scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil erodibility in pastures and forest areas in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Lucivânia Izidoro da Silva ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Wildson Benedito Mendes Brito ◽  
José Maurício da Cunha ◽  
Alan Ferreira Leite de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Porto Velho ◽  
Regular Spacing

“Erodibility” is a characteristic of the soil that represents the susceptibility with which its particles from the most superficial layer are taken and transported to lower places by erosive agents, causing environmental and economic damages. This work estimated soil erodibility in pastures and forest areas in the municipality of Porto Velho-Rondônia. In the field, three areas with different types of vegetation were selected, one with brachiaria, another with mombaça grass, and a third in native forest. In areas with pastures, a sampling mesh of equal sizes was outlined (90 m x 60 m), and in the forested area an approximate sampling mesh (90 m x 50 m), with a regular spacing of 10 m between the samples points for both areas. The sampling was done at the crossing points of the mesh at a depth of 0.0-0.2 m, composing 70 sample points in the areas with pastures and 60 sample points in the forest area, totaling 200 samples. Then, laboratory analyzes were carried out to determine the texture followed by the fractionation of the sand, and the organic carbon followed by the estimate of the organic matter of the soil. The erodibility factors were calculated using indirect prediction models, and then, univariate, geostatistical and multivariate techniques were applied. The pastures’ environments differed from the forest environment. However, the mombaça grass area functions as an intermediate environment between the forest and the brachiaria, being closer to the forest environment. Keywords: erodibility, factors, kriging, principal components.

scholarly journals Portable near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool for Fresh Tomato Quality Control Analysis in the Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3209
Author(s):  
Karla R. Borba ◽  
Didem P. Aykas ◽  
Maria I. Milani ◽  
Luiz A. Colnago ◽  
Marcos D. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Tomato Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fresh Tomato

Portable spectrometers are promising tools that can be an alternative way, for various purposes, of analyzing food quality, such as monitoring in a few seconds the internal quality during fruit ripening in the field. A portable/handheld (palm-sized) near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (Neospectra, Si-ware) with spectral range of 1295–2611 nm, equipped with a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMs), was used to develop prediction models to evaluate tomato quality attributes non-destructively. Soluble solid content (SSC), fructose, glucose, titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic, and citric acid contents of different types of fresh tomatoes were analyzed with standard methods, and those values were correlated to spectral data by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Fresh tomato samples were obtained in 2018 and 2019 crops in commercial production, and four fruit types were evaluated: Roma, round, grape, and cherry tomatoes. The large variation in tomato types and having the fruits from distinct years resulted in a wide range in quality parameters enabling robust PLSR models. Results showed accurate prediction and good correlation (Rpred) for SSC = 0.87, glucose = 0.83, fructose = 0.87, ascorbic acid = 0.81, and citric acid = 0.86. Our results support the assertion that a handheld NIR spectrometer has a high potential to simultaneously determine several quality attributes of different types of tomatoes in a practical and fast way.

scholarly journals Methodological Proposal for the Development of Insurance Policies for Building Components

CivilEng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miguel Macedo ◽  
Jorge de Brito ◽  
Carlos Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Ana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Structured Approach

Insurance is a growing economic activity within the construction sector. Homes and buildings are perhaps the most important investment an individual makes in his/her lifetime. Nevertheless, the market for insurance coverage policies applied to the building envelope is in an embryonic stage, mainly due to the lack of knowledge in terms of risk and costs associated to the failure of these elements. This study provides an innovative and methodological approach to the development of an insurance product that targets the obsolescence of building components. In defining a structured approach to the design of insurance policies for buildings, the use of the service life prediction models proposed in this study allows establishing different types of insurance policies with different risk premiums and evaluating different losses and risks accepted by the owners, thus promoting the increase of the patrimonial value of the asset and reducing the risk of premature failure and the uncertainty of the costs of maintenance during its life cycle.

