Effect of feeding fermented, ammoniated, condensed whey permeate on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and acid-base balance in sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boukila ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
J. F. Bernier ◽  
J. Goulet ◽  
H. V. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Base Balance

Nine DLS rumen-cannulated wethers (69 kg avg BW) were used to study the effects of dietary supplementation with two types of fermented, ammoniated, condensed whey permeate on performance, rumen physiology and acid-base status in sheep fed high-grain diets. Sheep were fed three isonitrogenous (16% CP) diets according to a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design, with three 21-d periods each. One whey permeate contained ammonium lactate (AL) while the other contained ammonium propionate (AP). Urea was used as a source of NPN in the control diet (C). Diets, offered ad libitum, contained 78% barley and 18% dehydrated alfalfa meal. Dry matter and digestible energy intakes were about 15% higher for diets AL and AP than for diet C (P < 0.05). Dry matter digestibility was not affected by the treatments, whereas organic matter and energy digestibilities tended to be higher for diet AP than for diet AL (P < 0.07). Rumen fermentation was not affected by the treatments. Over a 4-h post-feeding period, sheep fed diet C had higher plasma concentrations of lactate (P < 0.06) and acetate (P < 0.04) but lower levels of plasma propionate (P < 0.06) than sheep fed the AL and AP diets. Plasma propionate 2 h after feeding was higher in sheep fed the AL diet versus the AP diet (P < 0.01). Sheep blood was mildly alkalotic despite the fact that sheep were fed a high-grain diet. The two types of fermented, ammoniated and condensed whey permeate were found to be good sources of NPN. Key words: Whey, rumen fermentation, acid-base balance, sheep

Effects of dietary hydroxides on intake, digestion, rumen fermentation and acid-base balance in sheep fed a high-barley diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boukila ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
J. F. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Acid Base Status

Eight mature wethers fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square feeding trial to study the effect of dietary alkalis on digestive physiology of sheep fed a high-barley diet. The treatments were: C = control diet composed of 17% alfalfa meal and 83% concentrate, on as-fed basis; CA = control plus 1% Ca(OH)2; MG = control plus 0.79% Mg(OH)2; CAMG = control plus 0.5% Ca(OH)2 and 0.39% Mg(OH)2. Dry matter intake averaged 1.91, 2.54, 2.79, and 2.72% of BW for diets C, CA, MG and CAMG, respectively (P < 0.01). Digestible DM intake was also affected by the treatments and averaged 0.97, 1.26, 1.35 and 1.37 kg d−1 for C, CA, MG, and CAMG diets, respectively (P < 0.01). Apparent DM digestibility was higher in sheep fed the C diet than in those fed the other diets (P < 0.03) and it was inversely related to intake (P < 0.01). Total VFA concentration was lower in sheep fed C than in those fed the hydroxides (P < 0.01). Proportions of individual VFA were not altered by the diet except for isobutyrate which was higher in sheep fed the C diet (P < 0.01). Rumen NH3-N concentration was lower in sheep fed the hydroxide-containing diets than in animals fed the control diet (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen was lower for the C diet (P < 0.01). Plasma glucose tended to be lower for the C diet than for the other diets (P < 0.06). The control diet induced a mild form of systemic acidosis as indicated by the decrease in blood pH, HCO3− and base excess (P < 0.01). Addition of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 to the diet, alone or in combination, improved the systemic acid-base status of sheep and was associated with increased DM intake. Key words: Hydroxides, acid-base balance, rumen fermentation, sheep

scholarly journals Different sources of sulfur in diets of adult cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóris Pereira Halfen ◽  
Alexandre de Mello Kessler ◽  
Luciano Trevizan ◽  
Juliana Toloi Jeremias ◽  
Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Urinary Parameters ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACT: Urolithiasis is a common disorder in the veterinary clinic and is considered as one of the most frequently cause of morbidity. This disorder is closely associated with urinary pH and nutrition plays a key role in the control of this disease, because through dietary manipulation it is possible to modify the urinary pH. Sulfur is considered macroelement with a strong influence on the acid-base status and may be crucial to control urinary pH in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of addition of different sources of sulfur (S) in the diet of cats on the urinary parameters and acid-base balance. Forty-two healthy adult cats were divided into 3 groups, and each group of 14 cats received 7 diets in a complete randomized block design. Calcium sulfate (CaSO4), DL-methionine (DLM) and methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) were added to a control diet in two levels (1.28g S/kg and 2.56g S/kg) to formulate 6 other experimental diets. The acid-base balance was evaluated by hemogasometry in samples of venous blood. The DLM at the highest level and MHA differed of the control diet in relation to urinary pH (P<0.05). Calcium sulfate; although, not differentiated from the control diet, has been shown to alter urinary pH despite its zero electrolyte balance. Apparently, the alkalizing effect of calcium was not sufficient to avoid sulfate acidification of the urine. Treatments showed no alteration of the acid-base balance of the animals and no affect the consumption of the diets.

