scholarly journals Skin color variation: A study on Eastern and North East India

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Sumit Maitra ◽  
Diptendu Chatterjee ◽  
Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Skin pigmentation is one of the most variable phenotypic traits and most noticeable of human polymorphisms. Skin pigmentation in humans is largely determined by the quantity and distribution of the pigment melanin. The literature review on skin color variation revealed a few works on skin pigmentation variation has been conducted in India from Southern, Western and Northern part. Aims and Objectives: To best of the knowledge, the present discourse is the first attempt to understand skin color variation from Eastern and North Eastern part of India among three populations. Materials and Methods: The present study consisted of 312 participants from Chakma and Tripuri groups of Tripura, North East India, and participants from Bengalee Hindu caste population from West Bengal. Skin color was measured by Konica Minolta CR-10 spectrophotometer which measures and quantifies the colors with a 3D color space (CIELAB) color space created by 3 axes. All the skin color measurements from each participant were taken from unexposed (underarm) left and right to get a mean and exposed (forehead) to sunlight. Results: The distribution of skin color variation among the three populations demonstrated significant (p<0.05) difference in lightness for unexposed and exposed indicating lightness in unexposed area. Furthermore, the present study revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in skin color among the ethnic groups across the body location and all three attributes (lightness, redness and yellowness). Conclusion: Generally, skin color variation may be elucidated by two main factors: individual differences in lightness and yellowness and by and large due to ethnicity, where diversity in redness is due to primarily due to different body locations. Variation in lightness have more characteristic probability. The present study first time reports the wide range of quantitative skin color variation among the three ethnic groups from Eastern and North East India and highest yellowness (b*) among the population from North East India.

scholarly journals An Innovative Face Detection Based on YCgCr Color Space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solly Aryza
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Faces

It is very challenging to recognize a face from an image due to the wide variety of face and the uncertain of face position. The research on detecting human faces in color image and in video sequence has been attracted with more and more people. In this paper, we propose a novel face detection method that achieves better detection rates. The new face detection algorithms based on skin color model in YCgCr chrominance space. Firstly, we build a skin Gaussian model in Cg-Cr color space. Secondly, a calculation of correlation coefficient is performed between the given template and the candidates. Experimental results demonstrate that our system has achieved high detection rates and low false positives over a wide range of facial variations in color, position and varying lighting conditions.

Effect of rodents on seed fate of five hornbill-dispersed tree species in a tropical forest in north-east India

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Velho ◽  
Aparajita Datta ◽  
Kavita Isvaran
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Seed Fate ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dysoxylum Binectariferum ◽  
Seed Fates

Abstract:Hornbills are important dispersers of a wide range of tree species. Many of these species bear fruits with large, lipid-rich seeds that could attract terrestrial rodents. Rodents have multiple effects on seed fates, many of which remain poorly understood in the Palaeotropics. The role of terrestrial rodents was investigated by tracking seed fate of five hornbill-dispersed tree species in a tropical forest in north-east India. Seeds were marked inside and outside of exclosures below 6–12 parent fruiting trees (undispersed seed rain) and six hornbill nest trees (a post-dispersal site). Rodent visitors and seed removal were monitored using camera traps. Our findings suggest that several rodent species, especially two species of porcupine were major on-site seed predators. Scatter-hoarding was rare (1.4%). Seeds at hornbill nest trees had lower survival compared with parent fruiting trees, indicating that clumped dispersal by hornbills may not necessarily improve seed survival. Seed survival in the presence and absence of rodents varied with tree species. Some species (e.g. Polyalthia simiarum) showed no difference, others (e.g. Dysoxylum binectariferum) experienced up to a 64% decrease in survival in the presence of rodents. The differing magnitude of seed predation by rodents can have significant consequences at the seed establishment stage.

scholarly journals The Tai Khamtis Of North-East India: A Socio Cultural Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 645-649
Author(s):  
Madhurjya Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