scholarly journals The Influence of Forest Resting Environments on Stress Using Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
Yaxing Shi ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yencheng Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Psychological Indicators ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
Environment Type ◽  
Positive Effect

To explore the effects of different types of forest environments for forest therapy, this study focused on forest resting environments. Seven representative forest resting environments found in field research in Beijing were used as independent variables and were shown to subjects by a virtual reality (VR) video. Stress level was used as the dependent variable, and blood pressure, heart rate, salivary amylase, and the Brief Profile of Mood States (BPOMS) were used as physiological and psychological indicators. A between-subjects design was used in the experiment. A total of 96 subjects were randomly assigned to each environment type, and only one type of forest resting environment was observed. Through the relevant sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance, the pre- and post-test data of the indicators were analyzed. This study found that all the seven different types of forest resting environments can produce stress relief effects to some extent. Different types of forest resting environments have different effects on relieving stress. The most natural environment does not have the most significant effect on stress relief. A water landscape has a positive effect on the relief of stress. The conclusions of this study are conducive to the better use of the forest environment for forest therapy services.

scholarly journals SPACIAL VARIABILITY AND SAMPLING DENSITY OF CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL BLACK EARTH AND NATIVE FOREST SOIL IN MANICORÉ, AM

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanildo Amorim de Oliveira ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Renato Eleotério de Aquino ◽  
Diego Silva Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Sampling Density ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Regular Spacing

AbstractConsidering the lack of information about spatial behavior of the soil attributes in areas of archaeological black earth and native forest, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of chemical attributes and determine the sampling density in soil with archaeological black earth and native forest in the region of Manicoré, AM. The study was conducted in a rural property located in the community of Santo Antônio do Matupi, at the margins of BR 230, Trans-amazon highway, in the region of Manicoré, AM. In these areas were established grids of 70 m x 70 m, with regular spacing of 10 x 10 m, totaling 64 points, then soil samples were collected at a depth of 0.0-0.20 m and 0 , 40 - 0,60 m. Chemical attributes were determined (pH, OM, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC, V% and H + Al). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and geostatistics. Sampling density was determined basing on CV and on the range of the semivariograms. It was verified that the studied attributes showed spatial variability and the area of archaeological black earth presented greater spatial variability than the native forest. Its greater sampling density was determined basing on the range of the adjusted semivariograms.Keywords: Indian black earth; attributes of soil; geostatistics. 

scholarly journals Systematic review on event prediction models

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Fakhruzy Shakirin Jamaludin ◽  
R Kanesaraj Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Hybrid Algorithm ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Hybrid Algorithms ◽  
Event Prediction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prediction Systems ◽  
A Company

Predicting an event can comes as a huge advantage for a lot of people, especially if it involves profits that a company can make. In this paper, matters that were discussed were the algorithms used for the event prediction systems, the type of algorithms and the comparison between different types of algorithm. Two main categories that were compared was the single algorithm for the prediction model and hybrid algorithms which is a combination of two or more algorithms in the model. Hybrid algorithm shows signs of better efficiency when data used were complex and large but a smaller dataset is more suitable with a single algorithm as the base as it is easier to apply with satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of Fine Roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii Introduced to the Native Forest Environment

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Marta Damszel ◽  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Katarzyna Sikora ◽  
Agata Młodzińska ◽  
Sławomir Piętka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Introduced Trees

The mycobiota of the fine roots of Pseudotsuga menziesii were studied as a measure of the adaptation of this alien species to new soil and climatic conditions. We hypothesized that after approximately 130 years of growth in a given habitat, the fungal community colonizing the fine roots of introduced trees would resemble the biota of Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica in surrounding stands of similar age and site conditions. The genetic material isolated from the fine roots was subjected to metagenomic analysis. We recorded 33, 97 and 95 OTUs exclusively from root samples of Douglas fir, beech and pine, respectively; 124 were common to all sample types. The biota from the roots of P. menziesii featured a less diverse taxonomic composition and were characterized by the highest proportion of symbiotrophs (71.8%) versus saprothrophs (5.6%) and pathogens (0.24%). Some fungal taxa (19) in the roots of P. menziesii were common with the biota in the roots of other adjacent trees, while some (7) were unique to Douglas fir. Our results indicate a locally differentiated strategy of naturalness of fungi inhabiting soil and roots of P. menziesii, although 130 years have passed since the introduction of the species.

