RATE AND EFFICIENCY OF GAIN IN HEREFORD AND ANGUS BULLS FROM LINES SELECTED FOR RAPID GROWTH ON HIGH-ENERGY AND LOW-ENERGY DIETS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Hereford and Angus bull calves were obtained from lines selected for an average of 18 yr for rapid growth on a high-energy diet (concentrate) or a low-energy diet (forage). They were given a typical feedlot diet (70% concentrate and 30% forage) in amounts about equal to 95% of the ad libitum intake and were slaughtered at a liveweight of 500 kg. Effects of breed, or of the selection diet given to the antecedents of the bulls, on rate and efficiency of gain of empty body, carcass, fat, protein, and energy were measured. Selection diet had no effect on rate or energetic efficiency of gain of the empty body or any of its constituents, nor on the distribution of the constituents of the gain between the carcass and the noncarcass portions of the empty body. This suggests that both selection diets exerted the same selection pressure for improved growth rate and feed efficiency when offspring resulting from selection were provided with a common high-energy diet and that either type of diet would, therefore, be appropriate for selecting animals for production systems that use high-energy diets. It was suggested that the main effect of selection was to increase the mature weight of the offspring. Comparing breeds, it was noted that Hereford bulls were heavier at birth, grew more slowly to weaning but more efficiently thereafter, and their carcasses were a smaller proportion of empty live weight than were those of Angus bulls. Key words: Diet, breed, growth, efficiency, selection, bull

BLOOD COMPOSITION IN HEREFORD AND ANGUS BULLS FROM LINES SELECTED FOR RAPID GROWTH ON HIGH-ENERGY OR LOW-ENERGY DIETS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
G. J. MEARS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
Energy Substrates ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Angus and Hereford bull calves were obtained from lines of cattle selected for 18 yr for rapid post-weaning gain on high-energy or low-energy diets. After weaning they were given a common diet consisting of 70% barley-based concentrate and 30% roughage. Bulls whose ancestors were selected on the high-energy diet had lower levels of cholesterol and albumin in the blood than bulls whose ancestors were selected on the low-energy diet. Blood insulin, growth hormone and energy substrates were not affected by differences in the nature of the selection diets and this accords with absence of effect of selection diet on rate, efficiency or composition of gain. The significance of the selection effects on cholesterol and albumin levels in blood is unknown. Key words: Angus, Hereford, bulls, blood, composition, selection

scholarly journals Effect of high and low energy based concentrate diet supplementation on nutrient intake and body weight changes of buffalo bull calves at Subornochar Upozila of Noakhali district in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
MA Siddiki ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MO Faruque ◽  
ZH Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Bull Calves

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of high and low energy based concentrate diets (13.77 Vs 12.14 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy) on the nutrient intake and body weight changes of indigenous growing buffalo bull calves in Bangladesh. The crude protein contents of both the supplemented diets were similar (about 12.50% on DM basis). In this study, a total of fifteen indigenous growing buffalo bull calves (av. Live weight 85.10±0.874 kg) were selected from different villages. It was found that the total dry matter intake was the highest (28.22±0.015 g/kg W0.75/d) in group supplemented with high energy concentrate diet along with farmer’s practices (D1), thereafter, in group supplemented with low energy concentrate diet along with farmer’s practices (D2) (27.79±0.015 g/kg W0.75/d) and the lowest (26.39±0.016 g/kg W0.75/d) in control group (D0) in which the animals were fed only farmers practices diet. Similarly, the crude protein intake was the highest in D1 group (2.86 ±0.029 g/kg W0.75/d), followed by D2 group (2.83±0.010 g/kg W0.75/d) and the lowest in farmer’s practices diet, D0 (2.08b±0.021 g/kg W0.75/d).  However, the final body weight of buffalo bull calves was higher in both groups supplemented with concentrate diets (D1 and D2) compared with control (D0) and differed significantly (p<0.01) while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) found between D1 and D2 where high energy concentrate supplementation group buffalo bull claves, D1 tended to be higher than low energy concentrate supplementation group buffalo bull claves, D2. The highest final (254.6 kg) body weight was recorded in high energy concentrate supplemented diets and the lowest (144.0 kg) was found in control. Additionally, the average final body weight was increased by 153.40 kg (151.58%), 150.40 kg (152.22%) and 45.60 kg (46.34%) in D1, D2 and D0 group buffalo bull calves, respectively. On the other hand, the average final body weight of D1 and D2 was increased by 110.60 kg (76.80%) and 105.20 kg (73.05%), respectively, compared with D0. In addition, the highest (6.46) feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was recorded in D1 followed by D2 (6.64) and the lowest (12.17) was found in D0. The trends of cost benefit ratio was the same like other considering factors, the highest (1:3.60) found in D1 followed by D2 (1:3.51) and the lowest (1:1.97) in D0. Finally, considering all the parameters, it was clearly indicated that supplementation of concentrate diet along with farmers practice is essential for fast growing, higher body weight gain and more benefits by rearing buffalo bull calves at Subornochar Upozila of Noakhali district in Bangladesh. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2021. 50 (1):50-56