North-East India is a place of various tribal and ethnic groups and it is the place of about   145 tribal groups.   The Tai ethnic group of North-east India is one of the largest ethnic group of the  region.  It  has  six  sub  groups  namely-  Tai  khamti,  Tai  Ahom,  Tai Aiton,  Tai Phake,  tai Khamyang  and  Tai Turung.  The  Khamti is  one  of the  smallest sub  groups of Tai people.  The Khamti  people  are  mainly  Buddhists  and  believer  of the Hinyan  sect  of Buddhism.  They  are culturally and  socially very rich.  Here in this study it is trying to  give a socio-cultural identity of the Tai khamtis.

scholarly journals Attitude of Military and Paramilitary Officers towards the Role of Arabic Language in Addressing Security Issues in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Musa Siddiq Abdullahi ◽  
Musa Salisu
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
North East ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Civil Defence

This study addresses security issues in Nigeria through Arabic Language Education. Arabic Language is one out of the international languages, it is a member of the Semitic family of language and perhaps the only one among them that has gallantly stood the test of the time. It gains wide range of currency and leaves an indelible mark on the course of world history, culture and civilization. The language has played a significant role in security challenges. It has the ability to solve problems between groups of people by ensuring atmosphere for understanding and peaceful co-existence. The study was a descriptive survey type. The population consisted of all Nigerian military and paramilitary officers using stratified random sampling technique, 50 officers were selected from each of the Nigerian Army, Air force, Police, and Civil Defence corps in the North-east totaling 200. A questionnaire titled “Arabic Language Education and National Security Questionnaire” was designed for the data collection. Test re-test method was employed for the reliability with 0.76 coefficient. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. Percentage was used to answer the research question and ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05significance level. The findings reveal that there was a significant difference in the understanding of Arabic Language among Nigerian security officers. Significant difference was found in addressing insecurity through Arabic than in other languages. It was recommended among others that, the government should recognize Arabic Language as a medium of communication/instruction and of the equal rank with English language in Nigeria. The Language should be incorporated into in-house training for the security officers. Keywords: Nigeria, Security, Arabic Language, Role

Significance of Inter aorto-caval lymph nodes in gall bladder cancer management.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16607-e16607
Author(s):  
Kishore Singh ◽  
Anurita Srivastava ◽  
Siddharth Srivastava ◽  
Aditi Aggarwal ◽  
Varshu Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
North East India ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
North East ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference

e16607 Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the three leading cancer among women of North and North-east India. The age standardized rate (ASR) for GBC in women of North and north-east India are 11.8/100,000 population and 17.1/100,000 population respectively It is one of the most fatal cancer, characterized by early spread, both local as well as distant. Radical resection is associated with the highest control rates. Presence of inter-aorto-caval lymph nodes (IAC) during preoperative workup is designated as metastatic disease in GBC and radical surgery is deferred. This study attempts to confirm the validity of such an approach. Methods: Between January 2017 and December 2018, 178 patients of GBC were registered at our hospital. Of these, 108 patients with radiologically resectable disease were evaluated preoperatively with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to look for IAC lymph nodes lying below the level of the renal vein. Patients with IAC involvement were taken up for chemotherapy while the others underwent upfront surgery. Results: Mean age at presentation was 51.1 (±10.9) years with a female predominance (N = 77, 71.2%). Presenting symptoms were either pain (N = 91, 84.2%) or jaundice (N = 42, 38.8%) in majority cases. Patients with jaundice presented earlier with mean of 53.27 days (Range2-240 days) while those with pain presented at a mean of 71.5 days (1-360 days) prior to diagnosis. Pathologically positive IAC cases (n = 12) of resectable GBC received systemic therapy upfront rather than immediate radical surgery. Rest of the patients underwent surgical resection followed by adjuvant treatment as indicated. Mean follow up was 179 days with a mortality of 62%(n = 67). No significant difference was seen in the stage distribution in IAC positive versus negative group. Median survival with Kaplan Meier method of IAC positive patients was 239 days versus 190 days in IAC negative patients. Conclusions: IAC lymph node may not necessarily portend poor prognosis. It needs to be validated in large sample size.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes Related to Skin Color Differentiation in Red Tilapia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Zhu ◽  
Lanmei Wang ◽  
Zaijie Dong ◽  
Xingting Chen ◽  
Feibiao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Molecular Selection ◽  
Aquaculture Production ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Red tilapia is becoming more popular for aquaculture production in China in recent years. However, the pigmentation differentiation in genetic breeding is the main problem limiting its development of commercial red tilapia culture and the genetic basis of skin color variation is still unknown. In this study, we conducted Illumina sequencing of transcriptome on three color variety red tilapia. A total of 224,895,758 reads were generated, resulting in 160,762 assembled contigs that were used as reference contigs. The contigs of red tilapia transcriptome had hits in the range of 53.4% to 86.7% of the unique proteins of zebrafish, fugu, medaka, three-spined stickleback and tilapia. And 44,723 contigs containing 77,423 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, with 16,646 contigs containing more than one SSR. Three skin transcriptomes were compared pairwise and the results revealed that there were 148 common significantly differentially expressed unigenes and several key genes related to pigment synthesis, i.e. tyr, tyrp1, silv, sox10, slc24a5, cbs and slc7a11, were included. The results will facilitate understanding the molecular mechanisms of skin pigmentation differentiation in red tilapia and accelerate the molecular selection of the specific strain with consistent skin colors.

