Oral Health Behavior and Treatment Needs among Drug Addicts and Controls in Amritsar District: A Case-controlled Study

ABSTRACT Background: Substance and drug abuse is associated with severe psychosocial problems, violence and health complications. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the oral hygiene status and sugar eating patterns among drug addicts with their age, gender and socio-economic status matched controls. Settings and Design: The present study comprised of two groups-Group A comprised of 100 drug addicts and Group B included 100 controls. The study sample were interviewed and subjected to a comprehensive intra-oral examination. Methods and Material: Standardized methods of evaluation were performed using mouth mirror, dental probe, explorer and WHO probe. Statistical Analysis: The data was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi Square test and student t-test. Results and Conclusions: CPITN index revealed bleeding in 56% addicts and calculus in 20% addicts. The mean DMFT of group A was 5.71 as compared to 2.45 in group B. The frequency of sugar consumption was found to be high in addicts as compared to the controls. Significant P values (< 0.001) of DMFT index, periodontal status and frequency of sugar consumption were obtained on statistical analysis. The caries status was found to be poor in addicts, but the periodontal treatment needs were similar for both group A and B. Oral health promotion should be undertaken in drug rehabilitation centers for overall success of withdrawl treatment.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma and Bone Graft in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects: A Clinico-radiographic Study

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601812010133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 133-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammad Jalaluddin ◽

Jayachandran Mahesh ◽

Rethi Mahesh ◽

Ipsita Jayanti ◽

Mohamed Faizuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Radiographic Evaluation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Background & Objectives: Periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone around the affected tooth. Different modalities have been employed in the treatment and regeneration of periodontal defects which include the use of bone grafts, PRP and other growth factors.The purpose of this prospective, randomized controlled study was to compare the regenerative efficacy of PRP and bonegraft in intrabony periodontal defects. Methodology: This randomized control trial was carried out in the Department of Periodontics & Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar. The study sample included 20 periodontal infrabony defects in 20 patients, 12 males and 8 females. The patients were aged between 25 -45 years(with mean age of 35 years). The 20 sites selected for the study were was randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 sites each. Group A: PRP alone, Group B: Bone Graft. Statistical Anaysis & Results: Statistical Analysis Was Done Using SPSS (Version 18.0): Statistical analysis was done usingpaired ‘t’ tests and ANOVA that revealed a significant reduction ingingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth and gain in clinical attachment level at various time intervalswithin both the groups. Radiographic evaluation revealed statistically significant defect fill (p<0.001) at the end of 6months within both the groups. However, there was astatistically significant difference seen in group B radiographically, when compared to group A. Conclusion: Both the groups showed promising results in enhancing periodontal regeneration; however the resultswith bonegraftwere comparatively better, although not statistically significant when compared to PRP alone.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Endoscopic Versus Percutaneous Approach (Blind) to Control the Obturator Jerk in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors Under Spinal Anesthesia

Bangladesh Journal of Urology ◽

10.3329/bju.v21i2.49885 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 120-126

Author(s):

Alamgir Md ◽

Karim Km Monwarul ◽

Nandy SP ◽

Md Monwar Ul Haque ◽

Sakhawat Mahmud Khan

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Bladder Tumor ◽

Complete Resection ◽

Satisfaction Level ◽

Bladder Tumors ◽

Percutaneous Approach ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the endoscopic versus percutaneous approach (blind) to control the obturator jerk in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumors under spinal anesthesia. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was performed in Department of Urology, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong and some Private Hospitals (Ltd.) in Chittagong city during the period from January 2016 to June 2016. Total 100 patients were grouped into two, on alternate basis. Fifty(50) patients in group- A conducted with endoscopic infiltration with 20ml of injection 2% lignocaine at the bladder tumor base and another 50 patients in group-B, conducted with blind percutaneous technique with same drug and volume ( 20ml inj.2% lignocaine) to control obturator jerk. Severity of obturator jerk in both procedure, percentage of complete resection, ONB procedure related time, ONB procedure related complications and surgeon’s satisfaction level were recorded and compared between two approaches. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare the ease of approach and outcome of the two techniques. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients were 59.44+7.681. In group-A, 50 patients were given inj. 2% lignocaine endoscopically at the bladder tumor base to control obturator jerk. Twenty five patients (50%) had no jerk, 20 patients(40%) developed mild jerk and 5 patients (10%) developed moderate jerk and no patients developed severe jerk. Second attempt was taken in moderate jerk patients (5 patients) and succeeded in 3(6%) patients. So, in this group, complete resection of bladder tumor was possible in 96%. In group B, complete resection of bladder tumor was possible in 84%. Statistical analysis was done and result is significant in case of endoscopic procedure to control obturator jerk(p<0.05). ONB Procedure related time was <20 mins. in 32(64%) patients in group-A and 45 (90%) patients in group- B. 20 mins. or more time was required for 18 (36%) patients in group-A and 5 (10%) patients in group-B. Statistical analysis was done and result is significant in percutaneous (blind) technique (p<0.05). ONB procedure related complications in group-A and Group –B were noted. Statistical analysis was done and result is insignificant (p>0.05). Surgeons satisfaction level were recorded on the basis of obturator jerk block and complete resection and which was statistically significant in favour of endoscopy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that endoscopic injection of 2% lignocaine into the bladder tumor base is better in case of jerk elimination and complete resection than blind percutaneous approach. Though, ONB procedure related time was significantly less in percutaneous group. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.120-126

