scholarly journals Comparison of two water measurement systems for feedlot beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Júlio Cesar Pascale Palhares ◽  
Marcela Morelli ◽  
Táisla Inara Novelli ◽  
Paulo De Méo Filho ◽  
Matheus Toshio Hisatugu
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Water Measurement

The objective of this study was to compare cattle drinking water consumption collected electronically with that of direct human observation using water metres and to analyse whether an automated system compensates due to its greater precision. The study was conducted in the feedlot of Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste. The reference unit had four pens: two with electronic drinkers and two with water metres. Experiment 1 utilised 52 Nelore steers and Experiment 2 utilised 44 Canchim steers. Nelore fed a conventional diet, the automated system median daily water intake (DWI) was higher than for animals drinking from the water metre, 17.9 L day-1 and 15.6 L day-1. The reverse was observed for animals fed the co-product diet, the automated system median DWI was 18.9 L day-1 and in the water metre pen was 23.0 L day-1. When the Canchim drank from water metres, the median DWI was lower than with the automated system group, 25.9 L day-1 and 27.8 L day-1, respectively. In Experiment 1, there was a statistical difference between the two sets of equipment for both diets. In Experiment 2, the animals were the same breed, had similar weights and were fed the same diet. There was no statistical difference between the equipment in these conditions. The results indicate that the water meter can have the same performance as high technology at a much lower cost. If a more simplified system for measuring water consumption has the same performance as an automated system, this will justify its use with environmental and economic advantages.

scholarly journals Smart Water Dispenser Terintegrasi untuk Monitoring Konsumsi Air Minum Harian

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Deni Ariyanto Abadi ◽  
Laurentius Kuncoro Probo Saputra ◽  
Gloria Virginia
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Health Expert ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Android Applications ◽  
Cloud Servers

Lack of water can cause serious health problems.  In reality, some people do not know the amount of water they must drink daily.  It's hard to find out the daily water intake needs because it is affected by a lot of things and it will be better to involve a nutritionist or health expert to get the best amount, which may require extra cost. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to have a system that is incorporated in an integrated system with the ability to calculate the ideal level of water needs for the body according to factors that affect the level of water needs and able to remind users to keep their daily needs. IoT-based smart water dispensers that can be integrated with android applications and cloud servers into a single system can be used to help solve these problems. The system has a knowledge base obtained from professionals to determine user water consumption. The system calculates the water consumption using the GPPAQ questioner and Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) formula. The base knowledge is implemented on Android applications, and this application can track the amount of water that has been consumed by the user. The test results show that the system can calculate the amount of water demand based on some factors such as the level of physical activity, age, and body weight. The water dispenser system has an accuracy of recording the amount of air released by 92.6%, so there is a difference in the calculation in the Android application to the amount of air that the user takes from the water dispenser

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

scholarly journals Development of an Understanding of Reactive Mercury in Ambient Air: A Review

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Mae Sexauer Gustin ◽  
Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham ◽  
Jiaoyan Huang ◽  
Steve Lindberg ◽  
Seth N. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Power Plant Emissions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Stack Gas

This review focuses on providing the history of measurement efforts to quantify and characterize the compounds of reactive mercury (RM), and the current status of measurement methods and knowledge. RM collectively represents gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and that bound to particles. The presence of RM was first recognized through measurement of coal-fired power plant emissions. Once discovered, researchers focused on developing methods for measuring RM in ambient air. First, tubular KCl-coated denuders were used for stack gas measurements, followed by mist chambers and annular denuders for ambient air measurements. For ~15 years, thermal desorption of an annular KCl denuder in the Tekran® speciation system was thought to be the gold standard for ambient GOM measurements. Research over the past ~10 years has shown that the KCl denuder does not collect GOM compounds with equal efficiency, and there are interferences with collection. Using a membrane-based system and an automated system—the Detector for Oxidized mercury System (DOHGS)—concentrations measured with the KCl denuder in the Tekran speciation system underestimate GOM concentrations by 1.3 to 13 times. Using nylon membranes it has been demonstrated that GOM/RM chemistry varies across space and time, and that this depends on the oxidant chemistry of the air. Future work should focus on development of better surfaces for collecting GOM/RM compounds, analytical methods to characterize GOM/RM chemistry, and high-resolution, calibrated measurement systems.

scholarly journals Daily Water Consumption and its Contribution to Calcium Intake in Korean Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Sun Park ◽  
Yeon-Kyung Lee ◽  
Mi-Hyun Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

Self-reported quantity of daily water intake and urine output in healthy young

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
İnsaf Altun ◽  
Nursan Dede Çınar ◽  
Mağfiret Kara Kaşıkçı
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Daily Water

scholarly journals Implementation of an Automated System in the Measurement of Temperature in Broken Dynamic Equipment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Arduino Uno

This article presents a titration project describing the implementation in the rotodynamic equipment of an economical automated temperature module, as a preventive solution for future failures caused by the lack of analysis in the increase or decrease in temperature. The project is currently contextualized in the area of industry, first, providing background to frame the importance of temperature control and measurement and also know what its evolution has been like. Immediately focuses on explaining the theoretical basis for giving context to the reader. For the purpose of detecting the increase or decrease of heat in machinery by implementing a monitoring system. The development of the project is based on the use of an LM35 transistor that connected to an Arduino Uno through various cables, will display the temperature measurement and make interface of the obtained results that will be reflected in a 2x16 LCD screen. The project is applied in a prototype bench in three key parts of the pulley, and in the two bearings to make the simulations, then perform corresponding tests and check that theory. A simple and lower cost system, but above all efficient that meets the expectations of the problem presented.

scholarly journals Automatic Irrigation System using Wireless Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif ◽  
Preetharan Ravindran ◽  
Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin ◽  
Nor Saradatul Akmar Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Wireless Control ◽  
The Cost

Traditional methods of irrigation and fertilizing is very time consuming for farmers. Over-irrigation as well as leaching of fertilizers below the root zone, erosion, and transport of soil and chemical particles to the drainage ditches can increase energy and water consumption in farming. A single systems combining irrigation and fertilizing will greatly reduce the cost and time needed in farming. There are two types of fertilizers available for home gardener – granular and water-soluble fertilizers. Generally, granular fertilizers release nutrient gradually but can last longer than water-soluble fertilizers. This project will provide an automated system for irrigation and fertilizing for plantation using Arduino as the microcontroller. This system will include a mobile application to control the amount of water during the irrigation and fertilizing processes. The microcontroller communicates with the mobile application via internet using the Wi-Fi modulator. Then, the microcontroller processes the information and operates the irrigation and fertilizing pumps which supplies water and fertilizer through the sprinkler system in the field. Any feedback will be sent to the user through the mobile application.

Calculation method for daily water intake components using doubly labeled water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Daiki Watanabe ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagayama ◽  
Aya Itoi ◽  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Metabolic Water

Abstract Daily water intake (DWI) is essential for survival in humans; however, accurate assessment of DWI from drinks and beverages (Wdrinks) or food moisture (Wfoods) is difficult as it depends on self-reported intakes that are prone to inaccuracy. Here, we established an objective method to assess DWI components using doubly labeled water (DLW). Deuterium and H218O were orally administered, and the dilution space and elimination rate of 2H and 18O were measured. DWI was calculated from the deuterium turnover corrected for metabolic water production and insensible water absorption from humidity. Wfoods was estimated using dietary record (Wfoods-DR) or calculated from the total energy expenditure assessed by DLW (Wfoods-DLW). The current results underscore Wfoods-DR underestimation using self-reported dietary assessments, which underestimates food intake. This study proposes novel methods for calculating each DWI component using DLW.

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