Rumen protection of heat-treated soybean proteins

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Mosimanyana ◽  
D. N. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Exit Temperature ◽  
Forced Air

The effects of processing variables on soybean crude protein (CP) ruminal degradation were investigated. Soybean meal (SBM) was heated in a forced-air oven (90 °C, 1 h) with blood (0, 5, 10 and 20% dry matter) and/or xylose (3 mol mol−1 SBM-blood lysine) in a randomized complete block design. In another experiment, whole soybeans were utilized using the following treatments: raw; roasted (in Gem Co. unit exit temperature 150 °C) and steeped for 0 or 2 h; roasted, flaked (exit temperature 111 °C) and steeped for 0, 1, 2, 3 h or 1 h with 4% xylose and/or 10% blood. Solubility of SBM CP was reduced (P < 0.01) by the addition of xylose, without adverse effects on pepsin-digestible CP and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen. In situ degradation of CP (EDCP), assuming a passage rate of 5% h−1, of SBM was reduced by the addition of blood (P < 0.05) and particularly xylose (P < 0.01). Soybean CP solubility was reduced (P < 0.01) by roasting and flaking (65.6 vs. 17.6% total CP). Not flaking the roasted beans further reduced (P < 0.01) CP solubility (to 10.4%) probably due to less rapid cooling. The EDCP of raw soybeans (87.6%) was reduced by roasting (64.2%), steeping whole (57.6%) or flaked (61.1%) beans. These data support xylose to effectively reduce ruminal degradation of SBM and simple steeping (1 h) with or without flaking to further reduce EDCP of roasted soybeans. Key words: Soybean meal, soybeans, xylose, blood, steeping, protein degradation

scholarly journals Chemical, In Vitro, and In Situ Evaluation of Heat-Treated Soybean Proteins

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2548-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Faldet ◽  
V.L. Voss ◽  
G.A. Broderick ◽  
L.D. Satter
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of incubation sequence on in situ degradation of concentrate feed components in the caecum of ponies

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
J J Hyslop ◽  
G J Stefansdottir ◽  
D Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Fixed Times ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Previous work as shown that incubation sequence has no effect on the degradation profile of feeds in the rumen of cattle and sheep. However, compared to the rumen the equine caecum is small, digesta passage rate through it is fast and total digesta volumes can vary widely. Consequently, this experiment examines the effect of bag incubation sequence on degradation co-efficients in situ in the equine caecum.Four caecally fistulated Welsh cross pony geldings (approx LW 250 kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay (DM: 938, CP: 70; NDF: 728) plus 30 g/h/d of a horse mineral supplement. Duplicate incubation bags (monofilament polyester, 6.5 x 20 cm, 41 um pores, 16 mg/cm2 sample size) containing a commercial horse concentrate (DM: 918, CP:151, NDF: 403) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0,3,5,16,8,24,48) or reverse (48,24,8,16,5,3,0) incubation sequence.

Influence of altering ruminal degradation of soybean meal protein on in situ ruminal fiber disappearance of forages and fibrous byproducts

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 2428-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Hussein ◽  
M. R. Cameron ◽  
G. C. Fahey ◽  
N. R. Merchen ◽  
J. H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