Acid-base disorders in calves with chronic diarrhea

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bednarski ◽  
R. Kupczyński ◽  
P. Sobiech
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Anion Gap ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Classic Model ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Balance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze disorders of acid-base balance in calves with chronic diarrhea caused by mixed, viral, bacterial andCryptosporydium parvuminfection. We compared results obtained with the classic model (Henderson-Hasselbalch) and strong ion approach (the Steward model). The study included 36 calves aged between 14 and 21 days. The calves were allocated to three groups: I – (control) non-diarrheic calves, group II – animals with compensated acid-base imbalance and group III calves with compensated acid-base disorders and hypoalbuminemia. Plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl−, Cl2+, Mg2+, P, albumin and lactate were measured. In the classic model, acid-base balance was determined on the basis of blood pH, pCO2, HCO3−, BE and anion gap. In the strong ion model, strong ion difference (SID), effective strong anion difference, total plasma concentration of nonvolatile buffers (ATot) and strong ion gap (SIG) were measured.The control calves and the animals from groups II and III did not differ significantly in terms of their blood pH. The plasma concentration of HCO3−, BE and partial pressure of CO2 in animals from the two groups with chronic diarrhea were significantly higher than those found in the controls. The highest BE (6.03 mmol/l) was documented in calves from group II. The animals from this group presented compensation resulted from activation of metabolic mechanisms. The calves with hypoalbuminemia (group III) showed lower plasma concentrations of albumin (15.37 g/L), Cl−(74.94 mmol/L), Mg2+(0.53 mmol/L), P (1.41 mmol/L) and higher value of anion gap (39.03 mmol/L). This group III presented significantly higher SID3(71.89 mmol/L), SID7(72.92 mmol/L) and SIG (43.53 mmol/L) values than animals from the remaining groups (P<0.01), whereas ATot(6.82 mmol/L) were significantly lower. The main finding of the correlation study was the excellent relationship between the AGcorrand SID3, SID7, SIG. In conclusion, chronic diarrhea leads to numerous water-electrolyte disorders. Characterization of acid-base disturbance in these cases suggests that classic model have some limitations. This model can not be recommended for use whenever serum albumin or phosphate concentrations are markedly abnormal.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PROTEIN SOLUBILITY IN BICARBONATE-INDUCED CHANGES IN NITROGEN UTILIZATION AND ACID-BASE BALANCE IN LAMBS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
M. V. ROGERS ◽  
L. E. PHILLIP
Keyword(s):  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Protein Diets

Six crossbred wether lambs were fed six isonitrogenous (15% protein) diets according to a 6 × 4 incomplete latin square with four 24-d periods. The diets were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial and contained high moisture ear corn (HMEC), supplemented with either brewer's dried grains (BDG) or linseed meal (LSM), containing 18% and 46% soluble protein, respectively. To each of these diets, sodium (Na) was either not added or added as NaHCO3 (4% of DM) or NaCl (2.8% of DM). Voluntary intake of organic matter (OM) was significantly (P < 0.05) increased with both NaHCO3 and NaCl supplementation but the response was greater with NaHCO3 than with NaCl. Nitrogen retention tended to be reduced with NaHCO3 supplementation; the reduction was greater with the BDG diet than with the LSM diet. Compared to NaHCO3, NaCl caused a smaller reduction in nitrogen (N) retention when added to the BDG supplemented diet but improved N retention when added to the LSM diet. Blood bicarbonate and base excess (BE) values increased (P < 0.01) with NaHCO3 addition, but the increment in blood bicarbonate and BE tended to be higher with the BDG than the LSM diet. It is concluded that NaHCO3 could impair nitrogen retention by elevating blood bicarbonate in ruminants not suffering acid stress. Key words: Bicarbonate, nitrogen balance, protein solubility, acid-base balance, lambs

