Sonographic gallbladder wall thickness in normal adult population in Nigeria

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the ultrasonic gallbladder wall thickness in normal adult Nigerians so as to create standards for defining gallbladder abnormalities in Nigerians. Method. Four hundred adults comprising 228 (57%) women and 172 (43%) men aged 16 - 78 years, who had normal clinical history and physical findings, were recruited. The gallbladder wall thickness was obtained in the supine, prone and right anterior oblique positions. Differences in gallbladder wall thickness were determined using the chi-square test, while the relationship between the ultrasound-measured gallbladder wall thickness and the subjects’ age, sex, height and weight were analysed using the Pearson product moment correlation. Normal ranges and related statistics were estimated and tabulated according to age group and sex. Results. The mean age of the subjects was 32±13.2 years. The mean gallbladder wall thickness range was 1.8 - 2.8 mm±0.5mm. The thickness range for females was 1.7 - 2.7 mm±0.5 mm, and that for males was 1.9 - 2.9 mm±0.5 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p

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Facial Profile Shape, Malocclusion and Palatal Morphology in Malay Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/011509-26.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. M. Banabilh ◽

A. R. Samsudin ◽

A. H. Suzina ◽

Sidek Dinsuhaimi

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Null Hypothesis ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Chi Square ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in facial profile shape, malocclusion class, or palatal morphology in Malay adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: Subjects were 120 adult Malays aged 18 to 65 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 33.2 ± 13.31) divided into two groups of 60. Both groups underwent clinical examination and limited channel polysomnography (PSG). The mean OSA and control values were subjected to t-test and the chi square test. Results: Physical examination showed that 61.7% of the OSA patients were obese, and 41.7% of those obese patients had severe OSA. The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly greater for the OSA group (33.2 kg/m2 ± 6.5) than for the control group (22.7 kg/m2 ± 3.5; P < .001). The mean neck size and systolic blood pressure were greater for the OSA group (43.6 cm ± 6.02; 129.1 mm Hg ± 17.55) than for the control group (35.6 cm ± 3.52; 114.1 mm Hg ± 13.67; P < .001). Clinical examination showed that the most frequent findings among OSA groups when compared with the control group were convex profiles (71.7%), Class II malocclusion (51.7%), and V palatal shape (53.3%), respectively; the chi square test revealed a significant difference in terms of facial profile and malocclusion class (P < .05), but no significant difference in palatal shape was found. Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. A convex facial profile and Class II malocclusion were significantly more common in the OSA group. The V palatal shape was a frequent finding in the OSA group.

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Palatal Rugae Pattern in Nepalese Subjects

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10076 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 36-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dipshikha Bajracharya ◽

Anisha Vaidya ◽

Sunaina Thapa ◽

Sujita Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Population Differentiation ◽

Forensic Odontology ◽

Chi Square ◽

Statistical Significant Difference ◽

Palatal Rugae ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Gender Groups

Objective: To determine the number and pattern of palatal rugae in Nepalese subjects and to find the association of gender with the number and pattern of palatal rugae. Materials & Method: 200 Nepalese subjects comprising of 100 male and 100 female were randomly selected and their maxillary casts were examined for the palatal rugae length applying the classification proposed by Thomas and Kotze and palatal rugae pattern was recorded using the classification given by Kapali. Statistical analysis using Student t-test was applied for comparing the number of palatal rugae between right and left sides. Chi square test was used to find the association between gender and number of rugae as well as the pattern. Result: The study demonstrated that the mean number of primary palatal rugae on left side was predominant, similarly wavy pattern was the most predominant in Nepalese subjects. No statistical significant difference was noticed in the palatal rugae number and pattern between the gender groups. Conclusion: The study found predominant palatal form in Nepalese subjects which might have superior effectiveness in population differentiation and may be used as an effective tool in forensic odontology identification.

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Predictive factors in identifying operative risks in cholecystectomies

10.1101/694182 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Murat Kanlioz ◽

Ugur Ekici

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Gallbladder Wall ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽

Preoperative Period ◽

Chi Square ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to forecast findings showing the difficulty of operation in cholecystectomy through pre-operative examinations and reduce morbidity and mortality with the predictive data obtained.Materials and MethodsIn the preoperative period, the followings were measured in patients who will undergo cholecystectomy: C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), WBC, Neutrophil ratio (NR), erythrocyte distribution range (RDW), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB). Following the preoperative ultrasound (USG), the patients were recorded in two groups as patients with “normal” and “increased” gallbladder wall thickness. Also, the patients were asked if they underwent ERCP and whether they received antibiotic treatment in the last 10 days due to their disease in the preoperative period. The appearance of the peroperative gallbladder was recorded in two groups as “has a normal appearance” or “edematous and/or adherent to peripheral tissues”. Whether or not there is a correlation between the preoperative findings and peroperative appearance was evaluated. The recordings and analyzes were made using SPSS statistics program. Correlation between the data were analyzed by Chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe study achieved statistically significant results for the correlation between the “gallbladder edema and/or adhesion to peripheral tissues” in the peroperative period and the following five parameters: increased WBC, increased NR, increased gallbladder wall thickness at USG, compulsory ERCP and receipt of antibiotic treatment for the disease in the last 10 days.(p<0,05).ConclusionTaking into consideration the presence, in the preoperative period, of some or all of the five criteria-namely, increased WBC, increased NR, increased gallbladder wall thickness at USG, receiving antibiotic treatment for the disease in the last 10 days and undergoing ERCP-in patients with cholelithiasis for whom cholecystectomy is envisaged would make it easier to estimate the degree of difficulty of the surgery and the possibility of encountering difficult and complicated cases.

