CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF NATIVE FORAGE PLANTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA IN RELATION TO GRAZING PRACTICES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair McLean ◽  
E. W. Tisdale
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Winter Supplementation

The percentages of crude protein and phosphorus decreased markedly and that of crude fibre increased in all classes of common forage in the southern interior of British Columbia from spring to fall on both grassland and forest ranges. No consistent trend was observed in percentage of total ash or calcium except that calcium increased markedly in weathered forbs both in the grasslands and in the forest. The grasses had a higher percentage of crude fibre than forbs or current shrub growth. The percentages of crude protein, crude fibre and phosphorus in a sedge meadow at a high elevation were all rather low during the grazing period; those of crude protein and phosphorus dropped sharply in mid-September. The chemical analyses indicated that the nutritive level of the range forage is generally satisfactory for livestock production although some winter supplementation, especially of phosphorus, may be necessary under certain conditions.

ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS (ELYMUS ANGUSTUS) AND ALFALFA AS RATION COMPONENTS FOR LAMBS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KNIPFEL ◽  
D. H. HEINRICHS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Fecal Collection ◽  
Fibre Fraction

Diets containing Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.), or mixtures of these two forage crops were fed to 30-kg growing lambs in digestion stalls, with digestibilities of organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD), crude fibre (CFD) and energy (ED) determined following two total fecal collection periods of 8 days each. The same ratios of Altai wild rye:alfalfa were then fed in diets containing 20% barley. The protein content and the digestibility of protein was much higher in alfalfa than in Altai wild ryegrass, while the crude fibre fraction of Altai wild ryegrass was more digestible than that of alfalfa. Addition of 20% barley increased DCP and reduced DCF contents of the diets. Mixtures of the forage crops alone or with barley supplied DCP requirements of the growing lamb. DE contents of the two forage crops were similar and deficient for optimum performance of the growing lamb, although inclusion of 20% barley appeared to correct this deficiency according to chemical composition of the diets. Intakes of all diets fed were insufficient to allow optimum lamb performance, even though chemical analyses suggested that diets containing barley were adequate in DE content.

scholarly journals Quality Evaluation of Cookies from Malted Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Sprouted Soybean (Glycine max) and Carrot (Daucus carota) Flour Blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Dinnah Ahure ◽  
Pius Oteikwu Ejoha
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Spread Ratio ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Composite Flours ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
General Acceptability

Quality and acceptability of cookies produced from malted sorghum, wheat, and blends of malted sorghum, sprouted soybean and carrot flours were evaluated. Malted sorghum flour was enriched with sprouted soybean and carrot to produce cookies with varying amount of sproted sorghum and carrot (100:0:0, 80:10:10, 70:20:10, 60:30:10 and 50:40:10). The chemical, physical and sensory attributes of cookies were evaluated with results showing significant (p<0.05) differences. Results of chemical compositions of Composite flours and composite cookies showed similar trends. The ranges of cookies contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, energy spread ratio and general acceptability include 5.25–6.79%, 9.88–17.46%, 12.04–18.99%, 0.81–4.67%, 1.34–3.78%, 51.25–68.62%, 422.4–459.19 Kcal, 6.53–7.79 and 7.11–7.98. Generally, all nutrients analysed increased with increased substitution of sprouted soybean and carrot flours into mated sorghum flour except moisture and carbohydrates. The results revealed that inclusion of 40% sprouted soybean and 10% carrot into malted sorghum served a complementary purpose in increasing cookies spread ratio and most of the nutrients analysed. Whereas, sensory scores of cookies with 10% sprouted soybean and 10% carrot inclusion compared favourably with the control.

Naked oats in the diets of young pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
O D Davies
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

The Welsh Plant Breeding Station at Aberystwyth has bred varieties of oats which do not retain their husk (Lemma and Palea) when threshed. These “naked” oats (Avenu nuda) are of a relatively high nutritional value, and at Trawsgoed EHF a spring sown variety, Rhiannon, has been used to evaluate their suitability as an alternative to expensive cereal products, such as oat flakes, presently used in piglet rations. Chemical analyses showed Rhiannon to contain in each kg 15.5 MJ of digestibile energy, 132 g of crude protein, 5.5 g of lysine and 8.2 g of lipid. Crude fibre content was low as expected (21 g/kg).

Proximal and Functional Properties of Edible Ripened Split Beans of Coastal Wild Legume Canavalia maritima

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Prabhavathi Supriya ◽  
Kandikere R. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Rich

Background: Utilization of wild legumes has received prime importance in the recent past to compensate the scarcity of protein-rich foods as well as to tackle the protein energy malnutrition. Ripened split beans of Canavalia maritima devoid of seed coat and testa serve as traditional nutraceutical source for the coastal dwellers of Southwest India. Objective: The present study projects proximal and functional attributes of uncooked and cooked ripened split beans of C. maritima to be used in the preparation of functional foods. Methods: Proximal properties (moisture, crude protein, total lipids, crude fibre, carbohydrates and calorific value) and functional properties (protein solubility, gelation capacity, water-absorption, oilabsorption, emulsion qualities and foam qualities) of split beans were evaluated by standard methods. Results: Cooking did not significantly changed the crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrates and calorific value, while it significantly increased the crude fibre. The protein solubility, water-absorption capacity, foam capacity and foam stability were significantly higher in uncooked than cooked beans. The cooked beans were superior to uncooked beans in least gelation concentration, low oil-absorption capacity, emulsion activity and emulsion stability. Conclusion: The functional properties of split bean flours were influenced by the proximal components like crude protein, total lipids and crude fibre. The energy-rich ripened split beans of C. maritima can serve as a new potential source for production of value added functional foods owing to their rich protein, rich carbohydrates, low-lipid and potential bioactive attributes.

