EFFECTS OF AGE AT PHOTOPERIOD CHANGE AND DIETARY PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCES OF FOUR DWARF MATERNAL MEAT PARENT GENOTYPES AND THEIR BROILER CHICKEN PROGENY

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A factorial experiment was conducted with 3030 chickens of four maternal dwarf genotypes mated with normal males to estimate the effects of age at a photoperiod change from 8 to 12 h (daily) at 140 or 154 days, and two levels of dietary protein (15 or 17%) on general performance, incidence of Fatty Liver Syndrome and monetary returns. Three of the four maternal genotypes performed similarly for most traits measured but one genotype exhibited better feed efficency of egg production, produced more eggs and, although the eggs were smaller resulted in the highest monetary returns. Delaying the increase in photoperiod change retarded sexual maturity and reduced egg weight at 203 days and egg specific gravity at 406 days. The 17% protein diet improved egg production (including hatching eggs), feed efficiency of egg production, egg weights; and female body weights at 154 and 446 days of age were also heavier. Dietary protein levels had no effect on mortality (P > 0.05). Mean monetary returns from the sale of table eggs, hatching eggs and salvage meat in excess of the costs of day-old breeder stock and feed, averaged $1.07 more per bird fed the 17% diet. The progeny test revealed significant differences among genotypes for male mortality, male and female body weights, and feed conversion; however, monetary returns over feed and chick cost were similar. The time of change in photoperiod and dietary treatments had no significant effect on the overall performance of broiler progeny but there was a genotype × parental diet interaction for 43 day female body weights. Key words: Dwarfs, meat breeders, hens, broilers, photoperiods, diets

scholarly journals EFFECT OF QUALITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION ON PULLET DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSEQUENT EGG PRODUCTION.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
A. SEKONI ◽  
P. C. NJOKU ◽  
J. M. OLOMU ◽  
S. O. OGUNDIPE ◽  
S. A. OFFIONG
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding different protein levels  during the rearing and development of egg-type  pullets as well as on eventual egg production was investigated in two experiments. In experiment I, the dietary crude protein (CP) regimens (and old to point of lay notations) in isocaloric diets for the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively for treatment 1: 20% and 16% (20:16), treatment 2: 16% and 16% (16:16), treatment 3: 12% and 12% (12:12), treatment 4: 16% and 12% (16:12), treatment 5:20% and 12% (20:12) and for treatment 6 theregimens comprised 20% for 0-8 weeks, 16% for9-16 weeks and 12% for 17-20 weeks (20:16:12) In experiment 2, treatments 1 to 5 for experiments 1 were repeated while three step-up dietary treatments 6, 7 and 8 were evaluated in addition. For the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively, the CP regimens for treatment 6 were 12% and 16% (12:20) and for traetment 7, 12% and 20% (12:20) and for treatment 8, 16% and 20% (16:20). From 20 weeks in each experiment, a common layer diet containing 16% CP and 2,449 Kcals metabolizable energy per kg was fed ad libitum to all treatments and all the subsequent egg production was monitored for a further 16 weeks . Both studies indicated that production was reported egg-type chickens fed diets with a drastic protein restriction (12%) in the starting period (0-8 weeks) had significantly reduced body weights at 20 weeks and delayed sexual maturity.  However, when such birds were subsequently (9-20 weeks) offered diets with higher protein content significant compensatory effects on weight gain and feed conversion were indicated. The step-up CP règimens in experiment 2 performed.

Effect of flame roasting of dietary grains on the performance of leghorn hens

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M.G. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Weights

Two experiments examined the effect on the performance of Leghorn hens given diets containing flame-roasted grains from 140 to 490 d of age. In exp. 1, the inclusion of barley, corn and wheat roasted at 121, 119 and 149 °C, respectively, had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on productive performance. Experiment 2 contained a factorial arrangement of treatments that involved two sources of dietary barley (non-roasted or flame-roasted at 154 °C), two methods of milling (hammer or roller) and two dietary protein levels (15 or 18%). Hens given the diets that contained roasted barley had lower (P < 0.01–0.001) 490-d body weights, egg production, early egg weight (196 d) and number of extra large sized eggs, and higher (P < 0.05–0.01) feed conversion, monetary returns, interior egg quality and number of medium sized and grades B and C eggs than those fed the non-roasted barley control diet. Mortality, the number of large-sized eggs and egg weights, feed conversion and the occurrence of blood spots were higher (P < 0.05–0.001) while the number of medium-sized eggs was lower (P < 0.05–0.001) when the hens were fed roller compared with hammer-milled grains. Hens given the 18% protein-containing diets had higher (P < 0.05–0.01) 490 d body weight, egg production, monetary returns and numbers of small sized and grades B and C eggs, but lower (P < 0.05) mortality than those receiving the diets that contained 15% protein. Key words: Flame roasting, dietary grains, Leghorn hens

