of respondents indicated that they would receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Out of 1650 respondents (39.5%) who did not intend to receive the vaccine, 948 (57.4%) believed that they would be naturally protected. Regressions results indicated that men had higher rates of knowledge regarding the vaccine. In addition, rural respondents demonstrated lower knowledge regarding the vaccine. Furthermore, education had a significant association with knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines. Respondents with university education had more knowledge regarding the vaccine (Odds ratio, OR = 29.99; 95% confidence interval, CI 11.40–78.90, effect size 1.88; p = 0.01) and correct dosage (OR 27.34; 95% CI 15.25–49.00, effect size 1.83; p = 0.01). However, women (OR 1.16; 95% CI 0.96–1.40, effect size 0.08) and rural (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.44, effect size 0.12; p = 0.01) respondents were more enthusiastic regarding receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Higher educated respondents showed higher probability of receiving the vaccine. Those who believed in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine were 11.57 times more interested (OR 11.57; 95% CI 8.92–15.01, effect size 1.35; p = 0.01) in receiving the vaccine. Open-ended interviews identified several challenges toward successful COVID-19 vaccination. Mass awareness creation, uninterrupted supply, equitable distribution, and sectoral coordination were suggested to achieve at least 70% immunization across the country.

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Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Food-Drug Interaction in the Intensive Care and Emergency Hospitals

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2019.2.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 61-68

Author(s):

Samir Y Lafi ◽

Aram Salih Mohammed Amin Kamali ◽

Bayan Omar Sharif

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Drug Interaction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ethical Point ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

High Level ◽

Nurses Knowledge

Usually supplement is essential and fundamental components for ensure and creating the human body, also drugs seem to survey the life of each individual and ensure the wellbeing for a long life aimed most of illness, but in case nourishment sedate interaction ignored since of information shortage almost it or any reason maybe lead to futile of medicine for the patients or cause life threatening condition because of that, one of the most significant ethical point in every health care setting in the world is patient's safety; and the care for patients must be improved in every country to prevent complication of interaction between food and drug. The main objective of this cross-sectional study has been conducted to assess the nurses' knowledge regarding food-drug interaction (FDI) at the intensive care in both of Shar and emergency hospitals in the Slemani city, the data were collected during the period of October up to the end of December. Non-probability, (purposive sample) of 78 nurses at both hospitals, a questionnaire was designed according to literatures and books regarding FDI which contained 25 items, 8 items for demographic characteristics, and 17 items concerning FDI. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a panel of 7 experts, a pilot study was carried out to check the reliability of the questionnaire which determined through the use of stability reliability (test-retest) approach which was estimated as r = 0.81. The data were collected through the interviewing of the study sample and analyzed through the using of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, version 23, and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the present study conclude that more than half of nurses had low knowledge and none of them had high level of knowledge, also there is no significant association between the levels of knowledge with age, gender, educational level, years of experience and working place. The study suggested extends the knowledge of nurses regarding the FDI, by training courses from clinical pharmacologists.

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