The linear and quadratic relationship between grit and burnout among athletes

Mixing of cattle prior to slaughter which results in aggressive activity (Mohan Raj et al 1992) leads to glycogen depletion pre-slaughter and subsequently meat with a higher ultimate pH (pHu). Purchas et al (1990) reported a quadratic relationship between pHu and tenderness with highest shear force values recorded between pHu 5.8 to 6.2. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fasting and mixing of steers prior to slaughter on the meat eating quality of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle.

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Two Comprehensive and Practical Methods for Simulating Pan Evaporation Under Different Climatic Conditions in Iran

Water ◽

10.3390/w13202814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 2814

Author(s):

Mohammad Hassan Dehghanipour ◽

Hojat Karami ◽

Hamidreza Ghazvinian ◽

Zahra Kalantari ◽

Amir Hossein Dehghanipour

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Water Resource Management ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Pan Evaporation ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Climate Type ◽

Method Error ◽

Basic Relationship ◽

Quadratic Relationship

Evaporation from surface water plays a crucial role in water accounting of basins, water resource management, and irrigation systems management. As such, the simulation of evaporation with high accuracy is very important. In this study, two methods for simulating pan evaporation under different climatic conditions in Iran were developed. In the first method, six experimental relationships (linear, quadratic, and cubic, with two input combinations) were determined for Iran’s six climate types, inspired by a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN) neuron and optimized with the genetic algorithm. The best relationship of the six was selected for each climate type, and the results were presented in a three-dimensional graph. The best overall relationship obtained in the first method was used as the basic relationship in the second method, and climatic correction coefficients were determined for other climate types using the genetic algorithm optimization model. Finally, the accuracy of the two methods was validated using data from 32 synoptic weather stations throughout Iran. For the first method, error tolerance diagrams and statistical coefficients showed that a quadratic experimental relationship performed best under all climatic conditions. To simplify the method, two graphs were created based on the quadratic relationship for the different climate types, with the axes of the graphs showing relative humidity and temperature, and with pan evaporation, were drawn as contours. For the second method, the quadratic relationship for semi-dry conditions was selected as the basic relationship. The estimated climatic correction coefficients for other climate types lay between 0.8 and 1 for dry, semi-dry, semi-humid, Mediterranean climates, and between 0.4 and 0.6 for humid and very humid climates, indicating that one single relationship cannot be used to simulate pan evaporation for all climatic conditions in Iran. The validation results confirmed the accuracy of the two methods in simulating pan evaporation under different climatic conditions in Iran.

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Quadratic Relationship Between Alexithymia and Interoceptive Accuracy, and Results From a Pilot Mindfulness Intervention

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachel V. Aaron ◽

Scott D. Blain ◽

Matthew A. Snodgress ◽

Sohee Park

Keyword(s):

Mindfulness Intervention ◽

Quadratic Relationship ◽

Interoceptive Accuracy

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Nonlinear theory of the photomagnetoelectric effect with a quadratic relationship between carrier densities: Light intensity dependence

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.23.4837 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 4837-4843 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

V. Augelli ◽

L. Vasanelli ◽

M. Leo ◽

R. A. Leo ◽

G. Soliani

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Nonlinear Theory ◽

Intensity Dependence ◽

Quadratic Relationship

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Time of sowing for barley in the Victorian Mallee

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9750830 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (77) ◽

pp. 830 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

PE Ridge ◽

IT Mock

Keyword(s):

Sowing Date ◽

Barley Cultivar ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Flowering Phase ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Quadratic Relationship ◽

Grain Nitrogen

The effect of sowing time, from late April to late June, on the development, yield and quality of the mid-season barley cultivar, Weeah, was examined from 1970 to 1972 in the Victorian Mallee. The length of the pre-flowering phase decreased with later sowing and there was a quadratic relationship between yield and sowing date. Grain nitrogen varied inversely with yield.

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Productivity of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ influenced by strategic rest periods and nitrogen levels

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 3203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luan Fernandes Rodrigues ◽

Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽

Otacílio Silveira Junior ◽

José Geraldo Donizetti dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Linear Relationship ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rest Period ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Area Index ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Rest Periods ◽

Quadratic Relationship ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

The effects of two strategic rest periods and associated nitrogen levels on the agronomic and productive characteristics of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ were evaluated. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized 4 × 2 split-plot design, with four blocks. The treatments consisted of associations between two rest periods and four nitrogen levels. The rest periods included one at the end of 28 days (RP28days) and another when the canopy height was 40 cm (RP40cm) and nitrogen levels of 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha-1 year-1 was applied as ammonium sulfate. The following variables were evaluated: rest period (RP) per cycle, total dry matter (TDM), dry matter (kg ha-1) and proportion (%) of leaf blade (LB), stem, and senescent material (SM), tiller mass, forage density, leaf area index, height, leaf:stem ratio, and crop growth rate (CGR). The variables height, TDM, LB dry matter, stem dry matter, CGR, and forage density exhibited a linear relationship with RP28days and a quadratic relationship with RP40cm with increasing N levels. The proportions of LB and stem had linear relationships with N levels for RP28days and RP40cm. The leaf:stem ratio was affected by increasing N levels and it fit the quadratic model for both rest strategies. The SM proportion had a quadratic relationship only with RP28days. The tiller mass had a linear relationship with RP28days, whereas SM dry matter showed a linear relationship for RP40cm. The use of the RP40cm reduced the period needed to begin a new grazing cycle. The level of 450 kg N ha-1 is recommended for RP28days and levels between 380 to 400 kg N ha-1 provided better results for RP40cm.

