scholarly journals Antidiarrhoeal activity of fractions of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal female Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoban S. Salimon ◽  
Musa T. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
The University

Background: The aqueous extract of Mangifera indica leaves (AEMIL) has been substantiated for its antidiarrhoeal activity without information on the antidiarrhoeal-rich solvent fraction.Aim: This study evaluated the antidiarrhoeal activity of solvent–solvent fractions from M. indica leaves in female Wistar rats.Setting: This is laboratory animal-based phytopharmacological investigation conducted at the University of Ilorin.Methods: Aqueous extract of M. indica leaves was successfully fractionated to give ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (NBF) and aqueous residual fraction (ARF). The fractions at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) were screened for antidiarrhoeal activity. The antidiarrhoeal index (ADI) was also computed.Results: Ethyl acetate fraction, NBF and ARF significantly (p 0.05) extended the onset of diarrhoea, reduced fecal parameters (number, weight and water content of feaces and number of diarrhoeal feaces), masses and volumes of intestinal fluid, distance covered by charcoal meal, peristaltic index and its inhibition, with ARF exhibiting the most pronounced effects. The ADI at 25 and 100 mg/kg bw (equivalent doses of 14.09 and 56.3 mg/kg bw, respectively) of ARF which were 55.19 and 49.87, respectively were similar to 48.50 produced by loperamide/atropine sulphate. The ADI of 32.36 and 10.18 for 100 mg/kg bw each (equivalent of 26.41 and 17.24 mg/kg bw) of EAF and NBF respectively, were lower than that of loperamide/atropine sulphate (48.50).Conclusion: Of all the fractions, the 25 mg/kg bw of ARF produced the most profound antidiarrhoeal activity via anti-motility and anti-secretory mechanisms.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daging Buah Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera Casturi) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dan Bacillus Cereus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Meliana Meliana ◽  
Sogandi Sogandi ◽  
Ekajayanti Kining
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) is a typical plant of South Kalimantan which has only been used for consumption because of its distinctive taste and aroma. Mangifera indica, which is in the same genus as Mangifera casturi, shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiarrheal activity, so it is suspected that this plant has the same activity. Crude methanol extract from the meat of Casturi mango was fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water. Testing for antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were carried out using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The positive control used was Chloramphenicol because it has an antibacterial range that is rather broad and the negative control used was 10% DMSO. The fraction that had the greatest antibacterial activity was the ethyl acetate fraction; with the formation of a clear zone of 7.98mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7.52mm against Bacillus cereus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2mg/mL. The next test was a cell leakage analysis which revealed an increase in absorbance at MIC 1 and MIC 2. The Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results from the ethyl acetate fraction revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoide content, with the highest compound concentration of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Keywords: Antibacterial, Extract, Ethyl acetate, fraction, Mangifera casturi Abstrak Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) merupakan tumbuhan khas Kalimantan Selatan yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan untuk dikonsumsi karena rasa dan aromanya yang khas. Mangifera indica yang masih satu genus dengan Mangifera casturi menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, antibakteri, antijamur, dan antidiare sehingga diduga tanaman ini memiliki aktivitas yang sama. Ekstrak kasar metanol daging buah mangga kasturi difraksinasi dengan menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan metanol-air. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dan kadar hambat minimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby- Bauer). Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Chloramfenikol karena memiliki spektrum antibakteri yang cukup luas dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO 10%. Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terbesar pada penelitian ini adalah fraksi etil asetat dengan terbentuknya zona bening sebesar 7,98mm terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 7,52mm terhadap Bacillus cereus dengan kadar hambat minimum 2mg/mL. Uji selanjutnya adalah uji kebocoran sel yang menyatakan adanya peningkatan absorbansi pada KHM 1 dan KHM 2. Hasil pemeriksaan Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) dari fraksi etil asetat menyatakan adanya kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan glikosida dengan senyawa tertinggi yaitu 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Ekstrak, Etil asetat, Fraksi, Mangifera castur

scholarly journals Assessment of Paronychia Argentea Extraction on Kidney Stone by Using Calcium Oxalate Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1745-1754
Author(s):  
Mousa K. Magharbeh ◽  
Tayel A. Al-Hujran ◽  
Saied M. I. Al-Dalaen ◽  
Abdul-Wahab R. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Oxalate Dihydrate