Skin Color Correction for Tissue Spectroscopy: Demonstration of a Novel Approach with Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola O. Soyemi ◽  
Michelle R. Landry ◽  
Ye Yang ◽  
Patrick O. Idwasi ◽  
Babs R. Soller
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Components Analysis

The application of partial least squares (PLS) regression to visible–near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy for modeling important blood and tissue parameters is generally complicated by the variation in skin pigmentation (melanin) across the human population. An orthogonal correction method for removing the influence of skin pigmentation has been demonstrated in diffuse reflectance spectra from two-layer tissue-mimicking phantoms. The absorption properties of the phantoms were defined by lyophilized human hemoglobin (bottom layer) and synthetic melanin (top layer). Tissue-like scattering was simulated in both layers with intralipid™. The approach uses principal components analysis (PCA) loading vectors from a separate set of phantom spectra that encode the unwanted melanin variation to remove the effect of melanin from the test phantoms. The preprocessing of phantom spectra using this orthogonal correction method resulted in PLS models with reduced complexity and enhanced prediction performance. Preliminary results from a separate study that evaluates the feasibility of defining skin color variation in an experiment with a single human subject are also presented.

A Review of Institutional and Developmental Issues in North-East India

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-218
Author(s):  
Nicodim Basumatary ◽  
Bhagirathi Panda
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern

Developmental issues of the North-Eastern States of India cannot be studied inisolation without accounting for the varied politico-socio-economic and institutional factors. This study covers a wide range of the socio-political issues and developmental gaps in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India. It presents a broader picture and gives an understanding of the issues of governance and development prevailing in this region. Many issues pertain to paucity of developmental outcomes, ethnicity, demand for statehood, insurgency, absence of rule of law, corruption and so on, suggesting state’s ineffectiveness and people’s incompetence to take development to the front stage. An effort has also been made to trace the literature that deals with these issues.

scholarly journals Skin Color Segmentation in RGB Color Space by Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hussein Fakhravari ◽  
Marzieh Dadvar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Segmentation ◽  
Data Mapping ◽  
Adaptive Network ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rgb Color Space

Skin color detection is a popular and useful technique because of the wide range of application in both human computer interactions and analyses based on diagnostic. Therefore, providing an appropriate method for pixel-like skin parts can solve many problems. The presented color segmentation algorithm works directly in RGB color space without having to convert the color space. Using Genfis3 function, we formed the Sugeno fuzzy network and clustered the data using fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) clustering rule and for each class and cluster we considered a Rule. In the next step, the output resulting from pseudo-polynomial data mapping is provided as the input to Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).

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