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Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries in Lagos, Nigeria

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8666341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. e226341

Author(s):

Moses Okechukwu Azouru ◽

Modupe Olufunmilayo Ashiwaju ◽

Augustine Edomwonyi ◽

Afolabi Oyapero ◽

Bola Obisesan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean

Treatment of dental caries in children still remains challenging due to lack of cooperation with conventional treatment modalities. Recently, the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has proved useful in addressing this challenge. Aim: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in arresting caries in children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a phase III balanced randomized controlled school based interventional study on 240 children. The study group was treated with SDF while GIC was used in the control group. Follow up visits in 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months were carried out to assess the treatment outcome. Inferential statistics with the use of Pearson Chi-square test and Independent Student t-test were used at 5% level of significance. Results: There was significant relationship between SDF and caries arrest in 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months’ assessment period (p = 0.001). The control group showed continuous decline (71.7%, 54.3% and 50.9%) in restorative success from 2 weeks to 3 months respectively. The mean ± SD and Confidence Interval (CI) of arrested caries in the SDF group were 113± 1.24 and 113.1 – 113.5 respectively. In the control group the mean ± SD and CI of restorative success were 69.3±11.8 and 67.2 – 71.4. The effect size was 5.24. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that SDF was effective in arresting caries in children without any harm and there was statistically significant difference in the use of 38% SDF in arresting caries in children.

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Agreement between Impression of Stroke in the Emergency Department and Diagnosis at the Neurology Department

Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.7575/aiac.abcmed.v.7n.3p.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Samad Shams-Vahdati ◽

Alireza Ala ◽

Eliar Sadeghi-Hokmabad ◽

Neda Parnianfard ◽

Maedeh Gheybi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Chi Square ◽

Prevention Therapy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Academic Teaching Hospital ◽

The Mean

Background: Missing to detect an ischemic stroke in the emergency department leads to miss acute interventions and treatment with secondary prevention therapy. Our study examined the diagnosis of stroke in the emergency department (ED) and neurology department of an academic teaching hospital. Methods and Materials: A retrospective chart review was performed from March 2017 to March 2018. ED medical document (chart) were reviewed by a stroke neurologist to collect the clinical diagnosis and characteristics of ischemic stroke patients. For determining the cases of misdiagnosed and over diagnosed data, the administrative data codes were compared with the chart adjudicated diagnosis. The adjusted estimate of effect was estimated through testing the significant variables in a multivariable model. The comparisons were done with chi square test. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results: Of 861 patients of the study, 54% were males and 43% were females; and the mean age of them was 66.51 ± 15.70. We find no statically significant difference between patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in the emergency department (12.87±3.25) and patients GCS in the neurology department (11.77±5.15). There were 18 (2.2%) overdiagnosed of ischemic stroke, 8 (0.9%) misdiagnosed of ischemic stroke and 36 (4.1%) misdiagnosed of hemorrhagic strokes in the emergency department. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between impression of stroke in the emergency department and diagnosis at the neurology department.

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Preoperative Gabapentin Administration and Its Impact on Postoperative Opioid Requirement and Pain in Sinonasal Surgery

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599820952805 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 019459982095280

Author(s):

Amarbir S. Gill ◽

Farrukh R. Virani ◽

Joshua C. Hwang ◽

Machelle D. Wilson ◽

Angela M. Beliveau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Chi Square ◽

Vas Score ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Sinonasal Outcome Test ◽

The Mean

Objective To determine the efficacy of preoperative gabapentin on patient-reported pain levels and postoperative opioid requirements following sinonasal surgery. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting Academic institution. Methods Patients undergoing sinonasal surgery between July 2019 and January 2020 were followed. Groups were divided into those that received 600 mg of oral gabapentin 1 hour preoperatively (gabapentin) and those that did not (control). Postoperatively, each patient was counseled to use acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and oxycodone as needed for pain control. Patients completed a daily postoperative pain and medication log. Pain was measured by the visual analog scale (VAS) and opioid use by morphine equivalent dose (MED). Chi-square test and Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis. Results Fifty-seven patients were included (control, n = 28; gabapentin, n = 29). There was no significant difference in age, sex, or baseline Sinonasal Outcome Test–22 scores between the groups. The total MED, postoperative day (POD) 1-2 MED, POD 3-4 MED, and POD 5-6 MED did not differ significantly between the control (17.9, 12.2, 4.6, 1.5) and gabapentin (19.0, 8.9, 7.2, 3.5) groups ( P = .98, .25, .16, .44). The mean daily VAS score did not differ significantly between the control (3.1) and gabapentin (2.8) groups ( P = .81). The mean daily VAS score decreased significantly in both groups with each successive POD ( P = .004). Conclusion Preoperative gabapentin did not significantly reduce postoperative pain or opioid use. Postoperative discomfort following sinonasal surgery is mild, and opioid intake is minimal.

