ANTHOCYANIN, AGLYCONE AND AGLYCONE-SUGAR CONTENT OF THE FRUITS OF FIVE SPECIES OF Vaccinium SECTION Myrtillus

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. BALLINGTON ◽  
W. E. BALLINGER ◽  
E. P. MANESS ◽  
J. J. LUBY
Keyword(s):  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Vaccinium Membranaceum ◽  
Very High

HPLC analysis of fruit from the blueberry species Vaccinium chamissonis, V. deliciosum, V. membranaceum and V. ovalifolium identified the 3-monoarabinosides, 3-monogalactosides, and 3-monoglucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin. Vaccinium parvifolium only contained cyanidins, and was very high in cyanidin-3-galactoside (88.7%). Vaccinium membranaceum was also high in cyanidins and cyanidin-3-galactoside. Differences in the relative percentages of galactose, cyanidins and in particular cyanidin-3-galactoside supported current designations of these two taxa as valid species and distinguished them from the other three. Differences in anthocyanin or aglycone percentages were not useful in distinguishing V. deliciosum from V. chamissonis and V. ovalifolium; however, differences in aglycone-sugars were. The similarities among V. chamissonis (2n = 2X = 24) and V. ovalifolium (2n = 4X = 48) support their previous designation as a probably polyploid series.Key words: HPLC, blueberry, chemotaxonomy, taxonomy, biosystematics

ANTHOCYANIN, AGLYCONE AND AGLYCONE-SUGAR CONTENT OF FRUITS OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF Gaylussacia (ERICACEAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. BALLINGTON ◽  
W. E. BALLINGER ◽  
E. P. MANESS
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
North American ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

HPLC analysis of the true huckleberry species Gaylussacia baccata, G. dumosa, G. frondosa, G. mosieri, and G. ursina identified the 3-monoarabinosides, 3-monogalactosides, and 3-monoglucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin. Gaylussacia brachycera contained all anthocyanins, except peonidin-3-arabinoside. Gaylussacia brachycera differed from other species in percent delphinidin-3-arabinoside. It was higher than the other species in percent of the aglycone delphinidin and lower in cyanidin, and also higher in percent of the sugar arabinose. There were no detectable differences among the other species for anthocyanins, aglycones, or aglycone-sugars. The phylogenetic implications of the similarities among species of Gaylussacia and Vaccinium in anthocyanins, aglycones, and aglycone-sugars of the fruit were discussed.Key words: High-performance liquid chromatography, huckleberries, blueberries, chemotaxonomy, taxonomy, biosystematics

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Mechanism for Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Kelton ◽  
P. B. Neame ◽  
I. Walker ◽  
A. G. Turpie ◽  
J. McBride ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Antiplatelet Antibody ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Very High

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but serious illness of unknown etiology. Treatment by plasmapheresis has been reported to be effective but the mechanism for benefit is unknown. We have investigated the effect of plasmapheresis in 2 patients with TTP by quantitating platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) levels prior to and following plasmapheresis. Both patients had very high levels of PAIgG at presentation (90 and A8 fg IgG/platelet respectively, normal 0-5). in both, the PAIgG levels progressively fell to within the normal range and the platelet count rose following plasmapheresis. One patient remained in remission with normal platelet counts and PAIgG levels. The other relapsed after plasmapheresis and the PAIgG level rose prior to the fall in platelet count. Plasmapheresis was repeated and resulted in normalization of both the platelet count and PAIgG level. It is suggested that plasmapheresis removes antiplatelet antibody or immune complexes which may be of etiological importance in this illness.

Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
F. Yamaguchi ◽  
Y. Suwa ◽  
Y. Urushigawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
The Given ◽  
Operational Modes ◽  
Very High ◽  
Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds: case of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
Rifki Ismal ◽  
Nurul Izzati Septiana
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exchange Rate Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rate Risk ◽  
Risk Identify ◽  
Hajj Season ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

Purpose The demand for Saudi Arabian real (SAR) is very high in the pilgrimage (hajj) season while the authority, unfortunately, does not hedge the hajj funds. As such, the hajj funds are potentially exposed to exchange rate risk, which can impact the value of hajj funds and generate extra cost to the pilgrims. The purpose of this paper is to conduct simulations of Islamic hedging for pilgrimage funds to: mitigate and minimize exchange rate risk, identify and recommend the ideal time, amount and tenors of Islamic hedging for hajj funds, estimate cost saving by pursuing Islamic hedging and propose technical and general recommendations for the authority. Design/methodology/approach Forward transaction mechanism is adopted to compute Islamic forward between SAR and Rupiah (Indonesian currency) or IDR. Findings – based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Findings Based on simulations, the paper finds that: the longer the Islamic hedging tenors, the better is the result of Islamic hedging, the decreasing of IDR/USD is the right time to hedge the hajj funds and, on the other hand, the IDR/SAR appreciation is not the right time to hedge the hajj funds. Research limitations/implications The research suggests the authority to (and not to) hedge the hajj fund, depending on economic conditions and market indicators. Even though the assessment is for the Indonesian case, other countries maintaining hajj funds might also learn from this paper. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first paper in Indonesia that attempts to simulate the optimal hedging of hajj funds.