scholarly journals PSXII-8 Effects of fat matrix and particle size of coated methionine on by-pass fraction of dry matter and nitrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
Leandro Royo ◽  
Mónica Puyalto ◽  
Trinidad De Evan ◽  
Juan José Mallo ◽  
Maria Dolores Carro
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the By-Pass fraction (BPF) of the dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) of coated methionine with different fat matrix (FM) and particle size (PS). Two FM (Hydrogenated Stearin, HS, and Hydrogenated Palm Fatty Acid Distillate, HPFAD) and four PS (&lt; 500, 500–750, 750–1400, and &gt;1400 µm) were evaluated in an in situ trial with three rumen-cannulated sheep. Intact samples (1 g) were weighed into nylon bags and incubated in the rumen for 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h; process repeated twice in each sheep. After extraction from the rumen, the bags were washed with cold water, frozen and lyophilized, before determining N content in the incubation residue. Effective degradability of DM and N was calculated for a rumen passage rate of 0.08/h-1 according to Ørskov and McDonald (1979), and the BPF was calculated as 100 minus the effective degradability. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effect model, with FM, PS and FMxPS interaction as fixed effects and sheep as random; means were compared with LSD test (P ≤ 0.05). HS-coated methionine had higher values of BPF of DM and N (78.2 and 49.6%, respectively; values averaged for all PS; P &lt; 0.001) than HPFAD-coated methionine (64.4 and 17.7%, respectively). There was an interaction between FM and PS (P &lt; 0.001) for BPF of DM and N. Increasing PS of HS-methionine augmented the BPF from 68.9 to 90.3% for DM and from 22.9 to 79.8% for N, whereas the increases for PFAD-methionine were lower (from 66.3 to 66.3% for DM, and from 7.5 to 28.6% for N). It is concluded that the use of HS as FM and the increase of PS are valid strategies to improve methionine protection from ruminal degradation, reaching BPF values of 90.3 and 79.8 % for DM and N, respectively.

scholarly journals Ruminal degradation of Panicum grasses in three post-regrowth ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Spindola Garcez ◽  
Arnaud Azevêdo Alves ◽  
Ernando de Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Claudiane Morais dos Santos ◽  
Daniel Louçana da Costa Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradation of Maasai, Mombasa and Tanzania grasses belonging to the genus Panicum, at 22, 34 and 46 days after regrowth. The contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined. For the evaluation of ruminal degradation, 4 g sample were placed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of a fistulated animal, for 6, 24 and 72 h. The experiment had a completely randomized design for chemical composition analysis and a split-split plot completely randomized design for in situ degradation, with means compared by Tukey test at 5%. There was an increase in the contents of DM (+ 1.69%) and NDF (+ 5.06%) (P <0.05) of the grasses at the highest cutting ages with reduction in the CP fraction. The potential degradation (PD) of DM, NDF and CP decreased with advancing age of grasses, with an increase in colonization time (0.69 h) and NDF degradation rate (1.14%/h). The increase in the post-regrowth age of the Massai, Mombasa, and Tanzania grasses increases the acid detergent fiber content and reduces the crude protein content, with a negative effect on the degradation of DM, PB and NDF. The management of these cultivars is indicated at 22 and 34 days post-regrowth to obtain forage with better nutritional value.

scholarly journals Ruminal degradability of tropical leguminous plants from eastern Amazonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Ermino Braga ◽  
Ermino Braga Filho ◽  
Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Flemingia Macrophylla ◽  
Higher Ed ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The aim of this study was to evaluate ruminal degradation of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of Cratylia argentea, Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merrill, and Stylosanthes guianensis ‘Campo Grande’ (EMBRAPA), aged 55 and 75 days, in sheep with rumen cannulas, using the in-situ technique. A factorial design of 3 leguminous plants × 2 ages × 6 incubation times was used, totaling 36 experimental units. The experimental period included 14 days for adaptation to diet and 5 days for data collection. Cratylia at both ages and Flemingia aged 55 days showed the highest “a” fraction values for DM degradability. Cratylia aged 55 days and Stylosanthes at both ages showed the highest “a” fraction values for CP. The highest “b” fraction value for DM was 51.27% for Stylosanthes aged 55 days. This rate was lower for the other leguminous plants, especially for Flemingia at both ages. The “b” fraction values for NDF are considered low for Flemingia, what may be the result of lower ruminal degradation. The highest “c” fraction degradation rate for DM was observed in all leguminous plants studied aged 75 days. The highest “c” fraction value for CP was 14.84% for Stylosanthes aged 75 days. The highest Kd fraction values for DM, NDF, and CP were found in Flemingia. Cratylia, and Stylosanthes aged 75 days presented higher effective degradability (ED) values for DM at 2 and 5%/hour compared to Flemingia at both ages. Cratylia and Stylosanthes had the highest ED values for NDF, regardless of their passage rates. Stylosanthes presented higher ED values for CP at both ages, regardless of its passage rate. The highest DM, NDF, and CP potential degradability (PD) was obtained for Cratylia and Stylosanthes, at both ages. The leguminous plants Cratylia and Stylosanthes can be recommended for use as a protein bank and supplementation for ruminants, whereas, Flemingia macrophylla should not be used as a protein supplement for ruminants, because it contains high levels of fibrous fractions.