scholarly journals Quantitative Quality Evaluation of Software Products by Considering Summary and Comments Entropy of a Reported Bug

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Kumari ◽  
Ananya Misra ◽  
Sanjay Misra ◽  
Luis Fernandez Sanz ◽  
Robertas Damasevicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Bug Fixing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Software Bug ◽  
Testing Coverage

A software bug is characterized by its attributes. Various prediction models have been developed using these attributes to enhance the quality of software products. The reporting of bugs leads to high irregular patterns. The repository size is also increasing with enormous rate, resulting in uncertainty and irregularities. These uncertainty and irregularities are termed as veracity in the context of big data. In order to quantify these irregular and uncertain patterns, the authors have appliedentropy-based measures of the terms reported in the summary and the comments submitted by the users. Both uncertainties and irregular patterns have been taken care of byentropy-based measures. In this paper, the authors considered that the bug fixing process does not only depend upon the calendar time, testing effort and testing coverage, but it also depends on the bug summary description and comments. The paper proposed bug dependency-based mathematical models by considering the summary description of bugs and comments submitted by users in terms of the entropy-based measures. The models were validated on different Eclipse project products. The models proposed in the literature have different types of growth curves. The models mainly follow exponential, S-shaped or mixtures of both types of curves. In this paper, the proposed models were compared with the modelsfollowingexponential, S-shaped and mixtures of both types of curves.

Study on Photometric Performance Attenuation Law of Retroreflective Materials for Road Traffic

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3568-3573
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Chuan Jiao Sun ◽  
Wen Ying Su ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Attenuation Law ◽  
Basic Work ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

The testing and evaluation of the retroreflective materials are the basic work of the road traffic engineering quality. In this paper, artificial neural networks are used to make the study on the photometric performance attenuation law of retroreflection materials. Through the establishment of photometric prediction models to forecast reflection coefficient of the different types of retroreflective sheeting, compared with the testing values, the results showed that photometric performance attenuation law can predict the coefficient of retroreflection of retroreflective sheeting. This conclusion is important for the application of retroreflective materials.

Comparing Ecological Effects of two Different Types of Pollution Using Multivariate Techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemis Nicolaidou ◽  
Argyro Zenetos ◽  
Maria Antonietta Pancucci ◽  
Nomiki Simboura
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Different Types

Creep Property of Concretes with Different Types of Coarse Aggregates

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Mang Tia
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Creep Property ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Prestress Loss ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Different Types

The rheological phenomenon of concrete materials, also termed as creep, is one of very important properties of concrete. Excessive deformation caused by creep does more detrimental effects on prestressed concrete structures than otherwise. Even though some investigations had been conducted on the normal concrete mixtures by the researchers and engineers all over the world, and the conclusions and the creep prediction models based on those investigations were developed, their effectiveness to be extended to all the concrete mixtures is very limited due primarily to the susceptibility of the creep property of concrete to the variation of the properties of aggregate, cement, water to cementitious materials ratio and their proportions. Especially for prestress concrete, creep induced prestress loss puts severe threat on the safety and durability of prestressed structures. Thus, in order to thoroughly understand the creep characteristics of the typical concrete mixtures used in Florida, this project was carried out by University of Florida and Florida Department of Transportation. The investigation found out that the creep strains of the concretes with different types of coarse aggregates at 91 days are very close, while the differences of creep coefficients of the concretes with different aggregates are fairly significant.

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