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Periodontal Status and Risk Factors among Adults of Sebha City (Libya)

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2012/787502 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Wali Peeran ◽

A. J. A. Ranjith Singh ◽

G. Alagamuthu ◽

Syed Ali Peeran ◽

P. G. Naveen Kumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Level ◽

Target Population ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

The present study was aimed at assessing the periodontal status and risk factors like age, gender, tooth brushing habit, and smoking among the adult population of Sebha city, Libya. 452 adults, aged 35–54 years, comprised the study sample. 266 (58.84%) were females and 186 (41.15%) were males. Data was collected by interview and clinical examination using CPI of CPITN index. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis at 5% level of significance. Results indicate that 76.32% used toothbrush and paste; 8.84% were current smokers and were all males. Majority, 52.65% were, detected with shallow pockets followed by 30.08% with calculus, 12.17% had deep pockets, 3.31% had bleeding, and only 1.33% were healthy. Age, gender, current smoking status and frequency of tooth brushing showed statistically significant difference with CPI codes. Health professionals can utilize this data to identify individuals at risk and to target population level interventions.

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Ultrasonography of the Gallbladder in Acute Pancreatitis

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418518903000415 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 403-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Soiva

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Acute Cholecystitis ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Gallbladder Wall ◽

Sonographic Appearance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Local Tenderness ◽

The Mean ◽

Fluid Collections

The sonographic appearance of the gallbladder in 52 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) was evaluated and compared with the findings in acute cholecystitis (AC) and in normal gallbladders (N). The mean gallbladder wall thickness in the AP group, 3.2 mm, was significantly different from the thickness in the N group, 2.3 mm (p<0.001), and from that in the AC group, 5.2 mm (p<0.001). Wall edema, distension, tenderness (sonographic Murphy sign) and pericholecystic fluid collections were occasional findings in AP, and were not seen in normal gallbladders. A significant difference between the AP and AC groups was found in the prevalence of maximal local tenderness of the gallbladder (in only 2/52 in AP, but in 28/31 in AC).

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Self-Empowerment of Female Students in Prevention of Osteoporosis

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n2p7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nader Sharifi ◽

Fereshteh Majlessi

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Female Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Spss Software ◽

Descriptive Survey

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease affecting society, particularly women and girls. Osteoporosis is a chronic, multifactorial disease, which is currently prevalent as the life expectancy and aging population is increasing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate self-empowerment (knowledge, attitudes, life skills and self-efficacy) of female students for prevention of osteoporosis.METHODS: This study used a descriptive survey. Participants included 60 female students of Islamic Azad University, Sharekord. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire measuring self-empowerment for prevention of osteoporosis. In addition to descriptive indicators, t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze data by SPSS software.RESULTS: Self-empowerment of female students, including attitude, social skills and self-efficacy, is optimal for prevention of osteoporosis. The mean of these three components is significantly higher than the assumed mean (3). However, their knowledge is not optimal. There is no significant difference in frequency of correct and incorrect responses.CONCLUSION: Female students do not have adequate knowledge for prevention of osteoporosis and require training in this area.

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A hospital-based study of severe anemia in adults in Eastern India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20185183 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Subhash C. Dash ◽

Naba K. Sundaray ◽

Promod K. Tudu ◽

Beeravelli Rajesh

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Severe Anemia ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Absolute Iron Deficiency

Background: Anemia remains a crucial health problem in developing countries. Cardiac compromise and fatal complications usually occur at Hb of <5g/dL. The aim of the study was to determine possible etiologic and clinical profile in adult patients with very severe anemia (Hb of <5g/dL).Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a teaching hospital of Odisha over a period of 12months. A total of 70 patients of both men and non-pregnant women admitted to the medicine wards were included after exclusion. Detailed history, clinical examination and investigation findings were recorded. Independent ‘t’ test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Pearson chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used as applicable, to compare the variables.Results: The mean Hb (g/dL) was 3.73 ±0.85 and the mean age of the study group was 53.34±17.75years. No significant difference was observed in the severity of anemia between the female (mean Hb of 3.56±0.93) and male patients (mean Hb of 3.87±0.77) (p=0.130). The most frequent etiology found was absolute iron deficiency (44.3%, n=31) and mostly (41.9%) found in the age group of ≥65years (p<0.001). Congestive cardiac failure was found in 20% (n=14) of patients and majority of patients (64.2%, n=9) were males (p<0.001).Conclusions: Iron deficiency is the principal cause of very severe anemia in adults rather than malignancy or anemia of chronic disease and only about one fourth of patients develop heart failure even with very severe anemia.

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