The effect of incubation sequence on in situ degradation of concentrate feed components in the caecum of ponies

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
J J Hyslop ◽  
G J Stefansdottir ◽  
D Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Digesta Passage ◽  
Fixed Times ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Previous work as shown that incubation sequence has no effect on the degradation profile of feeds in the rumen of cattle and sheep. However, compared to the rumen the equine caecum is small, digesta passage rate through it is fast and total digesta volumes can vary widely. Consequently, this experiment examines the effect of bag incubation sequence on degradation co-efficients in situ in the equine caecum.Four caecally fistulated Welsh cross pony geldings (approx LW 250 kg) were offered ad libitum grass hay (DM: 938, CP: 70; NDF: 728) plus 30 g/h/d of a horse mineral supplement. Duplicate incubation bags (monofilament polyester, 6.5 x 20 cm, 41 um pores, 16 mg/cm2 sample size) containing a commercial horse concentrate (DM: 918, CP:151, NDF: 403) were incubated in the caecum for fixed times according to both a forward (0,3,5,16,8,24,48) or reverse (48,24,8,16,5,3,0) incubation sequence.

Influence of ion-milling on the T2 phase in Al-2.5%Li-2.5%Cu alloy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
J. R. Reed ◽  
D. J. Michel ◽  
P. R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aluminum Solid Solution ◽  
In Situ Heating ◽  
The Stability

The Al6Li3Cu (T2) phase, which exhibits five-fold or icosahedral symmetry, forms through solid state precipitation in dilute Al-Li-Cu alloys. Recent studies have reported that the T2 phase transforms either during TEM examination of thin foils or following ion-milling of thin foil specimens. Related studies have shown that T2 phase transforms to a microcrystalline array of the TB phase and a dilute aluminum solid solution during in-situ heating in the TEM. The purpose of this paper is to report results from an investigation of the influence of ion-milling on the stability of the T2 phase in dilute Al-Li-Cu alloy.The 3-mm diameter TEM disc specimens were prepared from a specially melted Al-2.5%Li-2.5%Cu alloy produced by conventional procedures. The TEM specimens were solution heat treated 1 h at 550°C and aged 1000 h at 190°C in air to develop the microstructure. The disc specimens were electropolished to achieve electron transparency using a 20:80 (vol. percent) nitric acid: methanol solution at -60°C.

054 In Situ Degradation Parameters of Three Chronological Maturities of _Tifton 85' Bermudagrass from Cattle Supplemented with Varying Levels of Distillers' Dried Grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 27-27
Author(s):  
W. B. Smith ◽  
J. L. Foster ◽  
K. C. McCuistion ◽  
S. J. Abatti ◽  
M. Lesak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
In Situ Degradation

scholarly journals 170 Energy values and digestibility of amino acids in dried yeast and soybean meal fed to pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Ayodeji S Aderibigbe ◽  
Gary Hayen ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Blocking Factors

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 30 barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.7 ± 1.01 were assigned to 5 diets in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A basal diet was prepared to contain corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5 or 10 g/kg DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the basal diet to estimate the DE and ME in test ingredients by regression analysis. On a dry matter basis, estimated DE and ME in DY were 4,022 and 3,352 kcal/kg, respectively, and those in SBM were 3,876 and 3,601kcal/kg, respectively. There was no difference in estimated DE or ME between DY and SBM. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (initial BW = 20.0 ± 1.31 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to 3 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two diets were prepared to contain DY or SBM as the sole source of nitrogen, and a nitrogen-free diet was prepared to determine the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. The SID of AA, except for Gly and Pro, in SBM were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in DY. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.7% for Thr to 86.1% for Arg, whereas those in SBM ranged from 84.8% for Thr to 92.3% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values in DY was comparable with SBM, but the SID of most AA in DY were less than in SBM.

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