Download Full-text

Pregabalin As A Premedicant To Attenuate Pressor Response In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3418-3423

Author(s):

Sweety Agrawal ◽

Shubdha Bhagat ◽

Pratibha Deshmukh ◽

Amol Singham

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Co2 Insufflation ◽

Ramsay Sedation Scale ◽

Minute Interval ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Induction Of Anaesthesia

The present study was done to evaluate the ability of oral pregabalin to attenuate the pressor response to airway instrumentation in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Sixty-four adult patients aged between 25-55 year of either gender belonging to ASA-1 or ASA2 physical status weighing 50-70 kg were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two patients each were randomized to group A, or group B. Patients in group A received tablet Pregabalin (150mg) and those in group B received placebo orally one hour before induction of anaesthesia. Heart rate, blood pressure, and sedation were assessed preoperatively before giving the tablets and after 30 minutes, and just before induction of anaesthesia. Intraoperative, pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, ECG in the lead II, SPO2 and ETCO2 were monitored. All the above parameters were noted during laryngoscopy and intubation, 3 minutes after CO2 insufflation, and then at every 10-minute interval till the end of surgery. These parameters were also recorded after extubating the patient. The Ramsay sedation scale was used to assess the sedation at the baseline, one hour after drug intake , one hour after extubation and 4 hour after surgery. Any adverse effects in the postoperative period were recorded. The result of our study shows that pre-emptive administration of oral pregabalin 150 mg significantly reduced the pressor response at the time of laryngoscopy and intubation, after CO2 insufflation and just after extubation. We conclude that oral pregabalin premedication is effective in successful attenuation of hemodynamic pressor response to laryngoscopy, intubation and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Download Full-text

Diminished Systemic Amino Acids Metabolome and Lipid Peroxidation in Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO) Infants Requiring Surgery

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071467 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1467

Author(s):

Olga Begou ◽

Antigoni Pavlaki ◽

Olga Deda ◽

Alexander Bollenbach ◽

Kathrin Drabert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction ◽

Ureteropelvic Junction ◽

Obstructive Nephropathy ◽

Conservative Group ◽

Surgery Group ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract, and particularly of obstructive nephropathy such as ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in infants, can later lead to chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Fundamental questions regarding underlying mechanisms remain unanswered. The aim of the present study was to quantitate the systemic amino acids metabolome in 21 UPJO infants requiring surgery (Group A) and 21 UPJO infants under conservative treatment (Group B). Nineteen healthy age-matched infants served as controls (Group C). Serum amino acids involved in several pathways and representative metabolites, including the L-arginine-derived nitric oxide (NO) metabolites nitrite and nitrate and the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods using their stable-isotope labeled analogs as internal standards after derivatization to their methyl esters N-pentafluoropropionic amides (amino acids) and to their pentafluorobenzyl derivatives (nitrite, nitrate, MDA). The concentrations of the majority of the biomarkers were found to be lower in Group A compared to Group B. Statistical analysis revealed clear differentiation between the examined study groups. Univariate statistical analysis highlighted serum homoarginine (q = 0.006), asymmetric dimethylarginine (q = 0.05) and malondialdehyde (q = 0.022) as potential biomarkers for UPJO infants requiring surgery. Group A also differed from Group B with respect to the diameter of the preoperative anterior–posterior renal pelvis (AP) as well as regarding the number and extent of inverse correlations between AP and the serum concentrations of the biomarkers. In Group A, but not in Group B, the AP diameter strongly correlated with hydroxy-proline (r = −0.746, p = 0.0002) and MDA (r = −0.754, p = 0.002). Our results indicate a diminished amino acids metabolome in the serum of UPJO infants requiring surgery comparing to a conservative group.