The effect of certain dietary regimes on growth pattern and performance of young Friesian bulls fattened for beef

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Boaz ◽  
G. Kirk ◽  
C. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Weight One ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tibia Length ◽  
Entire Male

SUMMARYTwenty-four Friesian bull calves purchased at 10 weeks old were reared in three groups to slaughter at 420 kg live weight. One group (BB) was fed on a barley-concentrate diet to grow rapidly at 1·41 kg/day, a second (GG) was fed on dried grass cubes to grow slowly at 0·97 kg/day and the other (BG) was fed to grow rapidly to a live weight of 250 kg and thereafter at a slow rate, overall 1–20 kg/day.Efficiency of food conversion, energetic efficiency and efficiency of dissectible muscle production were best for BB animals, followed by BG and then GG. Changes in carcass composition mainly resulted from differential fat deposition, and bone/ muscle development was allometric in relation to fat-free empty body mass. The development of certain characteristics, the head, depth of forequarter, pelvic length and tibia length followed a time scale and may have reflected the priority for nutrients of some entire male characteristics irrespective of body size.In addition to being most efficient, the fastest growing bulls yielded carcasses with sufficient fat deposition to meet grading requirements, whereas both the slower growing groups of bulls were penalized in this respect.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PRE-WEANED CALVES REARED IN THE PANTANAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira ◽  
Urbano Gomes Pinto de Abreu ◽  
Rodrigo da Costa Gomes ◽  
Ériklis Nogueira ◽  
Juliana Correa Borges Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Early weaning (EW) has been adopted in cattle breeding farms in Pantanal as a strategy to increase the rate of pregnancy in cows. The primary income of these properties is the production of beef calves, and the price of these animals depends on their weight. Therefore, the calves subjected to EW should present weight similar to or higher than those of calves subjected to conventional weaning (CW). This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of pure (Nellore) calves and crossbred (Nellore/Angus) calves reared in the Pantanal and subjected to either EW or CW. After EW, the calves were supplemented with concentrate at 1 kg/animal/day (low-energy diet) or 1% of live weight (high-energy diet). The weights adjusted to 300 days of age were higher for EW calves fed the high-energy diet (p<0.01) in both genetic groups. No significant differences were observed in the weight of EW animals fed the low-energy diet and CW animals (p>0.01), and animal weight was 241.17 and 236.27 kg in crossbred calves and 184.44 and 189.78 in Nellore calves, respectively. The EW adopted in this experimental model did not affect the productive performance of calves raised in the Pantanal.