Urinary calculi are stones (urolithiasis) that can form anywhere in urinary tract outside of the kidneys and mostly composed of calcium oxalate and phosphate, additionally with elevated throughout the last two decades in the world. Chemical composition plays a major part in nephrolithiasis. Therefore, the high concentrations of lithogenic substances in urine enhance the crystallization method in urine tract system. The most kidney stones form from calcium oxalate, the present study was inspected the effect of the crude aqueous extract as well as the fractionated methanol extract (ethyl acetate, isopropanol, acetone and methanol residue) of paronychia argentea on the crystallization of calcium oxalate salts. The effect of aqueous extract and fractionated methanol extract on the size, number, type of calcium oxalate crystals. Paronychia argentea both the crude aqueous and the fractionated extract, especially ethyl acetate fraction have antiurolithic activity via reducing crystal size as well as activate the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals out from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) with increasing concentration of extract. The shifting of crystallization process to producing calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) rather than oxalate monohydrate (COM) and the reducing the crystal size and calcium ion concentration, in addition to the diuretic action of extract plays an important role in controlling urolithiasis.

scholarly journals THE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF PSOROSPERMUM FEBRIFUGUM SPACHROOT BARKS AQUEOUS EXTRACT IS A GOOD STIMULATOR OF HEMATOPOIESIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1018-1026
Author(s):  
Maximin Senou ◽  
◽  
Pascal Atchade Tchogou ◽  
Felicienne Agbogba ◽  
Ezeckiel Jacques Lokonon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Extract Fraction ◽  
Dose Dependent

PsorospermumfebrifugumSpach. (Clusiaceae) is a medicinal plant found in Benin whose root bark was effective in treating anemia. To identify the family of chemical compounds of this organ was responsible for its hematopoietic efficiency, this work aimed to test the ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract of the plant organ on anemic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were anemic by phenylhydrazinechloridrate on D0. From day 2 to day 15, some were gavage fed with the ethyl acetate fraction of PsorospermumfebrifugumSpach root bark aqueous extract at 40 or 60 mg / kg / day. Others received either vitafer as a reference drug or distilled water (untreated anemic group). Blood samples were collected from these rats and non-anemic control rats at days 0, 2, 7, 10 and 15 for the blood count and osmotic resistance of red blood cells. Results: At D2, phenylhydrazine significantly decreased hemoglobin and red blood cell number, which were corrected on D7 by the extract fraction with a dose-dependent effect. The extract fraction rapidly stimulated release of macrocytes, immature red blood cells in the first week to compensate the anemia. The extract did not affect blood platelet number, suggesting some specificity of action on the red blood cell line. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of Psorospermumfebrifugum root bark aqueous extract stimulated erythropoiesis faster than the crude extract. Its action seemed specific and dose-dependent. It would probably be related to the flavonoids which action mechanism needs to be explored.

scholarly journals Ethyl acetate fraction of Psorospermum febrifugum Spach aqueous extract did not exhibit acute or sub-chronic toxicity. Experimental study on Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
F Agbogba ◽  
M Sènou ◽  
AP Tchogou ◽  
JE Lokonon ◽  
TI Sacramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Function Tests

Psorospermum febrifugum Spach (Clusiaceae) was a tropical plant whose root bark was used to treat anemia. This work aimed to evaluate the safety of the ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract of this bark. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction of the extract was administered to Wistar rats in a single dose of 2000 mg / Kg body weight for acute oral toxicity test or daily doses of 200 mg / Kg of body weight during 28 days for sub-chronic oral toxicity test, as recommended by the OECD. At day 0, then at day 14 for the acute phase and day 28 for the sub-chronic phase, the rats were weighed and their blood collected for tests. The activity of transaminases AST and ALT were measured in the liver function tests, blood urea and creatinine were measured for renal function tests and blood leukocytes were counted for the immune balance. These analyzes were supplemented by the histology of the liver, kidneys and spleen, an immune organ. Results: In acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity tests, rat’s weight, liver, kidney and immune balances as well as these organs histology were not affected, suggesting the safety of the extract fraction. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract of the root bark of Psorospermum febrifugum did not reveal any acute or sub-chronic oral toxicity. This effect could be related to its richness in flavonoids which have cytoprotective effects. The study of biological tolerance deserves to be continued by the chronic toxicity test and appropriate clinical trials.