Download Full-text

Blind Comparative study between Silver nanoparticles dressings and Standard Moist Wound Dressings (SMWD) in management of diabetic foot ulcers

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab097.040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Amr Abdelaal ◽

Mostafa Soliman ◽

Hany Rafik ◽

Mohamed Emam ◽

Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Elsadek

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Foot Ulcers ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract Background Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are the main cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients and they are considered a major worldwide health problem. Thus, there is a need to evaluate various treatment modalities. In this study we will assess the clinical efficacy of Silver nanoparticles dressing vs Standard Moist Wound Dressing (SMWD) in management of diabetic foot ulcers. Objective To compare wound outcome, limb salvage, healing time of diabetes related foot ulcers and cost effectiveness in terms of duration of hospital stay between Silver nanotechnology dressings and Standard moist wound therapy (SMWT) in management of diabetic foot ulcers. Patients and Methods This is a prospective randomized controlled study involving 34 patients with active diabetic foot ulcers, in a high volume tertiary referral vascular center. They were divided into 2 groups: 17 patients (group A) were prescribed SMWD and the other 17 patients (group B) received Silver nanoparticles wound dressing. Results Our study correlates with the study conducted by K.Suhas et al. which had observed that Silver nanoparticles wound dressing was safe and effective treatment for complex diabetic foot wounds and could lead to higher proportion of healed wounds and faster healing rates. At the end of the study, group B promised a better outcome as compared to group A. Conclusion The role of Silver nanoparticles wound dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcers has been proposed as a novel method of manipulating the chronic wound environment in a way that it reduces bacterial burden and chronic interstitial wound fluid, increases vascularity and cytokine expression and to an extent mechanically exploiting the viscoelasticity of peri wound tissues.

Download Full-text

The effect of Head Covering on Phototherapy-Induced Hypocalcemia in Jaundiced Full-Term Neonates

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab113.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Amira Said Mohamed ◽

Sherein M Abd El fattah ◽

Safaa S Imam ◽

Basma M Shehata

Keyword(s):

Full Term ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Led Phototherapy ◽

Group I ◽

Group A ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

Group B ◽

Head Cover ◽

Group D ◽

Head Covering

Abstract Background Phototherapy is the main method used in treatment of significant indirect hyperbilirubinemia and it reduces the risk of exchange transfusion. Hypocalcemia is one of the side effects of phototherapy due to inhibition of pineal gland via transcranial illumination, resulting in decline of melatonin secretion that further inhibits the effect of cortisol on bone calcium and ultimately increase the bone uptake. Aim To assess the effect of head covering to ameliorate hypocalcemic effect of different types of phototherapy in full term jaundiced neonates. Patients and Methods A prospective randomized controlled study that included 120 jaundiced neonates requiring phototherapy which divided into two main groups; group I (treated with lamp phototherapy) which was equally subdivided into two groups, group A (without head cover) and group B (with head cover) and group Il (treated with LED phototherapy) which was equally subdivided into group C (without head cover) and group D (with head cover). Results Head cover reduced the incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcemia without affecting rate of decline of bilirubin on both types of phototherapy used. In lamp hypocalcemia (<8mg/dl) was detected in 33.3% in jaundiced neonates without head cover which was significant higher than those with head cover 6.7%. As for LED, yet not statistically significant hypocalcemia was detected in 13.3% in jaundiced neonates without head cover, which was higher than those with head cover 3.3%. Conclusion Incidence of phototherapy induced hypocalcemia is reduced by using head cover especially while using lamp phototherapy.

Download Full-text

Role of Rifaximin for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chronic Liver Disease

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v7i3.33781 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 205-211

Author(s):

Ranjit Kumar Paul ◽

Indrajit Kumar Datta ◽

Habib Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Reazul Karim ◽

Md Nazmul Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Controlled Study ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Ctp Score

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and is characterized by diminished mentation and neuromuscular abnormalities. Rifaximin has been reported to be effective for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in Europe and other countries. It is unknown whether rifaximin is effective for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in Bangladeshi patients.Methods: A prospective, randomized, single blind, placebo controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of rifaximin among patients with cirrhosis of liver with hepatic encephalopathy. A total sixty patients of HE fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomly enrolled among those admitted under Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders (GHPD) department of BIRDEM General Hospital during August 2012 to April 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (receiving Tab. rifaximin with lactulose), the total number of patients were 31(51.7%) and group B (receiving placebo with lactulose), it was 29(48.3%). Enrolled patients were followed up for 10 days or up to discharge from the hospital or death. At enrollment and at the end of treatment, gradation of HE and estimation of portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) index was done.Results: In this study between two groups, mean age difference (p=0.404), gender difference (p=0.668) and CLD duration difference (p=0.555) were not statistically significant between two groups. At enrollment, prognostic scores e.g. Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score (p=0.489) and PSE index (p=0.934) were not significantly different between two groups. At the end of treatment, group A patients showed significantly lower HE grade (P=0.045) and PSE index (P<0.05) than group B. CTP score (p=0.552) was also lower in rifaximin treated group than placebo group but no significant difference was observed. The mean duration of hospital stay was significantly lower in group A than group B (p<0.05).Conclusions: Hepatic encephalopathy patients treated with rifaximin plus lactulose have better outcome and less hospital stay than those treated with placebo plus lactulose.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(3): 205-211

