THE INFLUENCE OF BICARBONATE BUFFERS ON MILK PRODUCTION AND ACID-BASE BALANCE IN LACTATING DAIRY COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. McKINNON ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Base Balance

Two 4 × 4 Latin square feeding trials were conducted to investigate the influence of 0.75% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), 0.75% potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) and 0.66% ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on production and acid-base parameters of dairy cows. Buffer supplementation did not improve feed intake or milk production compared to the control ration of 50% concentrate, 50% barley silage (DM basis). Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and crude protein were not influenced by treatment. Buffer supplementation resulted in an increase in milk fat and total solids content in trial 2 but not in trial 1. In comparison to the two buffered rations, NH4Cl induced a mild form of acidosis as evidenced from reduced (P < 0.05) blood pH, HCO3, BE and urine pH values in trial 1 and blood HCO3 and urine pH in trial 2. In addition, DM and concentrate intake were reduced in trial 2 with NH4Cl supplementation. Treatment did not affect the molar proportions of the major rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA). It is concluded that milk fat production did not respond as expected to buffer supplementation due to a failure to influence the pattern of rumen VFA production. The control ration did not stress the acid-base homeostasis of the animal. Consequently, buffer supplementation did not lead to any improvement in systemic acid-base status. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, potassium and sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, acid-base balance

scholarly journals Determination of NABE in urine of high-yield dairy cows in early lactation in conditions of moderate heat stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Natalija Fratric ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Dragan Gvozdic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The work presents the results of investigations of the effect of moderate heat stress on the acidobasal status in high-yield dairy cows in early lactation. Improving performance in high-yield dairy cows increases their inclination toward metabolic disorders. The most likely to be affected is the acid-base balance, in particular when cows are exposed to heat stress. Investigations so far have shown that the taking of urine samples and their analysis is the best and fastest way to diagnose disorders in the acid-base balance. Investigations were carried out on 7 clinically healthy cows of the Holstein- Friesian breed in the phase of early lactation, 30 to 40 days (on days 30, 33 and 40 ) following calving during the summer period, during the month of July, when there were significant variations in daily and nightly temperatures. The cows were in the second and fourth lactation, the annual milk yield was 8000 L milk per cow. The average daily milk production in the early phase of lactation ranged from 35 to 40 L. The cows were fed mixed rations (TMR) twice daily. Lucerne hay in limited quantities was given to the cows prior to the mixed feed ration. The ration for this animal category was optimized on the grounds of the daily milk production. The balance of cations and anions in the feed ration stood at 95 mEq/kg DM. The results clearly demonstrate the cows' response to moderate heat stress through the defense parameters in urine (urine pH, NABE (net-acid-base-excretion), acids, bases, ammonium ion (NH4). The determination of the kidney NABE yields more correct data than the urine pH on acidotic conditions. The results of examinations of the urine pH do not show any digressions from physiological values and are approximately the same in all cows during the investigated periods. Normal NABE values are from 100-200 mmol/L. Burdening with acid products results in a NABE range from 0-100mmol/L, and metabolic acidosis results in NAB<0 mmol/L. NABE in the cows in this experiment revealed that the organism is burdened by acid metabolic products and it stood at 58.28?27.96 mmol/L on day 30, 69.28?29.89 mmol/L on day 33, and 60.60?26.88mmol/L on day 40. Consequently, it seems that NABE values are decreased in cases of acidosis due to stepped up H+ excretion and stepped up bicarbonate reabsorption.

Effect of virginiamycin and sodium bicarbonate on milk production, milk composition and metabolism of dairy cows fed high levels of concentrates

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Valentine ◽  
E. H. Clayton ◽  
G. J. Judson ◽  
J. B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Condition Score