Acaricidal Activities of Materials Derived from Pyrus ussuriensis Fruits against Stored Food Mites

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1258-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
JU-HYUN JEON ◽  
JI-YEON YANG ◽  
HOI-SEON LEE
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Benzyl Benzoate ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques

The acaricidal activities of materials derived from Pyrus ussuriensis fruits were evaluated against Tyrophagus putrescentiae and compared with that of commercial acaricide (benzyl benzoate). On the basis of the 50% lethal dose (LD50) values, the ethyl acetate fraction of the fractions obtained from an aqueous extract of P. ussuriensis fruits had the highest acaricidal activity (16.32 μg/cm2) against T. putrescentiae. The acaricidal constituent of P. ussuriensis fruits was isolated by chromatographic techniques and identified as 1,4-benzoquinone. On the basis of the LD50 values, 1,4-benzoquinone (1.98 μg/cm2) was 5.9 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate (11.69 μg/cm2), followed by 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (3.29 μg/cm2), and 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (5.03 μg/cm2) against T. putrescentiae in the fumigant bioassay. In a filter paper bioassay, the acaricidal activity of 1,4-benzoquinone (0.07 μg/cm2) was 120.1 times more effective than that of benzyl benzoate (8.41 μg/cm2), followed by 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (0.11 μg/cm2) and 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (0.30 μg/cm2) against T. putrescentiae. These results demonstrate that P. ussuriensis fruit–derived material and its derivatives have potential as new preventive agents for the control of stored food mites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical and Anti-diarrheal Activity of Methanol Stembark Extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
H.A. Ismail ◽  
H.S. Hassan ◽  
M. Ilyas ◽  
A.A. Sadam ◽  
A.A. Sadam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Gastric Transit Time

Introduction: The plant Combretum hypopilinum has many medicinal uses in Africa. Infusion of fresh or dry leaves are commonly taken as cholagogic, diuretic, and purgative and also to treat gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhoea, dysentery, and stomach achesObjective: To carry out phytochemical and antidiarrheal studies on the methanol stembark extract of C. hypopilinum.Methods: The C. hypopilinum stembark (1kg) were extracted with methanol using cold maceration method for 9 days. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporator and the extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate to give the n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, acute toxicity study and antidiarrheal activity using animal models.Result: The following metabolites: carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenol, steroids, terpenes, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were revealed when the phytochemical screening of the plant extract was carried out. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of crude extract in mice and rats was estimated to be above 5000 mg/kg. The antidiarrheal activity carried out at dose 150, 300 and 600 mg/bw i.p. using castor oil induced diarrheal, gastric-transit time and anti-enteropooling tests in mice and rats. The extract significantly (P<0.05) inhibited diarrheal in mice and rats with highest protection/ inhibition of 93.1% and 87.9% at doses of 600 and 300 mg/kg (dose dependently) which compared with atropine sulphate (86.2%) respectively, in the castor-oil induced diarrheal test in mice. The extract also significantly (P<0.05) inhibited diarrheal in charcoal meal test with the highest % protection of 24.38% at dose 600 mg/kg and compared with loperamide (28.80%). The anti-enteropooling test in rats showed 68% inhibition of diarrheal as compared to atropine sulphate with 78% inhibition.Conclusion: The results indicated that the methanol stembark extract of Combretum hypopilinum possesses significant dose dependant antidiarrheal activity (p<0.05) in all the antidiarrheal tests. Thus, the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of diarrheal is highly justified in this study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L (King and Robinson)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
S.H.J. Mayela Nkouka ◽  
D.S. Kiéssé ◽  
R.D.G. Elion Itou ◽  
A.W. Etou Ossibi ◽  
A.A. Abena
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Other Hand

This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg). ¶The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated on the diarrhoea induced by the castor oil, the charcoal test (intestinal transit time) and on the accumulation of the intestinal fluid induced by the castor oil (Enteropooling).¶The results obtained show that the aqueous extract at the doses used significantly decrease (p<0,001) the frequency of emission, the quantity and the onset of appearance of the faces induced by the castor oil. ¶The aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) does not decrease significantly the intestinal transit (p>0.05) but on the other hand significantly decrease (p<0.01) the accumulation of the fluid in the intestine induced by the castor oil. ¶In conclusion the aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) has an antidiarrheal effect who could be explained by interference with the mechanisms of secretion of the electrolytes. ¶These results would justify the use of plant on the traditional treatment of the diarrhoea.¶ Keywords: antidiarrheal effect, Castor oil, intestinal transit, enteropooling, Chromolaena odorata

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