Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in self-reported diabetics among various ethnic groups and associated risk factors in North-East India: A hospital-based study

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is an important neglected zoonotic disease caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Brucella affecting different mammalian species including man. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels and human and its associated risk factors in Amibara district of Afar region, North east Ethiopia from October 2019 to May 2020Result: A total of 250 camel and 120 human sera were serially tested using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The overall seroprevalence of camel brucellosis in the current study was 7.6% (95% CI: 4.9-11.56) using RBPT and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.63-6.2) by combined RBPT and CFT. In Human twelve (10%) of the collected sera were positive by RBPT among which only four of them (3.33%) were positive by CFT. The risk factors analysis indicated that, age, body condition, number of parity and abortion history were significantly associated with brucella seropositivity in camel(P≤0.05). In human, occupation and non-protective handling of dystocia cases showed apparent association with brucella seropositivity.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that, brucellosis is a common health problem in camel and human in Amibara district of Afar region. The public health importance of this disease is associated with raw milk consumption and close contact with the animals having history of recent abortion. Therefore, controlling the risk factors, establishing brucella diagnostic service in human clinics and hospitals, continuous social training with feedback assessments and overall implementing of One Health approach framework to attain optimal health for people and domestic animals in area are recommended to safeguard the health of society.

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A STUDY OF PATTERN OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS : A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2015/2193 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (89) ◽

pp. 15388-15391

Author(s):

Manoj Mehta ◽

Shubhra Mehta ◽

Parul Pathak ◽

Amandeep Chawla

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Skin color variation: A study on Eastern and North East India

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v10i3.23256 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Sumit Maitra ◽

Diptendu Chatterjee ◽

Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Skin Color ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Color Space ◽

Color Variation ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Skin pigmentation is one of the most variable phenotypic traits and most noticeable of human polymorphisms. Skin pigmentation in humans is largely determined by the quantity and distribution of the pigment melanin. The literature review on skin color variation revealed a few works on skin pigmentation variation has been conducted in India from Southern, Western and Northern part. Aims and Objectives: To best of the knowledge, the present discourse is the first attempt to understand skin color variation from Eastern and North Eastern part of India among three populations. Materials and Methods: The present study consisted of 312 participants from Chakma and Tripuri groups of Tripura, North East India, and participants from Bengalee Hindu caste population from West Bengal. Skin color was measured by Konica Minolta CR-10 spectrophotometer which measures and quantifies the colors with a 3D color space (CIELAB) color space created by 3 axes. All the skin color measurements from each participant were taken from unexposed (underarm) left and right to get a mean and exposed (forehead) to sunlight. Results: The distribution of skin color variation among the three populations demonstrated significant (p<0.05) difference in lightness for unexposed and exposed indicating lightness in unexposed area. Furthermore, the present study revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in skin color among the ethnic groups across the body location and all three attributes (lightness, redness and yellowness). Conclusion: Generally, skin color variation may be elucidated by two main factors: individual differences in lightness and yellowness and by and large due to ethnicity, where diversity in redness is due to primarily due to different body locations. Variation in lightness have more characteristic probability. The present study first time reports the wide range of quantitative skin color variation among the three ethnic groups from Eastern and North East India and highest yellowness (b*) among the population from North East India.

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Seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in the Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268815003337 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (9) ◽

pp. 2018-2024 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

X.-X. ZHANG ◽

Q. ZHAO ◽

C.-W. SHI ◽

W.-T. YANG ◽

Y.-L. JIANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Region ◽

Han Ethnicity ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Undercooked Meat

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to August 2015 to determine the seroprevalence and possible risk factors for humanToxoplasma gondiiinfection in Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China. A total of 1842 serum samples, including Han (n= 802), Korean (n= 520), Manchu (n= 303) and Mongol (n= 217) groups, were analysed using enzyme-linked immunoassays to detect IgG and IgMT. gondiiantibodies. The overallT. gondiiIgG and IgM seroprevalences were 13·79% and 1·25%, respectively. Of these groups, Mongol ethnicity had the highestT. gondiiseroprevalence (20·74%, 45/217), followed by Korean ethnicity (16·54%, 86/520), Manchu ethnicity (13·86%, 42/303) and Han ethnicity (11·35%, 98/802). Multiple analysis showed that the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat and the source of drinking water were significantly associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Han group. Likewise, having a cat at home was identified as being associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Korean, Manchu and Mongol groups. Moreover, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat was identified as another predictor ofT. gondiiseropositivity in the Mongol group. The results of this survey indicate thatT. gondiiinfection is prevalent in Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in the study region. Therefore, it is essential to implement integrated strategies with efficient management measures to prevent and controlT. gondiiinfection in this region of China. Moreover, this is the first report ofT. gondiiinfection in Korean, Manchu, and Mongol ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China.