On the presence of Anchistioides willeyi (Borradaile, 1899) (Decapoda: Caridea: Anchistioididae) in the Red Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2243 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN MARIN
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Abdominal Somite ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Pacific Species

The palaemonoid family Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915 includes a single genus Anchistioides Paulson, 1875 with four known valid species: Anchistioides compressus Paulson, 1875 (type species), A. willeyi (Borradaile, 1899), A. australiensis (Balss, 1921) and A. antiguensis (Schmitt, 1924). Borradaile (1915) suggested two more species within the genus Amphipalaemon Nobili, 1901 (a junior synonym of Anchisitioides Paulson), Amphipalaemon gardineri Borradaile, 1915 (= Anchistioides gardineri) and Amphipalaemon cooperi Borradaile, 1915 (= Anchistioides cooperi) which were later synonomyzed with Anchisitioides willeyi by Gordon (1935), who also suggested their conspecificity with Anchistioides australiensis. At the present time, Anchistioides australiensis is a valid species (Bruce, 1971; Chace & Bruce, 1993) based on specific morphological features such as the presence of sharp postorbital tooth, oblique distal lamela of scaphocerite and sharply produced spines on posterodorsal angles of sixth abdominal somite (see Bruce, 1971: fig. 9). The other Indo-Pacific species, Anchistioides compressus and A. willeyi, can be clearly identified by specific form of scaphocerite, the presence of a well marked blunt postorbital tubercle in A. willeyi which is absent in A. compressus (e.g., Bruce, 1971) and the number of ventral rostral teeth (3-4 large ventral rostral teeth present in A. willeyi while up to 8 small ventral rostral teeth in A. compressus (Paulson, 1875; Gordon, 1935)). Anchistioides antiguensis is clearly separated geographically being known only from the tropical Western Atlantic and Caribbean region (Schmitt, 1924; Holthuis, 1951; Wheeler & Brown, 1968; Martinez-Iglesias, 1986; Markham et al, 1990; Ramos-Porto et al, 1998; Cardoso, 2006).

Rolling and Recrystallization Textures in High Purity Al Cold Rolled to Very High Rolling Reductions

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Todayama ◽  
Hirosuke Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Very High

On the basis of Taylor-Bishop-Hill’s theory, many previous theoretical investigations have predicted that, at high rolling reductions, most of orientations should rotate along theβfiber from {110}<112> to {123}<634> and finally into the {112}<111> stable end orientations. Although some exceptions exist, experimental observations have shown, on the other hand, that the maximum on the β fiber is located still at about {123}<634> even after 97 % cold rolling. In the present paper, high purity Al containing 50 ppm Cu was cold rolled up to 99.4 % reduction in thickness and examined whether {112}<111> stable end orientation could be achieved experimentally. It was found that, with increasing rolling reduction above 98 %, {110}<112> decreased, while orientations in the range between {123}<634> and {112}<111> increased, suggesting that crystal rotation along the βfiber from {110}<112> toward {123}<634> and {112}<111> in fact took place. At higher rolling reductions, however, further rotation of this peak toward {112}<111> was extremely sluggish, and even at the highest rolling reduction, it could not arrive at {112}<111>. Such discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental observations should be ascribed to the development of dislocation substructures, which were formed by concurrent work hardening and dynamic recovery. Since such development of dislocation substructures are not taken into account in Taylor-Bishop-Hill’s theory, it seems that they can not correctly predict the development of rolling textures at very high rolling reductions, i. e. stable end orientations. On annealing specimens rolled above 98 % reduction in thickness, cube textures were very weak, suggesting that cube bands were almost completely rotated into other orientations during cold rolling. {325}<496>, which lay at an intermediate position between {123}<634> and {112}<111> along theβfiber, developed strongly in the recrystallization textures.

LONG DURATION ECHOES FROM AURORA, METEORS, AND IONOSPHERIC BACK-SCATTER

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. R. McKinley ◽  
Peter M. Millman
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
E Region ◽  
Very High ◽  
Visual Observations

In the course of the Ottawa meteor program some unusual echoes have been detected on 33 Mc. Echoes from the aurora are discussed and correlated with visual observations. Two mechanisms of radio reflections from the aurora have been proposed but the data here presented are insufficient to favor one over the other. On Aug. 4, 1948, six extremely long duration meteor echoes were observed which may have been due to abnormal ionospheric conditions. From time to time since August, 1948, a weak semipermanent echo has been recorded, usually appearing at a range of about 80 km., and enduring up to an hour. It is suggested that this echo is due to back-scatter from the same sources in the lower E-region that are presumed to be responsible for long-range very high frequency propagation.