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Temperature Dependent Variations in Proximate Parameters and Mineral Elements of Smoke-Dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) using Traditional and Eco-Friendly Kilns in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
M.M. Ogunbambo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Smoke-drying Clarias gariepinus (catfish) provides animal protein and a source of livelihood in Lagos, Nigeria. Changes occurring to seasonal and mineral compositions of smoke-dried catfish using local Traditional Drum Kiln (TDK) and a newly constructed Eco-Friendly Kiln (EFK) fitted with a flame, drying and electronic components was carried out in this study. The smoke-drying process was carried out in both wet and dry seasons and smoke-dried catfish samples stored at ambient and adjusted refrigerated temperatures of 28 and 4 0C. The smoke-drying procedure was  standardized at 60 - 80 0C and kiln lasted 24 ± 3 hours. Moisture content results showed a significant difference when the catfish samples were smoke-dried using TDK and EFK and stored in ambient and controlled temperatures in both wet and dry seasons while crude protein, lipid, ash and crude fibre values were significantly different when stored only in dry season. Mineral elements phosphorus, sodium, copper, magnesium and iron showed a significant difference when stored at both temperatures and seasons using both kilns. Mineral elements were found to be most stable in smoke-dried catfish samples when stored at controlled temperatures. This work proved that standardizing smoke-drying process using both kilns resulted in good quality smoke-dried catfish but showed that higher biochemical values were obtained when EFK is used. Key words: Nigeria, Smoke-drying Kilns, Seasons, Ambient, Controlled Temperatures

Influence of Fining Temperature on Glass Qualities

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 1906-1911
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Liu ◽  
Jun Lin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Tension Change ◽  
Soda Lime Silica Glass ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Surface Tension Change

To study the influence of fining temperature on glass qualities, different fining temperatures from 1400°C to 1500°C were used to prepare a series soda-lime-silica glass with identical chemical compositions. Infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the water content of glass, general analyzer of melt physical properties was used to study the viscosity and surface tension change of glass melt, microscope was carried out find glass bubbles, wet chemical analyses were used to determine the Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio. The results show that, generally, with the increase of fining temperature, the glass melt’s water content, bubbles number and Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio increase, viscosity decreases. Particularly, when the fining temperature is 1450°C, the glass has lowest water content, bubbles number, Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio, and viscosity, and its surface tension is largest. Among all tested fining temperature, 1450°C is the optimal fining temperature.

Morpho-physiological and nutritional characterization of rice bean (Vigna umbellata)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Katoch
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Rice Bean ◽  
Vigna Umbellata ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Rice bean, a lesser known pulse, has excellent nutritive value. The seed yield of the crop is higher as compared to other pulses of the Vigna family. In the present study thirty diverse rice bean genotypes were evaluated for nutritional and morpho-physiological characteristics for selecting overall superior genotypes. Variations were observed for crude protein (16.1–19.12%), carbohydrates (59.28–76.89%), ascorbic acid (0.19–0.80 mg/100 g), crude fibre (4.23-6.0%), limiting amino acids, namely tryptophan (0.85–2.42 g/16 g N) and methionine (0.52–0.67 g/16 g N), and ether extract (0.57–2.13%). Anti-nutritional factors, such as total phenolics, total tannins, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins and α-amylase inhibitor, also varied to a considerable extent. The cumulative grading of the genotypes based upon nutritional and morpho-physiological attributes revealed that the genotypes JCR-76, IC-137200, IC-140796 and IC-137189 were nutritionally superior genotypes for consumption.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

The chemistry and cell parameters of omphacites and related pyroxenes

1969 ◽  
Vol 37 (285) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Edgar ◽  
A. Mottana ◽  
N. D. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Approximate Estimation

SummaryIn an attempt to correlate the chemical compositions and cell sizes of omphacites and related pyroxenes, the cell dimensions of fifty-five analysed pyroxenes have been determined, or taken from the literature. Twenty-two of the chemical analyses are new, nineteen of them being done by electron microprobe. Approximately two-thirds of the total number of analyses may be considered first class, the remainder are of doubtful or unknown quality. Cell parameters, determined by X-ray powder diffraction methods, have errors of 0·1 % for the majority of samples, although for some samples taken from the literature errors are unknown.The majority of methods of recalculating omphacite analyses into their end-member molecules are unsuitable for correlation of cell constants with chemistry, mainly due to the impossibility of graphical representation of more than three end-member molecules, and to the non-stoichiometry of these molecules. Using a modification of Tröger's (1962) method of recalculating chloromelanite analyses the present analyses have been recalculated into the diopside-jadeite-acmite and diopside-jadeite-hedenbergite molecules and compared with their determined cell parameters. Because of the gradations in all parameters between these end-member molecules, determination of compositions based on the cell parameters (a, b, c, vol, or β) can only be made within wide limits. However, using a method of projection of compositions from the acmite and hedenbergite apices to the diopside-jadeite join the ratios of diopside to jadeite can be determined for most samples to within ±5 mol%. As there are the most important constituents of most omphacites, this method permits an approximate estimation of omphacite compositions. From a knowledge of the cell sizes of the omphacite a rough indication of the conditions of formation of its host rock may also be obtained.

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