scholarly journals Die grapteks met verwysing na die interessantheidsbeginsel

Literator ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. De Bruyn
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
The Real ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect

Jokes are special kinds of texts: they do not communicate something about the real, existing world like some other kinds of texts do, because they are worlds in themselves. These units of discourse consist of two components: a build-up and a punch line, the latter being the source of humour, mainly because it possesses elements of surprise. Although mostly fictitious, jokes do make use of an element of truth, or at least some common knowledge. They can also be seen as speech acts, acts of humour with the perlocutionary effect to amuse in mind. When De Beaugrande and Dressier's characteristics of a successful text are applied, jokes can be seen to fit the description. As in the case of other literary genres, jokes can be described as fiction because they are also special expressions with well-defined conventions. These special kinds of texts are spontaneously recognised for what they are. When those elements distinguishing jokes as such are removed, the effects jokes have are cancelled. These removed elements are thus proved to be essentials. The element of surprise, caused by the condensation of several meanings in the punch line, seems to be of vital importance in this respect. Jokes are intended to amuse. Jokes are consciously told with this purpose in mind and they are noticed because of that. It will be argued, using appropriate examples, that these special effects are achieved by means of the principle of interest. The exploitation of pragmatic means is used to attain this.

scholarly journals An Investigation on How University Students’ View Lecturers’ Usage of Speech Acts in ELT context

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Mutiara Shasqia ◽  
Aulia Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Communication Context ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect

Teachers and lecturers alike understand that they must consciously use a variety of speech acts to force students to follow their instructions and be motivated to learn on their own. This paper reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the notion of the perlocutionary effect of university students in the classroom resulted from lecturers’ illocutionary acts. The acts were then analyzed the illocutionary act of the lecturers’ talk or speech during specific time using Austin’s speech act theory. This present study built its investigation from data collection on both lecturers and university students through interview and field notes. This study manage to reveals that lecturers freely use speech acts of persuading, angering, and commanding. This study believes that illocutionary acts will still have happened in our interaction's life or communication in many-many context including classroom interaction between lecturer-students communication context.

REQUESTING SPEECH ACT OF UTTERANCES IN OCEAN’S ELEVEN BY STEVEN SODERBERGH: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Nurul Hasanah ◽  
Japen Sarage
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Real ◽  
Syntactic Form ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Actual Use

The term sentence and utterance are made different in terms that the former refers to syntactic structure, while the latter points out the actual function of such a structure in real communication. The same things apply to the terms request and requesting. The first term suggests the structural characteristics of sentence asking people to do something while the second term indicates the real sentence causing people to do something. The first deals with formal grammar while the second deals with pragmatics the actual use of language in communication.This article attempts to see requesting in its possible different syntactic forms as parts of speech acts in Ocean’sEleven by Steven Soderbergh. A pragmatic approach is applied since it uses context as a part of linguistic analysis involving the speaker, addressee, time, location, and genre in the conversation. A syntactic form of a sentence only cannot represent the real meaning of intention.The analysis of speech act of the conversation in the film brings us to an understanding that pragmatics encourage us to comprehend different kinds of setting to achieve requesting as a part of language use. Pragmatics as a branch of linguistics reveals mutual understanding between the speaker and the hearer.

Nicole Kidman in Blue Light: Stanley Kubrick’s Eyes Wide Shut (1999)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laleen Jayamanne
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

The strange, inexplicable movement of light and colour of the image is examined in relationship to Nicole Kidman’s unique form of acting in this film. Kidman acts in slow motion. The dynamism of colour and Kidman’s slowed-down speech acts are explored to show how, together, they transform the relationship between the heterosexual married fictional couple Alice and Bill, played by the real-life couple Kidman and Cruise. Kubrick taps into and draws out Kidman’s metamorphic powers as an actor. The industrial, technical, and aesthetic context is Kubrick’s experiments with light and colour on celluloid, at the moment of its obsolescence.

scholarly journals THE SOCIETY OF MINANGKABAU IN TULIS St. SATI’S SENGSARA MEMBAWA NIKMAT: BETWEEN LOCAL TRADITIONS AND ISLAMIC TEACHINGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Betty Mauli
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
Local Traditions

<p>The culture of Minangkabau is different from the ones generally existing in Indonesia, particularly compared to the Javanese culture. Therefore, the culture of Minangkabau is often considered as a contradictory or antithesis of the Javanese culture, frequently represented as the overall culture of Indonesia. The peculiarity of Minangkabau culture lays in its matrilineality which influences lineage and inheritance. The contradictory matter refers to the society of Minangkabau that is the largest Islamic followers in Indonesia, yet their ancestral traditions are not completely in line with the Islamic teachings, some even are contradictory. It is a common knowledge that a literary work is not born from an ‘empty culture’ meaning that a literary work must be influenced by its author. Even some of literary experts believe that a society described in a novel is the real society where the author lives. It is similar to the novel of <em>Sengsara Membawa Nikmat </em>of Sutan Sati, which is the object of this paper. The novel describes the society of Minangkabau in the early 20<sup>th </sup>century, at the end of 1920s to be exact.This research shows how the efforts of Minangkabau people in adopting the Islamic teachings completely and how Islam adapts to the Minangkabau hereditary traditions. Some of the traditions may exist in accordance with the Islamic teachings, but some do not. Even there is a need to gather all headman of the ethnic group to decide a case which is not in line with Islam, whether following pure traditions or Islam as it should be. </p>

scholarly journals A comprehensive survey of industry practice in real-time systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Akesson ◽  
Mitra Nasri ◽  
Geoffrey Nelissen ◽  
Sebastian Altmeyer ◽  
Robert I. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Real Time Systems ◽  
The Real ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Time Systems