A giant within Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Description of Adustonotus graziae sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
FILIPE MICHELS BIANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

The Carpocorini are distributed worldwide, and it is one of the most speciose tribes within the Pentatomidae with 127 genera and more than 500 valid species. Recently, Adustonotus Bianchi was described to contain eight species formerly placed within Euschistus Dallas. Among them, Adustonotus grandis (Rolston) and Adustonotus latus (Dallas) are remarkable for their large size. Herein, the phylogenetic position of a new taxon is inferred by a total evidence analysis based on 85 morphological characters and four molecular markers. Adustonotus graziae sp. nov. is described, and is recovered in a polytomic lineage, including A. grandis and A. latus. These species share a solid combination of features that enable them to be separated from the other Adustonotus species (e.g., large size, the humeral angles spatulate and exceptionally produced, and the capsula seminalis shortened). Illustrations of external and internal genitalia, and a distributional map are provided. 

Devotio and human sacrifice in archaic Italy and Rome

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363-398
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mona Island ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Father And Son ◽  
Very High

Abstract The Roman father and son of the same name, P. Decius Mus, became paragon heroes by deliberately giving their lives in battle that Rome might win over a fierce enemy. Both engaged in a special ritual called devotio (from which our word “devotion” derives) to offer themselves to the gods of the Underworld, with whom regular people have very little interaction and to whom they rarely sacrifice. While the Mus family is the most famous for this act, it turns out the willingness to sacrifice oneself for Rome frequently occurs within stories of great patriots, including the story of Horatius Cocles, Mettius Curtius, Atilius Regulus, and even the traitors Coriolanus and Tarpeia. Romans regarded self-sacrifice as a very high, noble endeavor, whereas they loathed and persecuted practitioners of human sacrifice. It is therefore quite amazing to read that the Romans thrice engaged in state-sponsored human sacrifice, a fact they rarely mention and generally forget. The most famous enemy practitioners of human sacrifice were the Druids, whom the Romans massacred on Mona Island on Midsummer Night's Eve, but the Carthaginians, the Germans, the Celts, and the Thracians all infamously practiced human sacrifice. To Romans, the act of human sacrifice falls just short of cannibalism in the spectrum of forbidden practices, and was an accusation occasionally thrown against an enemy to claim they are totally barbaric. On the other hand, Romans recognized their own who committed acts of self-sacrifice for the good of the society, as heroes. There can be no better patriot than he who gives his life to save his country. Often the stories of their heroism have been exaggerated or sanitized. These acts of heroism often turn out to be acts of human sacrifice, supposedly a crime. It turns out that Romans have a strong legacy of practicing human sacrifice that lasts into the historic era, despite their alleged opposition to it. Numerous sources relate one story each. Collecting them all makes it impossible to deny the longevity of human sacrifice in Rome, although most Romans under the emperors were probably unaware of it. The paradox of condemning but still practicing human sacrifice demonstrates the nature of Roman religion, where do ut des plays a crucial role in standard sacrifice as well as in unpleasant acts like human sacrifice. Devotio was an inverted form of sacrifice, precisely because it was an offering to the gods of the Underworld, rather than to Jupiter or the Parcae. Romans may have forsaken devotio, but they continued to practice human sacrifice far longer than most of us have suspected, if one widens the current narrow definition of human sacrifice to include events where a life is taken in order to bring about a better future for the commonwealth, appease the gods, or ensure a Roman victory in battle.

Hands Stencils in El Castillo Cave (Puente Viesgo, Cantabria, Spain). An Interdisciplinary Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Sergio Ripoll ◽  
Vicente Bayarri ◽  
Francisco J. Muñoz ◽  
Ricardo Ortega ◽  
Elena Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Step ◽  
The People ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Very High

Our Palaeolithic ancestors did not make good representations of themselves on the rocky surfaces of caves and barring certain exceptions – such as the case of La Marche (found on small slabs of stone or plaquettes) or the Cueva de Ambrosio – the few known examples can only be referred to as anthropomorphs. As such, only hand stencils give us a real picture of the people who came before us. Hand stencils and imprints provide us with a large amount of information that allows us to approach not only their physical appearance but also to infer less tangible details, such as the preferential use of one hand over the other (i.e., handedness). Both new and/or mature technologies as well as digital processing of images, computers with the ability to process very high resolution images, and a more extensive knowledge of the Palaeolithic figures all help us to analyse thoroughly the hands in El Castillo cave. The interdisciplinary study presented here contributes many novel developments based on real data, representing a major step forward in knowledge about our predecessors.

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