Download Full-text

Correlation between two physical activity programs in the gait of sedentary elderly subjects

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082010ao1585 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 281-284

Author(s):

Mariana Varkala Lanuez ◽

Fernanda Varkala Lanuez ◽

Eduardo Gunther Montero ◽

Wilson Jacob Filho

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Male And Female ◽

The Past ◽

Physical Exercises ◽

Balance Exercises ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

De Medicina

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the effect of exercise on gait using two different programs: a group of aerobic exercises (Group A, n = 18) and a group of flexibility and balance exercises (Group B, n = 19). Methods: A casualized controlled study, in which each sample controlled itself, was undertaken. The sample comprised 37 male and female subjects, aged from 60 to 90 years, from the outpatient clinic of the Geriatrics Unit of Hospital das Clínicas of Faculdade de Medicina of Universidade de São Paulo; the patients were sedentary and had not exercised regularly during the past six months. Results: Improvement of gait was seen mainly in the group that did specific exercises. Conclusion: The results of this study underline the importance of physical exercises in sedentary elderly subjects, but show the need for programming the exercises towards specific goals, which can optimize the results of this tool of health promotion for the elderly.

Download Full-text

Oral Health Status and Practices of 5 and 12 Year Old Indian Tribal Children

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.35.3.c8063171438k4362 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 325-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Abhinav Singh ◽

MP Bharathi ◽

Peter Sequeira ◽

Shashidhar Acharya ◽

Meghashyam Bhat

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Sugar Consumption ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Periodontal Index

Objectives: To assess oral health status and practices of 5- and 12-year-old Tribal school children.Methods: A total of 418, 5-year-old children and 327, 12-year-old children were enrolled. Information on demographic characteristics of participants along with oral health behavior was collected. Clinical data were collected on dental fluorosis, periodontal status, dental caries and treatment needs. Dean's index criterion was used to assess dental fluorosis. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) for periodontal conditions and Dentition status and treatment needs for dental caries were recorded. Results: Between meal sugar consumption was high (100%). None of the children in both the age groups had visited trained health personnel for dental treatment. Dental fluorosis prevalence in 5- and 12-year olds was 11.9% and 22.9% respectively. Bleeding on probing and calculus was common between both the age groups. A low mean number of healthy sextants were found and this decreased with age. Mean dmft/DMFT values for 5- and 12-year olds were 4.13 ± 3.90 and 1.15 ± 1.62. Significant caries index (SIC) scores for 5- and 12-year olds were 7.17 ±4.30 and 3.78 ± 3.21 respectively. Conclusion: The present study reveals high sugar consumption, dental fluorosis, poor oral hygiene, and untreated dental disease of tribal children. Under these circumstances, the implementation of preventive programs including restriction of sweets in school premises for the tribal children is the key to good oral health.

Download Full-text

Time out: should vitamin D dosing be based on patient's body mass index (BMI): a prospective controlled study

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Mir Sadat-Ali ◽

Khalid W. AlTabash ◽

Haifa A. Al-Turki ◽

Sulaiman A. AlMousa ◽

Hasan N. AlSayed

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Group A ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Group B

Abstract The recommended daily dose of vitamin D is 2000 IU was found to be insufficient in many patients. The objective of the present study is to find whether the daily dose of vitamin D should be based on BMI. Two hundred and thirty patients with an established vitamin D deficiency (serum level of 25 Hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) of ≤20 ng/ml) and patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were included in the study. Demographic data, comorbidities and BMI were recorded. Pre-treatment and post-treatment serum 25OHD3, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were tested at 0-, 3- and 6-month periods. Patients were treated with a standard dose of 50 000 IU of vitamin D weekly and 600/1200 mg of calcium a day. Once their level of 25OHD3 reached ≥30 ng/ml, patients were randomised into two groups. Group A received a standard recommended maintenance dose of 2000 IU daily and Group B patients received 125 IU/kg/m2 of vitamin D3. The data were entered in the database and analysed. The mean age of Group A was 50⋅74 ± 7⋅64 years compared to 52⋅32 ± 7⋅21 years in Group B. In both groups, pre-treatment vitamin D level was ≤15 ng/ml and increased to 34⋅6 ± 2⋅6 and 33⋅7 ± 2⋅4 ng/ml at the end of 3 months treatment with a dose 50 000 IU of vitamin D3 and calcium 600/1200 mg once a day for group A and group B, respectively. At 6 months, patients in Group A 25OHD3 level was 22⋅8 ± 3⋅80 and in Group B was 34⋅0 ± 1⋅85 ng/ml (P < 0⋅001). This preliminary study suggests that obese patients need higher dosage of vitamin D than the recommended dose. It is prudent that the dosage should be based on the BMI to maintain normal levels for a healthy musculoskeletal system.

Download Full-text