Effects of varying dietary energy and protein levels on gross morphology and histology of testes of breeder FUNAAB – Alpha cocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
B. Saleh ◽  
D. J. U. Kalla ◽  
S. T. Mbap ◽  
U. D. Doma ◽  
A. Y. Girgiri
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Tubular Lumen ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The effects of varying levels of dietary energy and protein on gross morphology and histology of testes of FUNNAB – Alpha chickens were studied at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi state. Twelve cocks were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; Standard diet (SD) (Control) (2650Kcal/Kg ME/ 16%CP), High Energy – Low Protein (HELP, 2800 Kcal/Kg ME/ 14%CP), High Energy – High Protein (HEHP, 2800 Kcal/Kg ME/ 18% CP) and Low Energy – Low Protein (LEHP, 2400 Kcal/Kg ME/ 18%CP) groups. A total of twelve FUNAAB – Alpha cocks were used for this experiment. The cocks were reared in floor pens under natural mating. At 69 weeks of age, all the cocks were slaughtered and testicles carefully removed for gross morphology and histological studies. A significant (P<0.05) influence of diet was noted on live weight with cocks fed HELP diet being heavier (P<0.05) than those in the other treatment groups. Means for all parameters of testicles measured where not different (P>0.05) from each other. Histological sections of the testes showed that HELP diet had mild effect on spermatogenesis evidenced by the scanty spermatozoa in the tubular lumen. It was concluded that FUNAAB – alpha cocks can be fed diets meant for breeding hens without adverse effect on spermatogenesis. However, feeding the LEHP diet produced roosters that were overweighed with slightly impaired spermatogenesis.

The effect of nutrition on the reproductive performance of first-litter sows 2. Protein and energy intakes during lactation

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. King ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A factorial experiment involving high (53·1 to 59·5 MJ) and low (25·4 to 27·1 MJ) daily intakes of digestible energy, and high (550 to 745 g) and low (302 to 318 g) daily intakes of crude protein during lactation, was conducted with 68 first-litter sows. Average lactation length was 32 days, and average backfat changes during lactation were +0·3, −1·4, −7·2 and −5·4 mm for the high energy/high protein, high energy/low protein, low energy/high protein and low energy/low protein combinations, respectively. The corresponding mean live-weight losses during lactation were 3·9, 32·5, 29·8 and 35·8 kg. Within 8 days of weaning, more sows receiving high intakes of both energy and protein during lactation exhibited oestrus (0·88 v. 0·53, x2 = 6·7, P < 0·01) than sows whose energy and/or protein intake throughout lactation had been restricted. Nitrogen balances of sows were determined between 18 and 22 days after farrowing. Sows receiving high intakes of both energy and protein during lactation were in positive nitrogen balance, whereas the nitrogen balances of sows on the other three dietary treatments during lactation were similar to each other but negative. Ovulation rate, subsequent litter size and embryo mortality were not significantly affected by energy or protein intake during lactation.

CARCASS AND EMPTY BODY COMPOSITION OF HEREFORD AND ANGUS BULLS FROM LINES SELECTED FOR RAPID GROWTH ON HIGH-ENERGY OR LOW-ENERGY DEITS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-594
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Kidney Fat

Hereford and Angus bull calves, progeny of breeding lines selected for nearly six generations for rapid growth on a high-energy (80% concentrate: 20% forage) or a low-energy (100% forage) diet, were themselves given a diet of 70% concentrate: 30% forage from 50 kg liveweight until slaughter at 500 kg liveweight. Effects of breed and ancestral selection diet on the composition of the empty body and the carcass at slaughter were measured. The sole effect of differences in the energy content of the selection diet was that bulls from the high-energy selection lines had higher proportions of muscle and bone in the front quarter and lower proportions in the hind quarter than bulls from the low-energy selection lines. Differences were small and probably not of economic importance. Breed of bull influenced significantly a number of body composition variables. As a proportion of empty liveweight, Herefords had lighter carcasses, less kidney fat, and heavier hides, heads, and feet than Angus. In addition, the carcasses of Hereford bulls had a higher proportion of bone than did those of the Angus and this was associated with differences in live body dimensions that reflected a larger overall skeletal size. As a result of these differences in the distribution of weight among the various parts of the empty body, Angus were superior to the Herefords in terms of total yield of carcass muscle (642 vs. 616 g kg−1 of empty liveweight) and ratio of muscle to bone in the carcass (4.96 vs. 4.64). It was concluded that the various indices of empty body and carcass composition were little influenced by ancestral selection diet but were affected by breed. Key words: Carcass, empty body, composition, cattle, selection, growth rate

Factors affecting voluntary feed intake in pigs. 3. The effect of a period of feed restriction, nutrient density of the diet and sex on intake, performance and carcass characteristics

