scholarly journals Water footprint of individuals with different diet patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente De Paulo Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá ◽  
Lincoln Eloi De Araújo ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Danilo De Oliveira Aleixo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Family

The “water footprint” (WF) concept has been recently introduced as an important indicator of human water consumption. WF is defined as the total volume of water used during the production and consumption of goods and services as well as of direct water consumption by humans. The objective of this work was to use the WF concept to analyze vegetarian and non-vegetarian consumers with different levels of family income. A case study was conducted with residents of Caicó city (Brazil) in order to estimate total amount of water consumed or polluted while producing the goods and services utilized by these consumers. The results indicated that, on average, the WF of the vegetarian consumer represents 58% of non- vegetarian consumers. The WF of the non-vegetarian female consumer was 10-13% smaller than that of the male consumer while for vegetarian consumers the female’s WF was only 5.8% less than the male’s. The WF of the consumer increases linearly with the family income. A population’s water footprint increases as a function of family income and decreases according to eating habits.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI MOTIVASI WIRAUSAHA PEREMPUAN PEDESAAN DENGAN HADIRNYA MITRA PEMBANGUN BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN TEORI HARAPAN

2016 ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Teguh Endaryono
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Production House

Entrepreneurship is an alternative to improve the ability of the local economy. Development in rural areas,which are dominated by agronomic activities and the roles of men as the bread winner of the family income.In order to respond the increasing needs of life, women had the opportunity to engage in business that can increase the family income. Based on the expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964), this case study examining how the women entrepreneurs in rural respond to the presence of students whom follow the activityof community development as a builder. The aims of this study is to find out the expectancy, instrumentality and valence according to the rural women entrepreneurs. This study uses a case study with the informant are the women entrepreneurs who become as business partners of the community development activities the student of STIE Prasetya Mulya. The specific finding in this research distinguished between individual and social aspect. In terms of individuals, they want to increase income, skill in basic accounting, anticipate the scarcity of rawmaterials and capital stimulus. In terms of social, they are not economically dependent on their parents, flexible hour, have a production house, and add to the family assets.

scholarly journals Decoupling Water Consumption and Environmental Impact on Textile Industry by Using Water Footprint Method: A Case Study in China

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Linyi Lu ◽  
Yingxi Tan ◽  
Laili Wang ◽  
Manhong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Water Footprint

scholarly journals The Financial Situation of the households in Poland after Implementation of the Programme „Family 500+”

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Joanna Bugajewska
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Monthly Family Income ◽  
Polish People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Instrument

The aim of the present paper is an analysis of the impact of the government economic instrument, the „Family 500+” programme on spending decisions of Polish people. For this purpose, financial conditions of families living in two Polish cities: Radom and Chełm were being observed (in the light of the own diagnosis). As a part of a survey, people were asked questions regarding the amount of monthly family income, savings and credits, types of goods and services purchased owing to the  „500+” programme for the benefit of children and young people under 18. The paper ends with conclusions resulting from the conducted research.

scholarly journals PERAN ISTRI NELAYAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA (Studi Kasus di Desa Penjajab, Kecamatan Pemangkat, Kabupaten Sambas)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulana Firdaus ◽  
Rikrik Rahadian
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Household Incomes

Ketidakpastian pendapatan yang diperoleh oleh kepala keluarga sebagai nelayan mendorong anggota rumah tangga lainnya seperti istri dan anak untuk bekerja agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup rumah tangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peran istri nelayan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga menurut jenis pekerjaan yang dilakukan dan pendapatan yang diperoleh serta besarnya sumbangan pendapatan tersebut untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2013 di Desa Penjajab, Kabupaten Sambas. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Pengambilan responden dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar istri nelayan di Desa Penjajab memiliki pekerjaan sebagai pengolah produk perikanan (kerupuk, ikan kering dan terasi). Rataan besarnya nilai pendapatan istri nelayan adalah Rp.372.400,-/bln. Kontribusi pendapatan istri terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga adalah sebesar 24,04%. Pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh istri dan kepala keluarga dalam rumah tangga nelayan memiliki karakteristik yang sama, sangat tergantung pada musim. Ketika pendapatan kepala keluarga meningkat maka kecenderungan pendapatan pada istri nelayan juga meningkat. Hal ini dikarenakan bahan baku ikan olahan berasal dari hasil tangkapan suami. Meningkatkan partisipasi istri dan anggota keluarga dalam bekerja merupakan salah satu usaha strategis saat ini untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga. Pengembangan usaha diluar sektor perikanan sangat penting dilakukan, mengingat tingkat pendapatan dari sektor perikanan masih rendah karena sangat dipengaruhi oleh musim. (Role of Fisher’s Wife to Increase the Household Income (Case study in the Penjajab Village, Pemangkat Sub District of Sambas))Uncertainty income earned by the head of the family as a fisher push other household members, such as wives and children to work in order to meet the household needs. This study was conducted to determine the role of the fisher’s wife to increasing household incomes in terms of the type of work and the income earned as well as the contribution of such the revenues to increase household income. Study was conducted in 2013 in Penjajab village of Sambas Regency. Survey method was used in this study. The selection of respondents used a purposive sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results showed that most of the fisher’s wife in the Penjajab Villages has a job as a processing fishery products (crackers, dried fish and shrimp paste). Average income of the fisher’s wife is Rp.372.400, - / month. Wife revenue contribution to total household income is equal to 24.04%. Work performed by the wife and the head of the family in the fisher households have the same characteristics, is highly dependent on the season. When the head of the family income increases, the tendency of the fishers wife revenue also increased. This is because the raw material processed fish catch comes from the husband. Increasing the participation of wife and family members in work is one of the current strategic effort to increase the househods revenue. Business development outside of the fisheries sector is very important because the level of income from the fisheries sector is still low and heavily depend on season.

