RESPONSE OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS (Poa pratensis L.) TO AMOUNT AND FREQUENCY OF NITROGEN APPLICATION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Color Yield ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Color Response ◽  
Annual Application

Ammonium nitrate (34-0-0) at varying rates and frequency of application was applied to established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) between 15 May and 15 Aug. during 1980 and 1981. The area received a single annual application of triple super-phosphate (0-45-0). Color scores were taken weekly, spring and fall, but only monthly during the summer. Oven-dry clipping yields were determined weekly during the growing season and roots were harvested to a depth of 45 cm at the end of the trial. A rate as low as 0.8 kg N∙100 m−2 per season gave satisfactory low maintenance color during summer, but even minimal color response in spring and fall required a rate of at least 1.25 kg N∙100 m−2. Nitrogen amounts greater than 2.5 kg∙100 m−2 per season were considered excessive although color continued to increase up to the 5-kg rate before the effect started to level off. Yield showed essentially the same trend. Split applications did not appreciably affect overall yield, but are recommended to reduce growth surges from the heavier application. Very poor color and growth effects were noted at rates below 0.8 kg N∙100 m−2 per season as was evident in both yield and color. Root growth was inversely affected by nitrogen. Root growth declined markedly as the rates increased from 0.8 kg N to 3.33 kg N∙100 m−2 season then declined at a reduced rate.Key words: Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis, nitrogen, color, yield, roots, minimum maintenance

Chemical Control of Reed Canarygrass on Irrigation Canals

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Ammonium Thiocyanate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Irrigation Project

From 1962 to 1967, we evaluated herbicides for control of natural infestations of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) on canal banks of the Huntley, Montana irrigation project. Two,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole ammonium thiocyanate (hereinafter referred to as amitrole-T) controlled reed canarygrass. These herbicides were compared with a number of others. Spring foliage treatments with a combination of amitrole-T at 2 1b/A and dalapon or trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at 5 or 10 1b/A were more effective than amitrole-T at 4 1b/A. Amitrole-T was more tolerant to fine grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or redtop (Agrostis alba L.) than dalapon and in some situations it was more desirable than dalapon. Dalapon and TCA were more effective as late fall or early winter treatments to control reed canarygrass during the following growing season. Rates of 20 or 40 1b/A controlled the grass for one season even at the water's edge where it is usually more persistent. At 5 to 10 1b/A, 2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol (pyriclor) controlled reed canarygrass, and it also was effective at 2 1b/A with 2 1b/A of amitrole-T.

AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF Poa pratensis AS RELATED TO NITROGEN APPLICATION AND COLOR

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. NELSON ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) plots receiving 2.5, 2.0, 1.7, 1.2, or 0.8 kg N∙100 m−2 each season in three equal amounts on approximately 15 May, 1 July, and 15 Aug. were analyzed for protein and amino acid content, as well as for the proportions of alcohol-soluble and salt-soluble proteins. Aspartic acid content of protein was the only amino acid that showed a positive regression with both the amount of nitrogen applied and turfgrass color, while the proline content of the dormant grass was highly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen applied during the summer. Total protein was highly dependent upon the nitrogen applied throughout the season and may, in part, explain the greener spring and fall color but, more probably, the high levels of salt-soluble protein in spring and fall mediated the spring and fall greening effects observed. At least 1.7 kg N∙100 m−2 season was required to ensure early greening the following spring.Key words: Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis, nitrogen, amino acids, protein fractions, color

scholarly journals Root and Rhizome Growth of Kentucky Bluegrass Following Application of Pendimethalin

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Cooper ◽  
P.C. Bhowmik ◽  
L.A. Spokas
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rhizome Growth

Field experiments were conducted to determine the response of five widely used Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars (Adelphi, Baron, Bensun, Merion, and Touchdown) to preemergence applications of the herbicide pendimethalin. Pendimethalin applied during 2 years at 1.7 or 3.4 kg·ha-1 (a.i.) controlled smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] effectively without injury to turf. Pendimethalin at 3.4 kg·ha-1 resulted in a short-term suppression of root growth immediately following application in the first year of the study. The reduction was transitory and subsequent rooting and rhizome growth were unaffected by pendimethalin. Cultivar × pendimethalin level interactions were not significant during the study. Thus, the herbicide appears to be a safe, effective preemergence material for crabgrass control in Kentucky bluegrass turf. Chemical name used: N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin).

SAND ROOTZONES FOR KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
S. H. NELSON ◽  
G. L. McCLENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perched Water Table

The growth and development of Kentucky bluegrass was studied for 3 yr on eight sand blends consisting of variable particle sizes. All were perched over a coarse layer (6–12 mm diam). No differences in germination, establishment, or color over the 3 yr were observed. Without turf the hydraulic conductivity varied greatly in the sand blends. The high conductivity levels were greatly reduced with the developing turf. There was greater downward water movement in those plots with most of the finer particles removed and this greater percolation continued throughout the experiment as the turf developed. In the compacted plots, however, significant differences in percolation rates had disappeared by the third year. When most of the finer particles had been removed, there was a trend toward less total root production with a redistribution of roots to the middle portions of the profiles. This trend was more evident on the compacted plots. The study demonstrated that developing turf has an ameliorating effect on hydraulic conductivity on these vastly different sand blends and suggests that sands, even though not in the recommended range of particle size, can still offer relief to the compaction, drainage, and root growth problems encountered in Kentucky bluegrass playing fields.Key words: Poa pratensis, perched water table, hydraulic conductivity, root growth, compaction

scholarly journals Composition and Characteristics of Blended Kentucky Bluegrass Stands