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes ◽  
A. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. Over the weight range 23–50 kg live weight, pigs were fed either ad libitum or to a restricted scale. From 59 to 91 kg live weight, eight pairs of barrows and eight pairs of gilts were fed on each of two diets varying in nutrient density. The effects of feed restriction, nutrient density of the diet and sex on voluntary feed intake, performance and carcass characteristics were studied.2. Pigs which had been restricted grew more slowly and contained less fat and more lean at 50 kg live weight.3. When restricted pigs were offered feed ad libitum from 59 to 91 kg live weight they ate more and had higher daily intakes of digestible energy than pigs liberally fed in early life.4. There was evidence of compensatory growth in pigs which had received the restricted diet, but there was no significant difference in feed utilization between restricted and ad libitum pigs. It was concluded that the compensatory growth was largely the result of increased appetite.5. Pigs finally fed on a low energy diet, in comparison with those on a high energy diet, ate more feed but less digestible energy indicating that appetite was physically limited. Efficiency of conversion of digestible energy to live weight was similar on both treatments. A higher proportion of acetic acid was produced in the caecum of pigs fed the low energy diet. Pigs receiving the low energy diet had lower killing-out percentages not entirely caused by differences in the weight of the gut and its contents. The carcasses of pigs on the low energy diet were leaner than those on the high energy diet.6. Barrows consumed more digestible energy per day than gilts, required more feed and digestible energy per unit live-weight gain, had lower killing-out percentages, shorter carcasses, larger backfat measurements and smaller eye-muscle areas as estimated by A × B measurements. Barrow carcasses contained less dissected lean and more fat than gilts' carcasses.7. The results are discussed in relation to other work and it is concluded that voluntary feed intake is influenced by the nutrient density of the diet and the level of energy requirement of the pig, which may be affected by previous nutritional history.

Further studies of the effect of dietary energy content on the voluntary intake of pigs

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Owen ◽  
W. J. Ridgman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Short Period

1. Twenty-seven Large White pigs from three litters were involved in a 33 factorial experiment in which they were given three pelleted diets containing 0, 10% and 20% of dry sawdust during each third of an experimental period ranging from 29·5 to 118 kg live weight. The effects of these treatments on dry-matter intake and rate of growth in each sub-period and on the final carcass quality of the pig were studied.2. The results confirmed a previous finding that pigs developed a compensatory increase in intake in response to diets containing increasing amounts of sawdust, but that in small pigs this operates very poorly and leads to much retarded growth on the high sawdust diets.3. The compensatory intake mechanism took some time to develop after the pig had been put on to the sawdust diets, the delay being much longer in the smaller pig. Similarly, when the pigs were returned to high energy diets some time elapsed before intake returned to normal. During this time lag the pigs grew faster, as with compensatory growth, than when they had not previously been subjected to low energy diets.4. It is concluded that long-term observations must be made in order to investigate the nutrition of pigs fed ad libitum.5. Although energy intake can be restricted by giving low energy diets for a short period, this does not seem to improve carcass quality.

scholarly journals BIRTH WEIGHT IN CALVES AND ITS RELATION TO GROWTH RATES FROM BIRTH TO WEANING AND WEANING TO SLAUGHTER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
G. J. MEARS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Mature Size

Holstein steers and Hereford and Angus bulls were separated from their dams at 2 d of age and supplied fixed amounts of energy in relation to live weight between birth and 100 kg liveweight. Within individuals, relative weight gain (g kg−1 d−1) was constant between birth and weaning at 100 kg, and was taken as a measure of inherent growth efficiency. Constancy of relative weight gain indicates that the weight of body substance deposited daily is proportional to the weight of the growing mass. As a consequence, the smaller the birth weight, the lower the absolute daily gain at any given age up to weaning. Variations in birth weight and relative weight gain before weaning were together shown to account for nearly all the variance in absolute weight gain, and variation in birth weight per se was responsible for between 36 and 60% of it. The Hereford and Angus bulls were supplied uniform amounts of energy in relation to liveweight from 100 to 500 kg liveweight, when they were slaughtered. Birth weight was positively correlated with post-weaning daily weight gain and negatively with both energetic efficiency of weight gain and the proportion of fat in the carcass gain. It appeared that these relationships were the result of an association between birth weight and mature weight since, over any fixed weight interval, cattle of large mature size gain faster, and deposit less fat, than cattle of small mature size. Key words: Birth weight, growth, efficiency, cattle

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