THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY MONENSIN ON THE LH RESPONSE TO GnRH OR ESTRADIOL AND THE OVULATORY RESPONSE TO PMSG IN GILTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
R. S. KORCHINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Gnrh Infusion ◽  
Surge Height

To test the effects of monensin on endocrine responsiveness, 43 gilts of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were individually fed a 16% crude protein basal diet (CT, n = 22) or the basal diet incorporating 33 mg kg−1 monensin (M, n = 21) for 25 d. Gilt weights and feed intakes were recorded at 7-d intervals for 21 d. Monensin did not significantly affect weight gain or feed intake but feed conversion was improved (P < 0.03). At 21 d, M (n = 6) and CT (n = 7) gilts were fitted with vena caval canulae and infused with 50 μg GnRH. Blood samples were obtained at 10-min intervals from 30 min before to 60 min after GnRH infusion. After a 48-h recovery period, these gilts received an injection of estradiol-17 B (E2) and further blood samples taken at the time of injection, at 24 and 36 h then at 6-h intervals until 78 h. All serum samples were assayed for LH and FSH concentrations. The LH response to GnRH was not affected by monensin, peak values being achieved in both groups 30 min after infusion. Serum FSH was not significantly influenced by GnRH in either group. Following E2 injection, the LH surge height was greater (P < 0.09) in monensin-fed gilts and a treatment by time interaction was evident (P < 0.001). Serum FSH was elevated in both groups but was unaffected by monensin. At 21 d, non-blood sampled gilts received an injection of 750 IU PMSG and were slaughtered 10 d later. An ovarian examination indicated that monensin-fed gilts tended (P < 0.1) to have a lower ovulation rate (13.2 ± 1.0 vs. 17.4 ± 1.9 for M and CT gilts, respectively). These data suggest that the feeding of monensin to gilts alters hypothalamic/pituitary responsiveness to stimulation and may enhance growth performance. Key words: Gilts, monensin, LH, FSH

Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Probiotic on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Nutrient Retention in Broilers Fed with Meat Cum Bone Meal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhuri ◽  
B. Swathi ◽  
P. Radhakrishna ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal

The effect of replacing an antibiotic growth promoter in the diet with a probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient retention was studied in broilers (Vencobb 430) fed with and without meat cum bone meal (MBM). This experiment which lasted for 42 days consisted of six dietary treatments viz., basal diet (BD), basal diet with MBM (MBM), basal diet with antibiotic (AB), basal diet with probiotic (PB), basal diet with MBM and antibiotic (MBM+AB) and basal diet with MBM and probiotic (MBM+PB). Three-hundred, day-old chicks were randomly allotted in the beginning to these six groups. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected at 4th week of age. Overall, highest body weight gain was recorded in birds fed with AB and PB. Inclusion of probiotic in MBM also showed improved body weight gain when compared to MBM group. Highest feed intake and feed conversion ratio was recorded with AB and PB groups. Birds supplemented with MBM+PB showed improved feed intake and feed efficiency when compared to MBM+AB and MBM diet supplemented groups. Higher dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention (P less than 0.05) was observed in birds supplemented with PB or AB in diet without MBM when compared to their control. In MBM supplemented groups addition of PB or AB improved crude protein retention. Birds supplemented with PB or AB with or without MBM showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in thigh yield and a non significant reduction in fat yield when compared to their control groups.

The utilization of maize silage for intensive beef production: I. The effect of level and source of supplementary nitrogen on the utilization of maize silage by cattle of different ages

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Urea Addition

SUMMARYFifty-four British Friesian castrated male calves, initially 3, 6 or 9 months of age (107, 180 and 249 kg initial live weight, respectively), were individually fed for 83 days on maize silage (27·9% dry matter (D.M.), 10·7% crude protein in D.M.), offeredad libitum. Silage was offered either alone or supplemented with cobs of dried lucerne (21% of total D.M. intake). Three levels of urea (0, 1 and 2% of silage D.M.) were added to the silage before feeding.Total D.M. intakes averaged 23·0, 23·4 and 21·6 g/kg live weight (LW) for the 3-, 6- and 9-month-old animals, respectively. Addition of urea increased silage intake by 11% in the 6-month-old group but there was little effect in the 3- and 9-month-old groups. Lucerne supplementation reduced silage D.M. intake from 22·0 to 18·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001) and increased total D.M. intake by 1·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001).Live-weight gain (LWG) of the cattle fed on silage alone increased (P< 0·001) with increasing age of animal. The main effect of urea was to elevate (P< 0·001) LWG from an average of 0·79 (no urea) to 0·94 kg/head/day (2% urea). However, it appeared that most of this effect was confined to the 6-month-old group. The effect of lucerne on LWG decreased with increasing age of animal (P< 0·001). Inclusion of lucerne in the diet significantly reduced the response to urea (P< 0·05).Feed conversion efficiency (LWG/100 Mcal DE intake) decreased (P< 0·01) with increasing age of animal but increased with urea addition from an average of 4·7 (no urea) to 5·3 kg LWG/100 Meal DE intake (2% urea). The response to lucerne supplementation in terms of efficiency was greatest in the 3-month-old group and thereafter declined markedly with increasing age of animal.The results of this experiment indicated that cattle older than 6 months of age (180 kg LW) could achieve a rate of growth of 1·0 kg/head/day on maize silage supplemented solely with urea, but that younger animals required supplementary lucerne to support a high rate of live-weight gain.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus on the Basis of Formulated Feed Supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Jay Narayan Shrestha ◽  
Prabha Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Crude Protein Level