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin W. Lickfeldt ◽  
Thomas B. Voigt ◽  
Andrew M. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Percent Germination

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars are often blended to incorporate diverse characteristics. Factors that may contribute to the actual cultivar composition have not been evaluated. Through the use of DNA markers, individual plants in blended stands can be identified. This study evaluated changes in cultivar composition of `Blacksburg', `Midnight', and `Unique' Kentucky bluegrass blends. Characteristics such as seed size, seed moisture content, percent germination, and seedling development did not affect the initial composition of blends at time of seeding. DNA markers were used to demonstrate how the composition of a blended `Blacksburg', `Midnight', and `Unique' turf changed during the first growing season following establishment. The composition of blends did not significantly change from time of seeding in Sept. 1999 to Apr. 2000 or from Apr. 2000 to Oct. 2000. Two of the three blends were significantly different by Oct. 2000 relative to the percentages seeded in Sept. 1999.

Effects of Successive Applications of Preemergence Herbicides on Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Turgeon ◽  
J. B. Beard ◽  
D. P. Martin ◽  
W. F. Meggitt
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Calcium Arsenate ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The effects of seven preemergence herbicides on turfgrass quality, clipping yield, root growth, thatch accumulation, and carbohydrate reserves of three turfgrasses were measured. Nearly all herbicides caused some effect on one or more of the turfgrasses at some point during the 8-yr experiment, especially during mid-summer stress periods. The most consistently injurious herbicide was bandane (polychlorodicyclopentadiene) which caused a marked reduction in turfgrass quality, poor rooting, and increased susceptibility to stripe smut (Ustilago striiformis West. Niesel.). Clipping yields were reduced only in red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ‘Pennlawn’) by bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(20mercaptoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide], siduron [1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea], and terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate). Except for bandane, only siduron and terbutol caused significant reductions in root growth, and only in ‘Kenblue’-type Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Thatch accumulation was reduced in ‘Merion’ Kentucky bluegrass treated with benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) in ‘Kenblue’-type Kentucky bluegrass treated with bandane, benefin, bensulide, and terbutol; and in ‘Pennlawn’ red fescue treated with bandane, calcium arsenate, and terbutol. Carbohydrate reserves were not significantly different among treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Biosolids on Root Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism in Kentucky Bluegrass under Drought Stress

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Chang ◽  
Laiqiang Zhuo ◽  
Fangfang Yu ◽  
Xunzhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Available N ◽  
Container Capacity

Biosolids are valued as a source of plant nutrients, soil organic matter, and biologically active substances. This greenhouse study was designed to examine if application of biosolids can improve plant drought tolerance by affecting nitrogen (N) and hormone metabolism as well as root growth in kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.; KBG). The three treatments, which provided N rates equivalent to 75 mg plant-available N/kg soil, included: 1) biosolids at 1× agronomic (Ag) N rate (75 mg N/kg soil completely provided with biosolids); 2) biosolids at 0.5× Ag N rate (37.5 mg N/kg soil provided with biosolids and 37.5 mg N/kg soil provided with NH4NO3); and 3) control (75 mg N/kg soil completely provided with NH4NO3). The treated KBG was grown under either well-watered (90% container capacity) or drought stress (≈25% container capacity) conditions. Biosolids application improved turf quality and delayed leaf wilting under drought stress. The grass treated with biosolids at 1× N rate had higher leaf proline and amino acid content and greater nitrate reductase activity than the control under drought stress. Biosolids treatments also increased leaf and soil indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. Moreover, biosolids at 1× N rate increased root length density by 23% compared with the control under drought stress. The results of this study suggest that biosolids may enhance plant drought tolerance by improving N and hormone metabolism and root growth in KBG.

Control of Horsenettle (Solarium carolinense) Fleshy Roots in Pastures

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Gorrell ◽  
S. Wayne Bingham ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Solanum Carolinense ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Annual Application

The effectiveness of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), and triclopyr [(3,5-6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid and mixtures of these herbicides with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] for the control of horsenettle (Solanum carolinenseL.) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) pastures was evaluated at three different field sites in Southwest Virginia over a period of 3 yr. Picloram applied at 0.6 and 1.1 kg/ha significantly reduced horsenettle roots, as indicated by a 98% reduction in shoots 1 yr after the first annual application. No shoots emerged within 18 months after three annual picloram applications. There was no significant difference between picloram applied alone and in a mixture with 1.1 kg/ha of 2,4-D. Three annual applications of triclopyr at 3.4 kg/ha reduced horsenettle shoots from 82% to 92%. The 3.4-kg/ha rate of triclopyr was slightly more effective in controlling horsenettle roots than was triclopyr at 1.7 kg/ha alone and in mixture with 1.1 kg/ha of 2,4-D. Dicamba at 0.6 and 1.1 kg/ha reduced the horsenettle shoots by 74% and 81%, respectively. The reduction was similar from mixtures of dicamba (0.1 and 0.3 kg/ha) with 2,4-D (0.4 and 0.8 kg/ha). There were no effects on the bluegrass forage that could be attributed to the herbicides.

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