The impact of dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on the acid-base balance and calcium metabolism of non-lactating, non-pregnant dairy cows fed equal amounts of different anionic salts

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Christian Gelfert ◽  
S Leonie Loeffler ◽  
Sven Frömer ◽  
Maike Engel ◽  
Helmut Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Serum And Urine

We evaluated the impact of the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on the influence of anionic salts (AS) on the metabolism of dairy cows using a study-design that included control of feed intake. Ten mature, non-lactating, non-pregnant, Holstein-Friesian-crossbreed cows received 2000 mEq of either one of the seven anionic salts tested, two combinations of the anionic salts or water as control via a rumen cannula. Salts and controls were assigned in a 10×10 Latin square design. Whole blood, serum and urine samples were taken during treatment (TP) and washout period. Samples of whole blood were tested for pH, base-excess and bicarbonate concentrations. In urine, pH and net acid-base excretion (NABE) were analysed. Calcium was measured in serum and urine. According to the different batches of hay, five groups of DCAD were created regarding cluster analysis. Changes in urine and blood parameters were statistically analysed for each DCAD group separately. The different DCAD had an impact on the amount of change in acid-base balance (ABB) and calcium metabolism and for how long these changes lasted. In the DCAD group receiving the highest amount of AS (239 mEq/kg dry matter with AS), changes of ABB were only noticeable in urine and these changes only differed from day zero in the first week of TP (P<0·05). In the other four groups changes of ABB were also visible in blood parameters, but only on a few days of TP did the deviations differ significantly (P<0·05) from day zero. Changes of ABB parameters in urine samples were more pronounced than those in blood and differed clearly from day zero (P<0·05). Parallel to the changes of ABB, calcium concentrations in these samples were significantly increased (P<0·001) in all DCAD groups. Except for the highest DCAD group, ionized calcium concentrations changed over time (P<0·020). However, the differences were very small and only differed from day zero on a few TP days. We conclude that the DCAD of a dairy cow's diet has an important impact on the effect of AS on ABB and calcium metabolism with respect to the duration and amount of change. The target regions of DCAD should be clearly below 100 mEq/kg dry matter to ensure the desired effect on ABB and calcium metabolism. Extremely negative DCAD should be avoided to minimize the risk of clinical acidosis induced by AS.

Effects of infusing the rumen with acetic acid and nitrogenous constituents in maize silage extracts on food intake, ruminal osmolality and blood acid–base balance in sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Phillip ◽  
J. G. Buchanan-Smith ◽  
W. L. Grovum
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Cumulative Food Intake

SUMMARYFour experiments were conducted to determine whether the products of fermentation in maize silage could limit food intake by lambs. In all experiments the lambs were fed ad libitum adietoi dried and pelleted lucerne, but were deprived of food for 4 h on the morning of intraruminal infusion. The infusions were made according to latin-square designs and commenced after 1 h of food deprivation. In Expt 1, the infusion of 3·5 I acetic acid solutions to provide 15, 30 and 60 g acetic acid had no effect (P > 0·05) on cumulative food intake compared with water. In Expt 2 infusion of three maize silage extracts differing in their composition of nitrogenous constituents suppressed (P < 0·05) food intake relative to acetic acid alone, but there were no significant (P < 0·05) differences among the extracts. When 2·71 of an extract from a low dry matter (D.M.) maize silage were infused in Expt 3 cumulative food intake was significantly (P > 0·05) decreased compared with acetic acid, but ruminal osmolality was increased to 430 mosmol/kg and ruminal pH declined to less than 5·5. In Expt 4, 1·5 1 of the low D.M. maize silage extract, an amount actually consumed by lambs during 4 h, decreased voluntary intake by 25% compared with the control but the effect was not statistically significant. Estimates of ruminal osmolality and pH ranged between 250 and 360 mosmol/kg and between 68 and 6·2 respectively. Measures of acid-base status were not affected (P < 0·05) by the infusion of acetic acid or maize silage extract. Whether specific soluble constituents of maize silage fermentation could limit food intake by ruminants was not proven.