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Response in nutritionally related blood metabolites, carcass traits and primal pork cuts of slow growing Windsnyer pigs fed on varying levels of potato hash silage

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v48i4.19 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 770-776

Author(s):

C.N. Ncobela ◽

A.T. Kanengoni ◽

M. Chimonyo

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Total Protein ◽

Linear Response ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Quadratic Relationship

The response of Windsnyer pigs to diets containing varying levels of potato hash silage in nutritionally related blood biochemistry, carcass traits and primal pork was estimated. Thirty-six growing clinically healthy male Windsnyer pigs with an initial weight of 36 kg ± 4.89 (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) were randomly assigned to six experimental diets containing 0, 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 potato hash silage g/kg dry matter (DM). Experimental diets were derived from mixing a summit diet containing no potato hash silage and a dilution diet containing 400 g potato hash silage/kg in various proportions. Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to diets and water. There was no relationship between inclusion levels of potato hash silage and albumin: globulin ratio, total protein, and uric acid. As inclusion levels of potato hash silage varied, there was a positive linear relationship between silage and albumin concentration. Globulin concentration had a positive quadratic relationship with the inclusion of potato hash silage. Inclusion levels of potato hash silage resulted in a positive quadratic relationship in alkaline phosphatase. There was a negative linear response in warm carcass weight and cold carcass weight to inclusion levels of silage. A negative linear response was observed in dressing percentage. Different inclusion levels of potato hash silage caused a positive quadratic relationship in cooler shrink. There were negative linear relationships between inclusion of potato hash silage with shoulder fat, carcass length and backfat thickness. There was a negative linear relationship between eye muscle area and inclusion level of ensiled potato hash. There was a positive quadratic relationship between hindquarter length (HQL) and inclusion levels of silage. The observed linear relationship between hindquarter circumference (HQC) and inclusion levels of potato hash silage was negative. There is a need to predict the optimum inclusion level of potato hash silage without compromising the healthiness and carcass yield of pigs.Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase, backfat thickness, cold carcass weight, cooler shrink, dorsal fat thickness, eye muscle area, hindquarter circumference, total protein

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Interpretation of Quantities Displayed in Pictorial Charts

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Rolfes

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

University Students ◽

Data Visualization ◽

Functional Relationship ◽

Scale Factor ◽

Research Report ◽

Item Questionnaire ◽

Quadratic Relationship

This brief research report presents an experiment investigating how people interpret quantities displayed in pictorial charts. Pictorial charts are a popular form of data visualization in media. They represent different quantities with differently scaled pictures. In the present study, 63 university students answered a 12-item questionnaire containing three different pictorial charts. The study aimed to evaluate how individuals perceive the quantities in the pictorial charts intuitively. Therefore, the students’ answers were not rated as correct or incorrect. Instead, it was analyzed which functional relationship between scale factor and estimated quantity best described people’s interpretation of pictorial charts. The experiment showed that, on average, a model assuming a quadratic relationship fitted best. This result deviates from research that found an overgeneralization of linearity when students compare the areas of two mathematically similar shapes. It may be that the routines for the interpretation of pictures differ considerably depending on whether a person must calculate a quantity arithmetically or is prompted to estimate the quantity based on visual perception.

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Comparison of wind-induced air pressure fluctuations at sites with different land use

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3341 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Mohr ◽

Thomas Laemmel ◽

Martin Maier ◽

Sven Kolbe ◽

Christopher Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Trace Gases ◽

Pressure Fluctuations ◽

Air Pressure ◽

High Wind ◽

High Wind Speed ◽

Site Specific ◽

Quadratic Relationship

Previous studies showed at a forest site, that small air pressure fluctuations that are generated during periods of high wind speed significantly enhance topsoil gas transport, which is called pressure-pumping. The strength of these air pressure fluctuations can be described by the pressure pumping coefficient (PPC) which is defined as the mean absolute slope between two measurements (0.5&#160;s) per 30 min interval. It was shown that at this site a quadratic relationship exists between the PPC and above canopy wind speed.To investigate the variability of small air pressure fluctuations, high-frequency airflow and air pressure measurements were carried out at ten European and American sites with different land use (grassland, crop, forest, urban). The air pressure fluctuations were generally measured above the soil surface and airflow above the site-specific canopy (above trees in forests, on the top of a high building in the city). The measurements took place between 2016 and 2020 and commonly lasted at least one month per site.Results show that the site-specific PPC increases in a quadratic relationship with above-canopy wind speed at all sites. The data was very close to a quadratic relationship at sites with rather uniform forests and level topography (R&#178; > 0.92), while more complex sites revealed a larger scattering of this correlation (R&#178; > 0.65).At some sites, the PPC is also highly dependent on the prevailing wind direction. It is shown that the local surface roughness of the plant canopy can be excluded as a main driver of the PPC. Moreover, analysis of surface roughness parameters suggests that the topographic exposure around the measurement sites is responsible for the variability in the PPC.However, due to the limited data availability and the complexity of the sites (topography, canopy, buildings), it cannot yet be ruled out that other effects have an influence on the PPC. In any case, from the results it can be inferred that wind-induced air pressure fluctuations responsible for pressure-pumping are detectable over a variety of natural and artificial surfaces. It must, therefore, be assumed that they have the potential to increase the diffusion-limited transport rate of trace gases in the soil as well as the soil-atmosphere exchange of trace gases over a large number of surfaces during periods of high wind speed.

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