Milk production and composition were measured for 63 days in 153 Holstein–Friesian cows offered either 7, 10 or 13 kg/day (as fed) of a rolled, 74% barley/26% lupin grain mixture together with either no feed additive, 300 mg/day of virginiamycin (VM) or 300 mg/day of virginiamycin plus 200 g/day of sodium bicarbonate (VM + NaHCO3). All cows were fed 1 kg/day of a pelleted mineral supplement containing the additives. The cows were grazed as a single herd on perennial ryegrass–subterranean clover pasture with pasture silage available during periods of pasture shortage. Rumen fluid was analysed for pH and volatile fatty acids, blood for plasma glucose, beta-hydroxy-butyrate, urea and D- and L-lactic acid, faeces for dry matter and pH, and both urine and milk for urea and sodium. The incidence of grain bloat in all treatments was low. There was no main effect of dietary additive treatment on grain intake, but at the highest grain level, cows offered VM or VM + NaHCO3 ate more grain than those offered no dietary additive. There were no significant differences between the dietary additive treatments in milk production, milk composition, cell count, liveweight and condition score. Mean daily covariance-corrected yields of milk and protein (kg), and milk protein content (g/kg) respectively, were significantly (P<0.01) greater for cows fed 11 (28.0, 0.86, 30.6) and 14 kg/day (28.7, 0.88, 31.0) of concentrate compared with those fed 8 kg/day (26.4, 0.78, 29.7). Mean milk fat content (g/kg) was significantly (P<0.01) lower in milk from cows fed 14 kg/day (32.0) of concentrate compared with those fed 8 (35.9) or 11 (34.7) kg/day. There were no significant differences between concentrate feeding levels in milk fat yield or milk somatic cell count. Covariance-corrected liveweight and condition score were significantly (P<0.01) higher for cows fed 14 kg/day of concentrate compared with cows fed at the lower concentrate levels. There were no significant interactions between concentrate level and dietary additive for all milk production parameters. No significant differences were recorded between the different levels of concentrate in the concentration of total rumen volatile fatty acids, or in blood plasma concentrations of glucose and L-lactate. The rumen molar proportions of acetate and butyrate were significantly (P<0.01) lower, and propionate and valerate significantly (P<0.01) higher at the higher levels of concentrate offered. The molar ratio of acetate plus butyrate to propionate was significantly (P<0.01) higher in cows fed 8 kg/day of concentrate compared with cows fed 11 and 14 kg/day. It was concluded that the inclusion of virginiamycin, or virginiamycin together with sodium bicarbonate, in high grain rations cannot be recommended for improving milk production in grazing dairy cows already adapted to high levels of barley and lupin grain.

Differentiation of the effects of protein status and acid-base balance on the appetite of sheep for lucerne silage

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Phillip ◽  
M. V. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYFive cross-bred Suffolk lambs (liveweight 24–29 kg) were fed lucerne silage and made acidotic or offered supplemental protein with the objective of determining the effects of acidosis and amino acid undersupply on food intake from silage. In this study, at McGill University, Quebec, Canada in January 1989, lucerne silage (25% DM) was supplemented with equimolar amounts (450 mmol/kg DM) of ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate; fishmeal was added at 100 g/kg silage DM. The lambs were fedad libitumaccording to a 5 × 5 Latin square with 21-day periods.Digestibility of organic matter (OM) from silage ranged from 78 to 82% and was not significantly affected by diet (P> 0·05). Voluntary intake of digestible organic matter (DOM) from silage was. Fishmeal supplementation of lucerne silage improved nitrogen retention (P> 0·05) but not intake of DOM. The addition of ammonium chloride to silage reduced blood concentration (p< 0·05) and urinary output of HCO3, increased ammonia excretion in urine (P< 0·05), and depressed intake of DOM (P< 0·05). Ammonium bicarbonate also reduced voluntary intake of DOM (P< 0·05) but had no significant effect (P> 0·05) on the acid-base status of the lambs. Sodium bicarbonate depressed food intake but had no significant effect on measures of acid-base balance.The results suggest that metabolic acidosis is not an underlying mechanism restricting food intake by sheep and that neither acid-base imbalance nor inadequate protein status is likely to explain the limitation in food intake from ensiled lucerne.

Impact of hydrogen ion on fasting ketogenesis: feedback regulation of acid production

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (3) ◽  
pp. F238-F245 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Hood ◽  
E. Danforth ◽  
E. S. Horton ◽  
R. L. Tannen
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Ion Production ◽  
Base Balance

To determine whether acid-base balance regulates hydrogen ion production, seven obese volunteers were given NaHCO3 and NH4Cl (2 mmol.kg-1.day-1) during two separate 7-day fasts. On days 5-7 plasma bicarbonate was lower in the NH4Cl fasts (14.0 +/- 1.4 mM) than in the NaHCO3 fasts (18.3 +/- 1.1 mM), while urine pH and net acid excretion did not differ. Acid production (acid excretion minus intake) was greater by 204 mmol/day in the NaHCO3 fasts (274 +/- 16 mmol/day) than in the NH4Cl fasts (70 +/- 19 mmol/day). Ketoacid excretion, which reflected net ketoacid production, paralleled acid production, decreasing from 213 +/- 24 mmol/day in the NaHCO3 fasts to 67 +/- 18 mmol/day in the NH4Cl fasts. Thus, during starvation, alterations in hydrogen ion intake and the associated changes in acid-base balance modify the net production of endogenous acid by influencing the synthesis or utilization of ketoacids. Although the specific site of this metabolic regulation is undefined, these results indicate that systemic acid-base status can exert feedback control over hydrogen ion production.