AbstractThis paper presents results and observations from a survey of 120 industry practitioners in the field of real-time embedded systems. The survey provides insights into the characteristics of the systems being developed today and identifies important trends for the future. It extends the results from the survey data to the broader population that it is representative of, and discusses significant differences between application domains. The survey aims to inform both academics and practitioners, helping to avoid divergence between industry practice and academic research. The value of this research is highlighted by a study showing that the aggregate findings of the survey are not common knowledge in the real-time systems community.

scholarly journals Dialogic pedagogy and semiotic-dialogic inquiry into visual literacies and augmented reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. A60-A73
Author(s):  
Zoe Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Dialogic Learning ◽  
Dialogic Inquiry

Technological determinism has been driving conceptions of technology enhanced learning for the last two decades at least. The abrupt shift to the emergency delivery of online courses during COVID-19 has accelerated big tech’s coup d’état of higher education, perhaps irrevocably. Yet, commercial technologies are not necessarily aligned with dialogic conceptions of learning while a technological transmission model negates learners’ input and interactions. Mikhail Bakhtin viewed words as the multivocal bridge to social thought. His theory of the polysemy of language, that has subsequently been termed dialogism, has strong correlations with the semiotic philosophy of American pragmatist Charles Sanders Peirce. Peirce’s semiotic philosophy of signs extends far beyond words, speech acts, linguistics, literary genres, and/or indeed human activity. This study traces links between Bakhtin’s dialogism with Peirce’s semiotics. Conceptual synthesis develops the semiotic-dialogic framework. Taking augmented reality as a theoretical case, inquiry illustrates that while technologies are subsuming traditional pedagogies, teachers and learners, this does not necessarily open dialogic learning. This is because technologies are never dialogic, in and of themselves, although semiotic learning always involves social actors’ interpretations of signs. Crucially, semiotic-dialogism generates theorising of the visual literacies required by learners to optimise technologies for dialogic learning.

Dalla referenza alla relazione: analisi interlocutoria di un uso competitivo della parola scambiata

IKON ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 263-294
Author(s):  
Carla Mazzoledi
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Relationship

- The paper begins from the consideration that the speech is a form of social action. The present study aims at showing as in all conversations is impossible to separate cognitive-representational aspects from social-relational aspects of the speech, because the relationship is very important to get into communication with people. In specific contexts, full of symbolic aspects, relational aspects are the basis of the contract communication, and represent the real ‘stake in game'. In a situation of political discussion, enlarged by the television mediation, the interaction is strategically oriented to persuasive and competitive purposed. In this study, the method of Conversations Analysis shows the most frequent strategies of the speech competitive use. In particular, the most frequent strategy consist of attacking the preparatory conditions and the sincerity conditions of speech acts accomplished by interlocutor, to attack his face and so to attack him as a person.

scholarly journals Pelibatan Tuhan dalam Wacana Larangan Membuang Sampah: Antara Doa dan Sumpah Serapah

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Wira Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect ◽  
Directive Speech

One of the main community problems related to rubbish is disposing of it carelessly. This fact then gave rise to various responses such as placing the no-littering signs conveyed through prayer and swearing. This paper aims to examine the discourse elements, the functions and strategies of speech acts, and the use of discourse context.  By qualitatively classifying data obtained from several articles and pictures related to the issue, this paper found that in various no-littering-sign through prayers and/or swearing, the discourse was formed from the core elements of the prohibition and various supporting elements, namely more alert preparation, gounder, imposition, and identity. The speech act is in the form of a forbidden-directive speech act to others, but is conveyed through a request-directive speech act to God in order to get a more substantial perlocutionary effect. This is conveyed by explicit and implicit, direct and indirect strategies, literal and non-literal, and express and implied speech acts. The context used relates to life quality and condition. Thus, the emotive function of language is more dominantly used in this type of no-littering sign than the conative function which is generally found in directive speech acts. Salah satu masalah utama masyarakat terkait sampah adalah membuangnya secara sembarangan. Sebagai respons, kemudian muncullah berbagai reaksi seperti rambu larangan membuang sampah sembarangan yang disampaikan melalui doa dan sumpah serapah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji unsur-unsur wacana, fungsi dan strategi tindak tutur, serta pemanfaatan konteks wacana tersebut. Dengan mengklasifikasikan data secara kualitatif melalui beberapa artikel dan gambar yang terkait dengan masalah tersebut, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa dalam berbagai tanda larangan membuang sampah sembarangan melalui doa dan/atau umpatan, wacana terbentuk dari unsur inti larangan dan berbagai unsur pendukung. Tindak tutur tersebut berupa tindak tutur direktif terlarang kepada orang lain, tetapi disampaikan melalui tindak tutur direktif permintaan kepada Tuhan agar memperoleh efek perlokusi yang lebih substansial. Hal ini disampaikan melalui strategi eksplisit dan implisit, strategi langsung dan tidak langsung, literal dan non literal, serta tindak tutur tersurat dan tersirat. Konteks yang digunakan berkaitan dengan kualitas dan kondisi hidup, khususnya yang bersifat celaka dan penderitaan. Dengan demikian, fungsi emotif bahasa lebih dominan digunakan pada jenis tanda larangan membuang sampah sembarangan daripada fungsi konatif yang umumnya terdapat pada tindak tutur direktif.

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