Response of Japanese Breeder Quails to Varying Dietary Protein Levels in the Tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
G. S. Bawa ◽  
L. H. Lombin ◽  
P. Musa ◽  
U. Payi ◽  
D. Shamaki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Tropics

A three months feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of feeding varying levels of dietary protein on productive performance, egg quality characteristics and hatchability using 930 six weeks breeders quails. The birds were randomly divided into five dietary treatment groups of 186 birds, and were further replicated three times with 62 birds (50 females, 12 males) per replicate. They were fed five experimental diets containing either 18, 20, 22, 24 or 26% CP. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The results obtained did not show significant effect (P>0.05) on final live weight, % change in body weight, feed conversion ratio, cost per dozen or crate of egg produced, hen-day-production, hen-housed production and peak egg production across the dietary treatments. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed for feed intake, age at peak production, egg weight and percent mortality across the dietary treatments. Dietary protein levels had no significant (P>0.05) effects on Haugh unit, egg shape index, percent egg shell, egg shell index, egg specific gravity and egg shell thickness. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed across dietary treatments for % hatchability, fertility and chick weight at hatch. Chick weight at day-old increased with increase in the level of dietary protein. It was concluded that dietary protein level of 22%CP is required for optimum production, egg quality characteristics and reproductive performance of breeder quails in the tropics

PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS FED TWO DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS (18 AND 22%), TWO NEEPAWA WHEATS (14.5 AND 21.0% PROTEIN), AND SIX L-LYSINE LEVELS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-773
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Day-old male broiler chicks were fed 14.5 and 21.0% protein Neepawa wheats as ingredients in broiler diets to 4 wk of age. Two levels of dietary protein (18 and 22%) and six levels of added L-lysine HCl (L-lysine) (0.0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30%) were used with each wheat. The desired dietary protein contents were obtained by varying the proportions of the wheats and soybean meal. Body weights and feed-to-gain ratios were significantly affected by the three variables. Within the 18% protein diets, the diet containing 14.5% protein wheat and supplemented with at least 0.18% L-lysine gave maximal growth and most efficient feed conversion. Maximal growth was not obtained on any of the 18% protein diets with 21.0% protein wheat, regardless of L-lysine supplementation. With the 22% protein diets, L-lysine supplementation up to 0.24% of the diet improved the body weight and feed conversions of the chicks when the diet contained 21.0% protein wheat, and generally the results were not different from those obtained when the diet contained the 14.5% protein wheat. L-lysine supplementation of the 22% protein diet containing the 14.5% protein wheat did not significantly affect growth or feed conversion. High-protein wheat supplemented with adequate L-lysine can be fed to chicks and thereby substantially reduce the amount of supplemental protein required.

HIGH-PROTEIN WHEAT IN DIETS FOR LAYING HENS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Weights

High-protein wheat (21.0%) and regular-protein wheat (14.5%) were compared at two dietary protein levels with and without supplementary L-lysine. The diets were fed to White Leghorn laying hens maintained in floor pens for 44 wk. The addition of 0.3% L-lysine increased egg production from all diets, although the increase with the 17.4%-protein diet was not significant. L-lysine supplementation increased egg weight with the high-protein wheat diets but not with the regular wheat diets. Feed consumed per dozen eggs was lowest when hens were fed regular-protein wheat supplemented with L-lysine. L-lysine supplementation of the high-protein wheat in the 16%-protein diet reduced the amount of feed required per dozen eggs. Body weights of hens were not affected by L-lysine supplementation of the regular wheat diet; however, supplementation of the high-protein wheat diets resulted in increased body weights. The use of high-protein wheat in the diets that were not corrected for protein (i.e., 17.4%-protein diet) did not support high rates of lay, egg size, and body weight unless supplemented with L-lysine.

scholarly journals Protein requirement of Japanese quail (coturnix corturnix japonica) chicks in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
G. S Bawa ◽  
L. H. Lombin ◽  
D. Shamaki ◽  
P. Karsin ◽  
U. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of varying dietary levels of protein on performance of Japanese quail chicks. Six iso-caloric (2953-3078 kcal/kg, ME) diets were formulated to contain crude protein (CP) at 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28% levels, respectively. Each of the dietary treatment was replicated three times with sixty (60) quail chicks per replicate. A total of 1080 day-old unsexed quail chicks were used for the study and distributed using completely randomized design. The experiment lasted 42 days during which data were collected. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein intake differ significantly (P<0.05) due to dietary treatments. Final live weight and cost per gain were not significantly (P>0.05) different across dietary treatments. Age at first egg and average weight of eggs at point of lay differed significantly (P<0.05) across dietary treatments. The haematological parameters (Total protein, haemoglobin, albumen and red blood cell) were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary protein levels. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, prime cuts and the weight of major organs expressed as percentage of the live weight were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that Japanese quail chicks required up to 26% level of dietary protein for optimum performance. 