 Best diet of the fish is the sole of production of aquaculture. Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus on the basis of formulated feed supply was carried out from 7th March to 6th May, 2019 in the laboratory of P.G.Campus, Biratnagar in which 130 juveniles (each of 10±0.11 g.) of catfish were cultured in 13 aquaria feeding with treatment diets having crude protein level 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% for treatment and commercial diet for control. There are no significant differences between the water quality parameters and body weight gain (p>0.05) in all treatments. The highest body weight gain (7.31±0.11 g; 65.20%) and SGR (13.051±1.15 g) was observed in fish fed with T C (45% protein level). This value was lowered than value of control(C) i.e. 7.59±0 g; 69.88% and 13.55±0 g respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best (13.28±1.89 g) in T D (50% protein level feed). Its value was larger (7.52±1.11 g) in T C than C (7.15±0 g). Mortality rate was highest in T C and C i.e. 30% and lowest in T A and T B i.e. 23.33%. Weight gain of the fish increased with increasing protein level in diet till crude protein level 45% then it was dropped at the diet with protein level 50%. The best weight gain was observed in 7th week having crude protein level 45%. The diet with protein level 45% is suggested for farmers concerning the fish (Clarias gariepinus) in the aquaculture.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SOURCE AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN ON THE UTILIZATION OF SORGHUM STOVER BY YANKASA RAMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
F. OLALERU ◽  
T. A. ADEGBOLA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The effects of cotton seed cake (CSC) or urea in supplying either 12% or 16% crude protein on sorghum stover utilization by Yankasa rams was studied for twelve weeks, using a 2 x 2 factorially designed experiment. Nutrient intake, digestibility, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored. In vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH,-N) concentrations were also determined. The result of the study indicated that the source and/or level of nitrogen (or crude protein) significantly (P<0.05) affected crude protein intake (CPI), digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) and in vitro NH,-N concentration. Total feed intake, live weight gain (LWG), FCR and DCPI were significantly (P<0.05) affected by source x level interaction. Acid detergent fibre (A DF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intakes, CP, ADF and NDF digestibilities, digestible ADF and NDF intakes, stover intake and in vitro VFA concentration were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by either main effects of CP source and level or their interaction. The rams on the 16% CSC and 12% urea ration gained more weight and had lower FCR than those on the 12% CSC and 16% urea. The 16% CSC ration gave the best result in terms of sorghum stover supplementation. The 12% urea treatment which also had a good result in terms of weight gain and FCR could also be recommended for use.

A note on the utilization of urea by Sudan desert sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
H. M. Hassan ◽  
A. M. S. Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

SUMMARYSixty-four young male Sudan desert lambs were group-fed for 87 days on four diets, all containing approximately 10% crude protein. The four diets contained 0, 1·3, 1·7 and 2·7% urea, respectively.Average daily gains were 0·15, 0·14, 0·14 and 0·13 kg; feed conversion ratios (kg of feed required to produce 1 kg live-weight gain) were 7·26, 8·14, 8·92 and 7·92; dressing percentages were 43·6, 42·1, 44·1 and 42·3.Digestibility trials with lambs fed on diets with 0 or 2·7% urea gave higher digestibility coefficients for crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract for the urea-supplemented lambs. Crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention values were lower for urea-supplemented lambs.

Copper sulphate as a growth stimulant for pigs: effect of composition of diet and level of protein

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Lucas ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Low Protein

Thirty six individually-fed pigs were used in a within-litter comparison of the 6 treatments of a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. The pigs were about 9 weeks old at the start and were slaughtered as their individual weights reached about 200 lb.Three types of basal diet were given with and without a supplement of CuSO4.5H2O included at 0·1% (250 p.p.m. added Cu).The diets were based on (1) barley and fish meal, with 17% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. live-weight and 15·4 % from then on, (2) maize and soya (extracted soya bean meal), with about the same levels of protein and (3) maize and soya, but with only 13·4% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. and 11·9% for pigs of 103 lb. to 200 lb. Daily feed allowances were determined from a fixed scale based on live-weight.Pigs given the high-protein maize-soya diets grew more rapidly, required less feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses than those given the barley-fish meal diets. This was probably because of the higher TDN content of the maize-soya mixture.Pigs given the low-protein maize-soya diets grew less rapidly, required more feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses with smaller ‘eye’ muscles than those receiving the high-protein maize-soya diets, these being the usual effects of an inadequate supply of total protein or of an essential amino acid.CuSO4.5H2O4 added as 0·1% of each of the three types of diet improved growth rate before 103 lb. live-weight but had no consistent effect on feed conversion efficiency. Between 103 lb. and slaughter the copper sulphate did not affect performance on the barley-fish meal or high-protein maize-soya diet, but in the low-protein maize-soya diet it reduced feed conversion efficiency and rate of gain by 5%. Although this interaction was not statistically significant it agrees with an observation made in Florida and warrants further investigation.