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Sight-threatening Diabetic Retinopathy and Associated Risk Factors Among Adult Diabetes Patients at Debre Tabor General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Clinical Ophthalmology ◽

10.2147/opth.s285606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 14 ◽

pp. 4561-4569

Author(s):

Getasew Alemu Mersha ◽

Asamere Tsegaw Woredekal ◽

Matyas Tilahun Tesfaw

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

General Hospital ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Debre Tabor ◽

Adult Diabetes ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Diabetes Patients

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The Tai Khamtis Of North-East India: A Socio Cultural Study

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i11.11848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (11) ◽

pp. 645-649

Author(s):

Madhurjya Phukan

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

North East India ◽

North East

North-East India is a place of various tribal and ethnic groups and it is the place of about 145 tribal groups. The Tai ethnic group of North-east India is one of the largest ethnic group of the region. It has six sub groups namely- Tai khamti, Tai Ahom, Tai Aiton, Tai Phake, tai Khamyang and Tai Turung. The Khamti is one of the smallest sub groups of Tai people. The Khamti people are mainly Buddhists and believer of the Hinyan sect of Buddhism. They are culturally and socially very rich. Here in this study it is trying to give a socio-cultural identity of the Tai khamtis.

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A prospective study of the bacteriological profile and risk factors of infection after internal fixation of close fractures of long bones

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20200737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 345

Author(s):

Munin Borgohain ◽

Debasish Bora ◽

Aswin Deepak Rajan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Plate Fixation ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽

Long Bone ◽

X Rays ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Bacteriological Profile

Background: Infection in implant related procedures is dreaded due to difficulty in getting rid of it. Disappointment to patients and surgeons, drainage of health care and patients’ resources is significant. Causes and risk factors are many related to host, environment and procedure. The bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity have been changing trend with emerging resistance to many drugs.Methods: A prospective observational study of 941 patients with operative fixation of long bone closed fractures. The details of the procedure, host characteristics were noted. Followed up in ward post operatively and after discharge to identify the cases of surgical site infection. Once identified they were evaluated with X-rays and lab parameters. Wound swabs or pus samples taken to find out the organisms and cultured to find the sensitivity.Results: 116 patients (86 males and 30 females) developed SSI (incidence 12.42%). Plate fixation (18.20% infection rate), operative time >1 and half hours (15.73% rate), fracture femur (16.66% rate), ORIF (14.38% rate), age >60 yrs were some of the risk factors. Co-morbidities like anaemia, diabetes, liver disease, lung disease, immunosuppressive drugs, hypertension, smoking, alcoholics had significant association with SSI. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism. Gram positive showed highest sensitivity to linezolid, vancomycin and tetracycline. Gram negative showed highest sensitivity to colistin and tigecycline.Conclusions: Infection rate should be less than 1% and hence risk factors encompassing preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative period are to be controlled. Probably the first study from north east india showing the burden of orthopaedic SSI.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for diabetic retinopathy at first ophthalmological contact

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i8.36430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 118-124

Author(s):

Bhavkaran Singh ◽

Prempal Kaur ◽

Jaspreet Singh ◽

Parveen Grang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Observational Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is now considered as a growing global public health concern due to cost associated with diabetic micro and macrovascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of vision loss. Accurate estimation of prevalence of DR among diabetic patients and associated risk factors are of crucial importance to plan and execute preventive strategies in the community. Aims and Objectives: The present cross sectional hospital based observational study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of DR in diabetic patients at their first ophthalmological contact and toevaluate associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional hospital based observational study, all diabetic patients visiting ophthalmology clinic for the first time after being diagnosed as diabetic were enrolled. After recording demographic data and biochemical findings, each patient was investigated for DR and correlated with associated risk factors. Results: Of 1699 patients, majority (68.9%) of them had come to ophthalmology clinic with complaint of decreased vision. Only 16.12 % (274) patients had been referred for retinal exam by treating physician. DR was prevalent in 242(16.98%) non-referred and 31(11.31%) referred patients. Mean age and mean duration of diabetes was significantly higher in non-referred patients. Vision threatening DR was also significantly higher in nonreferred patients. Prevalence of DR was significantly correlated with age at presentation, duration of diabetes, rural background, uncontrolled diabetes, systolic blood pressure and high BMI. Conclusion: Low referral by treating physician and lack of awareness among patient accounts for late presentation of diabetic patients to ophthalmologist. Beyond just developing strategies to promote screening programs for early detection and management of DR, education of the patients,comprehensive planning and coordination between ophthalmologist and physician can go a long way to decrease the economic and social burden of preventable blindness due to diabetic retinopathy.

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