Role of organic anions in renal response to dietary acid and base loads

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. F170-F176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Brown ◽  
R. K. Packer ◽  
M. A. Knepper
Keyword(s):  
Organic Anion ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Renal Response ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Net Acid Excretion

Bicarbonate is formed when organic anions are oxidized systemically. Therefore, changes in organic anion excretion can affect systemic acid-base balance. To assess the role of organic anions in urinary acid-base excretion, we measured urinary excretion in control rats, NaHCO3-loaded rats, and NH4Cl-loaded rats. Total organic anions were measured by the titration method of Van Slyke. As expected, NaHCO3 loading increased urine pH and decreased net acid excretion (NH4+ + titratable acid - HCO3-), whereas NH4Cl loading had the opposite effect. Organic anion excretion was increased in response to NaHCO3 loading and decreased in response to NH4Cl loading. We quantified the overall effect of organic ion plus inorganic buffer ion excretion on acid-base balance. The amounts of organic anions excreted by all animals in this study were greater than the amounts of NH4+, HCO3-, or titratable acidity excreted. In addition, in response to acid and alkali loading, changes in urinary organic anion excretion were 40-50% as large as changes in net acid excretion. We conclude that, in rats, regulation of organic anion excretion can contribute importantly to the overall renal response to acid-base disturbances.

scholarly journals Effect of Simulated Matches on Post-Exercise Biochemical Parameters in Women’s Indoor and Beach Handball

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5046
Author(s):  
Joanna Kamińska ◽  
Tomasz Podgórski ◽  
Jakub Kryściak ◽  
Maciej Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Base Balance

This study assesses the status of hydration and the acid-base balance in female handball players in the Polish Second League before and after simulated matches in both indoor (hall) and beach (outdoor) conditions. The values of biochemical indicators useful for describing water-electrolyte management, such as osmolality, hematocrit, aldosterone, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and magnesium, were determined in the players’ fingertip capillary blood. Furthermore, the blood parameters of the acid-base balance were analysed, including pH, standard base excess, lactate and bicarbonate ion concentration. Additionally, the pH and specific gravity of the players’ urine were determined. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. It was found that both indoor and beach simulated matches caused post-exercise changes in the biochemical profiles of the players’ blood and urine in terms of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. Interestingly, the location of a simulated match (indoors vs. beach) had a statistically significant effect on only two of the parameters measured post-exercise: concentration of calcium ions (lower indoors) and urine pH (lower on the beach). A single simulated game, regardless of its location, directly affected the acid-base balance and, to a smaller extent, the water-electrolyte balance, depending mostly on the time spent physically active during the match.

Decrease in ureagenesis by partial hepatectomy does not influence acid-base balance

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. F696-F699
Author(s):  
T. Almdal ◽  
H. Vilstrup ◽  
K. Bjerrum ◽  
L. O. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Infusion

It has been suggested that urea synthesis participates directly in body pH homeostasis by removal of bicarbonate. To elucidate this hypothesis sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride was infused (11.5 mumol/min) for 90 min into control rats and into rats that had undergone an 85% hepatectomy immediately before starting the infusion. Urea synthesis rate was 2.6 +/- 0.3 mumol/min (mean +/- SE) in controls, and was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced to 1.0 +/- 0.2 mumol/min in partially hepatectomized rats. At the start of bicarbonate infusion, pH was 7.38 and 7.34 in control and partially hepatectomized rats, respectively, and at the end of infusion, pH was 7.56 and 7.51. Standard bicarbonate at start of bicarbonate infusion was 21.9 and 21.3 mM in controls and partially hepatectomized, respectively, and it increased to 32.7 and 29.9 mM at end of infusion. In saline-infused rats a slight decrease of approximately 0.05 pH units was observed during the experiment, but again no difference emerged between control and partially hepatectomized rats. It is concluded that a major role of the liver in the regulation of acid-base balance is unlikely.

scholarly journals Urine pH is an indicator of dietary acid–base load, fruit and vegetables and meat intakes: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk population study

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa A. Welch ◽  
Angela Mulligan ◽  
Sheila A. Bingham ◽  
Kay-tee Khaw
Keyword(s):  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Alkaline Urine ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Evidence exists that a more acidic diet is detrimental to bone health. Although more precise methods exist for measurement of acid–base balance, urine pH reflects acid–base balance and is readily measurable but has not been related to habitual dietary intake in general populations. The present study investigated the relationship between urine pH and dietary acid–base load (potential renal acid load; PRAL) and its contributory food groups (fruit and vegetables, meats, cereal and dairy foods). There were 22 034 men and women aged 39–78 years living in Norfolk (UK) with casual urine samples and dietary intakes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk FFQ. A sub-study (n 363) compared pH in casual samples and 24 h urine and intakes from a 7 d diary and the FFQ. A more alkaline diet (low PRAL), high fruit and vegetable intake and lower consumption of meat was significantly associated with a more alkaline urine pH before and after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity and smoking habit and also after excluding for urinary protein, glucose, ketones, diagnosed high blood pressure and diuretic medication. In the sub-study the strongest relationship was found between the 24 h urine and the 7 d diary. In conclusion, a more alkaline diet, higher fruit and vegetable and lower meat intake were related to more alkaline urine with a magnitude similar to intervention studies. As urine pH relates to dietary acid–base load its use to monitor change in consumption of fruit and vegetables, in individuals, warrants further investigation.

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