Effects of induced, subclinical phosphorus deficiency on feed intake and growth of beef heifers

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. W. Gartner ◽  
G. M. Murphy ◽  
W. A. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Low Phosphorus

SUMMARYHereford heifers were fed a diet (7·0 MJ ME/kg D.M.) containing 0·09 % phosphorus but complete with regard to other nutrient constituents. Only after 19 weeks wore the effects of subclinical aphosphorosis evident in the form of reduction in feed intake, cessation of weight gain, increased feed conversion and decreases in tho concentration of inorganic phosphorus in blood and saliva. Heifers supplemented daily with 12 g phosphorus sustained a weight gain of about 0–2 kg/day over 62 weeks as did other supplemented heifers whose feed intake was restricted to that of tho low phosphorus treatment. The effects of phosphorus supplementation were thus demonstrated without being confounded by concomitant increases in feed intake.Phosphorus supplementation resulted in significantly lowered apparent crude protein digestibility and a slight increaso in cell wall digestibility.

scholarly journals Requirement of young pigs for apparent ileal digestible tryptophan

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
J.B. Schutte ◽  
A.J.M.A. Verstraten ◽  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J. De Jong ◽  
J.T.M. Van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Optimal Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Pig Performance

In 5 growth trials with a total of 420 pigs, tryptophan requirements from 20 to 40 kg liveweight were estimated. L-Tryptophan 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 g/kg was added to a basal diet containing tapioca, barley and maize, with CP 162 g/kg and tryptophan 1.65 g/kg. The control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine plus cystine, threonine, isoleucine, valine and histidine to assure that only tryptophan was limiting pig performance. Diets were freely given as pellets. Total tryptophan was about 2.10 g/kg for optimal weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in a diet containing NE 9.5 MJ/kg, corresponding with apparent ileally digestible tryptophan 1.77 g/kg.

scholarly journals Extruded soybean in pig feeding in the nursery phase:performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fernanda Fonseca Vilela ◽  
Jean Kaique Valentim ◽  
Guilherme Resende de Almeida ◽  
Silvana Lúcia dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Sandra Regina Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of soybean meal by extruded whole soybean in the feeding of pigs in the nursery phase. Thirty-six piglets (Landrace x Large White), with 45 days weighing on average 11.36 kg, distributed in arandomized block design, three treatments, six replicates, two animals per repetition were used. The treatments consisted of: control treatment (T1) basal diet, basal diet with 10% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T2), basal diet with 20% replacement of soybean meal by extruded soybean (T3). The variables analyzed were: average weight, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion. The levels of ureatic activity, ether extract, crude protein, protein solubility and volatile moisture of extruded soybean were verified. No difference was found (P>0.05) between the inclusion levels of extruded soybean in piglet diets in the nursery phase for the variables studied. The processing of extruded whole soybean did not affect its digestibility. Extrudedsoybeans at a level of up to 20% included in piglet feeding during the nursery phase can be a possible substitute for soybean meal, without compromising the performance of the animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementing Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris Rubra) Powder and Its Aqueous Extract on Productive Performance of Growing Geese

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
Saad K.J. Al-waeli ◽  
Majid H.A. Alasadi ◽  
Rabia J. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the influence of supplementing beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) powder and its aqueous extract on the productive performance of growing geese. A total of 180 one-day-old goslings chicks of Chinese white geese were randomly distributed among five treatment groups containing three replicates of 12 birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated as follows: Control diet without supplementation (T1). In the second and third treatments, the beetroot extract was supplemented at 15, and 30 (ml/l) in drinking water; 15, and 30 (g/kg) beetroot powder (T4, T5) in basal diet respectively. Results indicated significant (p≤0.05) improvement in average body weight and weight gain from the 2nd to 12th week and total weight gain in treatment T2 and T4, which achieved the highest values compared to the control. As for feed intake, the T3 in the 6th week, T1 in the 8th week, and T2 in the 10th week were consumed a greater amount of feed compared to the other treatments, while no significant differences appeared in the 2, 4, and 12 weeks of age and in the cumulative period. No significant differences in the feed conversion ratio at age 2, 10, and 12 weeks, while the T5 in the 4th week, T2 in the 6th week, and the T4 in the 8th week, and the cumulative period showed the better feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of beetroot extract at 15, 30 (ml/l) or beetroot powder at 15, 30 (g/kg) improved the productive performance of growing geese.

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