scholarly journals OPTIMUM PROTEIN AND ENERGY LEVELS FOR FINISHING BROILER CHICKENS IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
M. J. Olomu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Three experiments were conducted to determine the optimum protein and energy levels for finishing broiler chickens in a tropical environment. Dietary protein levels (20, 23 and 26 percent) and energy levels (2800, 3000 and 3200 Kcal/kg diet) tested had no significant effects on performance of finishing chickens fed fishmeal-containing rations. Rations based on cereals and groundnut meal, without fishmeal, did not support maximum liveweight gain and feed efficiency at dietary protein levels below 26 percent. Dietary treatments had no significant effects on carcass dressing percentages. Based on the present results, a protein level of 20 percent(for fishmeal containing rations) and 23 or 26 percent (for rations based on groundnut meal without fishmeal) and energy levels of 2800 to 3000 Kcal/Kg diet are tentatively recommended for finishing broiler chickens raised in a tropical country like Nigeria.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein on the growth of mullet, Chelon labrosus, reared in sea cages

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Altunok ◽  
Osman Özden
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chelon Labrosus

Abstract The purpose of the study was to obtain preliminary data on the effect of dietary protein on the growth of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) juveniles reared in net sea-cages. The juveniles (6.2 ± 0.61 g) were obtained from the wild and were stocked into net sea-cages at a stocking rate of 100 juveniles per cubic meter and fed with experimental diets including 25, 30, or 35% crude protein for 87 days. The highest mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were 39.5 g and 2.13% day−1, respectively, at protein levels of 30%. The diet also resulted in the most efficient feed conversion ratio of 1.61.

Responses of IsaBrown laying hens to a pre-layer diet containing additional calcium and to dietary protein and lysine concentrations during lay

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Balnave ◽  
R. J. Gill ◽  
X. Li ◽  
W. L. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Grower Diet

IsaBrown pullets were obtained from a commercial breeder at 15 (Expt 1) and 16 (Expt 2) weeks of age and housed in either single-bird or multiple 5-bird cages in a high rise, windowless layer house in which temperatures were maintained below 30˚C by computerised control of fans and evaporative cooling pads. In Expt 1, they were fed either a grower diet or a pre-layer diet consisting of the grower diet containing additional calcium to 18 weeks of age and then maintained during lay to 56 weeks of age on diets containing either 160 or 180 g crude protein (CP)/kg. In Expt 2, they were fed the grower diet to 19 weeks of age and then 1 of 5 diets similar in all ingredients except that the lysine concentration varied between 7.35 and 8.95 g/kg in increments of 0.4 g/kg. The L-lysine HCl supplements were added in lieu of solka floc, an inert cellulose supplement. In Expt 1, mortality was low (2.25%), peak egg production was high (95–98%), and the mean rate of lay at 56 weeks of age was above 88%. The diet fed prior to lay had no significant effect on production during lay. Feed intake and egg production were similar for hens fed both dietary protein levels during lay, and egg weight and egg mass output were greater for hens fed the diet containing 180 g CP/kg. Hens in multiple-bird cages ate significantlyless feed for a significantly smaller daily egg mass output. In Expt 2, increasing the dietary lysine concentration significantly reduced feed intake and significantly increased lysine intake, egg shell breaking strength, and albumen height. Multiple-caged hens had a significantly lower hen-housed egg production as a result of a 7-fold increase in mortality compared with hens in single cages, due mainly to cannibalism. The daily lysine requirement formaximum egg production approximated 940 mg for hens in single cages and 975 mg for hens in multiple-bird cages.

The performance of laying hens fed various dietary protein levels in the growing period and first laying year

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Connor ◽  
HW Burton
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Protein Layer ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Laying Performance

Two experiments examined the effects of protein restriction in the growing period on the production of egg type pullets. The protein levels of diets fed in the growing period were 15, 13, and 11 per cent. The treatments were incorporated in factorial designs with nutritional treatments in the laying period involving diet protein levels of 17, 15, and 13 per cent and, for one of the experiments, with housing densities of either 4 sq. ft. or 2 sq. ft. per bird. Restriction of protein during the growing period retarded growth and delayed sexual maturity, but neither of the levels of restriction examined increased subsequent laying performance. Eggs lost due to delays in the onset of production were not compensated for by increases in subsequent production and egg weight was generally depressed by protein restriction. The pattern of egg production was altered by restriction. A 13 per cent protein layer diet introduced at point of lay also reduced bodyweight gain and delayed age at sexual maturity. Interactions between nutritional and housing treatments in the growing and laying periods were apparent in egg production and egg weight.

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