scholarly journals Effects of Capsicum and Propyl-Propane Thiosulfonate on Rumen Fermentation, Digestion, and Milk Production and Composition in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Andreas Foskolos ◽  
Alfred Ferret ◽  
Adriana Siurana ◽  
Lorena Castillejos ◽  
Sergio Calsamiglia
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

Essential oils may affect rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, and milk production and composition. The objective of this study was to test the effects of capsicum oleoresin (CAP) and propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) on rumen fermentation, total tract digestibility, and milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cattle. Six lactating Holstein cows (averaging (mean ± SD) 130 ± 40 days in milk and 723 ± 55 kg of body weight) fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments were: a control diet (CTR), the CTR diet with the addition of 500 mg/d/cow of CAP, and the CTR diet with the addition of 250 mg/d/cow of PTSO. Dry matter intake (DMI) averaged 20.7 kg/d with a tendency towards higher intake in cows fed CAP and lower in those fed PTSO (p = 0.08). Milk yield averaged 31.8 kg/d with no difference among treatments. However, feed efficiency was higher in PTSO supplemented cows compared with CTR (1.65 and 1.41 kg of milk yield/kg of DMI, respectively; p < 0.01). At the doses used in this experiment, CAP and PTSO failed to demonstrate any effects on rumen fermentation, but PTSO increased the efficiency of feed utilization to produce milk.

scholarly journals Effect of Intensive Fattening of Bulls Fed a High-grain Diet on Selected Health Indicators

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Štercová ◽  
D. Haas ◽  
A. Krása ◽  
R. Lepková ◽  
J. Šterc
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intensive fattening of bulls with a high-grain diet on selected health parameters. Metabolic indicators under study were compared with those in bulls receiving a traditional diet based on maize silage. The trial included 18 Czech pied bulls that were fed a diet containing from 75.0% to 83.6% concentrate on dry matter basis. As a control, 18 Czech pied bulls were used, given total mixed ration based on maize silage. The experiment was started after weaning when the treated group averaged 114 days of age and the control group 115 days of age. Bulls were slaughtered at an average age of 473 days in the treated group and 474 days in the control group. The experiment lasted 359 days. In the fattening period, blood and rumen fluid samples were withdrawn to evaluate rumen fermentation, acid-base balance and selected biochemical indicators. After the slaughter, samples of tuber coxae cancellous tissue were collected for the bone metabolism assessment. Among indicators under study, the rumen fermentation ones were the most affected by feeding the high-grain diet. Bulls fed the high-grain diet showed (P < 0.05) lower rumen fluid pH and a higher total titration activity, a higher (P < 0.01) total level of VFA and propionate proportion, and a lower (P < 0.01) acetate proportion than the control bulls. Counts of infusoria were also lower (P < 0.01). Acid-base balance was not significantly influenced by feeding the high-grain diet. The high-grain diet fed bulls showed increased serum levels of AST and phosphorus, but the differences from the control group were non-significant in most cases. In 1 g bone ash of the samples of tuber coxae cancellous tissue in the treated group calcium content was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the control group; no significant differences were observed between other indicators under investigation.

Effect of dietary monensin and tetronasin on rumen fermentation in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
R. J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutritional Effects

Tetronasin is an ionophore which improves feed conversion efficiency in ruminants (Bartleet al, 1988). Its nutritional effects are at least partly derived from its influence on nitrogen and energy metabolism in the rumen. The mode of action of tetronasin is therefore similar to monensin and although it is more potent than monensin, it has a similar spectrum of antimicrobial activity (Newboldet al, 1988). The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the inclusion of tetronasin or monensin in the diet on the rumen fermentation.Three mature sheep weighing approximately 50 kg and fitted with rumen cannulae were fed 1 kg/d of a mixed diet of hay, barley, molasses, fishmeal and vitamins/minerals (500, 299.5, 100, 91 and 9.5 g/kg dry matter respectively) in two equal meals. A control diet (no addition, C), tetronasin (10 ppm in the diet, T) or monensin (33 ppm, M) were compared in a 3 x 3 Latin square. Periods were 28 days long with samples taken on two consecutive days during the last 5 days. Samples of rumen fluid were withdrawn at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the morning feed for the determination of pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) L-lactic acid and ammonia concentrations.

Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0206-0217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽  
Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽  
Mohsen Karamati ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document