scholarly journals The Sustainability of Muslim Women Entrepreneurs: A Case Study in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Endi Rekarti ◽  
Zakaria Bahari ◽  
Normaisarah M. Zahari ◽  
Caturida Meiwanto Doktoralina ◽  
Nor Asariah Ilias
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Business Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dry Food

The number of women who engage in small entrepreneurs (SMEs) in Malaysia, Kelantan has a high number of Muslim businesswomen whose efforts have been in place for over ten years and their businesses are able to increase family income on sustainable. This paper aims to identify the types of sustainability activities undertaken by Muslim small business women in Kelantan and to analyse the factors that influence the viability of Muslim women entrepreneurs doing business there. A case study was conducted to answer the question of how Muslim women entrepreneurs can be sustainable in business. Interview respondents were selected from a random sampling conducted on 15 Muslim women entrepreneurs in Kelantan. These findings indicate the dry food product business is more sustainable than wet goods because the sale of dry goods is always in demand and does not require much initial capital. This study shows that the factors that influence the survival of Muslim women small entrepreneurs in Kelantan are divided into three categories i.e., First financial capital, the human capital of an inherited business and the family experience gained in the field plays a role. Last, the patient's spiritual element, which is deliberate and honest.

Water footprint

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-174
Author(s):  
Mohammad Delpasand ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Erfan Goharian
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Public Economy

Abstract Uneven water distribution in the world is the main reason today that some countries face problems due to water scarcity. Human activities consume and pollute large amounts of water. Globally, agriculture is the largest water user by volume. However, the water used by industrial and household sectors is still significant. Water consumption and pollution are caused by specific activities such as irrigation, bathing, washing, cleaning, cooling and by various other processes. Little attention has been paid to how much water use and pollution ultimately result from such activities, and how much water is consumed by communities, compared to the attention paid to the structure of the public economy that supplies consumer goods and services. Overall, to mitigate water scarcity problems, there are several approaches that can be made, such as inter-basin water transfer, increasing efficiency of water consumption and also using new concepts such as virtual water and the water footprint. The footprint of a product is the amount of fresh water used to produce it, measured across the complete supply chain. Water footprint is a multidimensional indicator that shows the amount of water consumed by the source as well as the amount and types of contamination.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAINING IN FAMILY INCOME INCREASING BUSINESS PROGRAM CASE STUDY IN PENDRIKAN LOR VILLAGE SEMARANG CITY 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohammad Soko Marhendi ◽  
Indra Lestari Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Business Program ◽  
Training Research

Until now poverty still exists and is found in people in Java. Central Java is the province with the largest poverty depth index in Java. For this reason, sustainable empowerment needs to be sought and used to overcome the problem of poverty. One of the empowerment programs carried out by the regional government is the Family Income Improvement Business Program (UP2K). This study uses a qualitative approach that aims to describe the empowerment process that has been carried out especially at the stage of the training program. The type of research is descriptive. The results obtained in the training research were carried out by determining training needs, designing training programs, and evaluating program effectiveness. If this stage is carried out it will have a positive impact on the family's economic capacity. The driving factors of the implementation of the training include adaptive and competent trainers and supporting facilities and infrastructure. However, in the implementation, there were still obstacles in the field, including low education of participants and the timing of training which often clashed with the participants’ activities. The suggested solution is to use competent trainers and socialize before training.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Employment Competitiveness of City-based and Application-oriented College Graduates and a Comparative Analysis of Their Differences—A Case Study of Beijing Union University

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Liping Jiang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Keqiang Wu ◽  
Ning Yan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Family Income ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Foreign Language Proficiency ◽  
Party Members

As a city-based and application-oriented college, Beijing Union University focuses on cultivating application-oriented talents to meet the needs of city development. In recent years, the number of college graduates has increased, the demand for talents has become increasingly high, and the employment situation for graduates has become increasingly grim. This paper takes the 2019 graduates of Beijing Union University as the objects of investigation, and conducts research on the employment competitiveness of graduates through questionnaires and interviews. It is found that in terms of environment adaptability and the concept of employment, there are significant differences among graduates from different registered permanent residences and habitual residences; Party members and females have significantly higher levels of professionalism and foreign language proficiency than those of non-Party members and males; and the family income of graduates from Beijing and who live in cities is relatively better. Based on the existing research results, some suggestions have been made for both individual college graduates and higher education institutions.

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