POLISH RAPESEED AS A COMPANION CROP WHEN ESTABLISHING SWEETCLOVER FOR DRY MATTER PRODUCTION

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAJIB MALIK ◽  
JOHN WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Companion Crop

The effect of a Polish rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) companion crop on establishment and yield of sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.) was investigated in four field experiments conducted between 1979 and 1986 at Melfort, Saskatchewan. In each test, rapeseed was seeded at 3, 5 and 7 kg ha−1 and sweetclover at 1, 4, 7 and 10 kg ha−1. Rapeseed yield was not affected by its seeding rate or that of sweetclover. At a constant seeding rate of rapeseed, sweetclover forage dry matter yield increased as its seeding rate increased. Sweetclover yield decreased as the seeding rate of rapeseed increased only 1 year of the 3 with successful establishment. The highest mean sweetclover yield of 4020 kg ha−1 was obtained when sweetclover and rapeseed were sown at 10 and 5 kg ha−1, respectively, and the lowest sweetclover yield was obtained at seeding rates of 1 and 7 kg ha−1, respectively, for sweetclover and rapeseed. In 1982, when the mean rapeseed yield across all seeding rates was the lowest (1100 kg ha−1) compared to those of other years, the mean sweetclover yield obtained the following year was the highest (4700 kg ha−1). In 1985, when the mean rapeseed yield was maximum (3110 kg ha-1), the sweetclover yield obtained the following year was minimum (1340 kg ha−1).Key words: Rapeseed, sweetclover, companion crop, forage yield, seeding rate

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

Effect of varying seeding rates on hybrid and conventional summer rape performance in Manitoba

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Deynze ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
S. R. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Matter Production

To compare the effects of varying seeding rate on the agronomic performance, phenology and seed quality of hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars, four hybrid and two conventional summer rape cultivars were seeded at 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha−1 at two locations for 3 yr. The hybrid cultivars were, very importantly, 24% higher yielding and produced 50% more total dry matter than the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were, on average, 1.3% lower in seed oil content, 1.0% higher in seed protein content and equal in sum of oil and protein in the seed compared with the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were on average, 1.3 d later to 50% flowering and 1.1 d later to maturity than the average for the conventional cultivars, (i.e., equal or earlier to flowering and maturity than Regent). The hybrid cultivars were also 3.9% lower in harvest index and 1.3 ppm lower in chlorophyll content than the conventional cultivars. In spite of these differences, there were no significant cultivar-by-seeding-rate interactions, indicating that the hybrid and conventional cultivars responded similarly to varying seeding rate. Lodging, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index, survival, oil content and protein content displayed significant linear responses to varying seeding rate. Stand at maturity, seed yield and total dry matter production displayed significant linear and quadratic responses to varying seeding rate. Varying seeding rate had no effect on seed formation period, the sum of oil and protein content, or chlorophyll content. A seeding rate of 6 kg ha−1 maximized seed yield for both hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars.Key words: Brassica napus, canola, seed quality, agronomy, phenology

scholarly journals Forage yield and nutritive value of hay from sorghum-sudangrass hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e95991110508
Author(s):  
Hosnerson Renan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Mauro Pereira de Figueiredo ◽  
Ingrid Thalia Prado de Castro ◽  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Luiza Maria Gigante Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
High Forage

The objective was to evaluate agronomically nine sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and the nutritive value of their respective hays. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3 × 9 factorial scheme, with three replications. Three cuts were made: 42 days after germination, 29 days after regrowth, and 28 days after the second regrowth. All hybrids showed a higher number of plants ha–1 (P < 0.05) in the second cut. For the green matter and dry matter production of the hays, the values ranged from 49.16 to 62.07 t ha–1 and 9.07 to 11.43 t ha–1, respectively. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter, mineral matter, or ether extract. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 810, 1013016, and 1624F016 showed higher values of crude protein (CP) of 16.49, 16.17, 16.08, and 15.88%, respectively. Differences were observed (P < 0.05) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The hybrids 1013020, BRS 802, 1013021, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006 presented lower levels of NDF (60.57, 60.74, 62.15, 62.37, 62.58, and 64.70%, respectively). The hybrids BRS 802, 1013016, BRS 810, and 1624F006, stood out above the others, presenting high forage yield and adequate nutritive value (CP content >13% and NDF content <65%).

scholarly journals Yield and performance of sugarcane in on-farm interface with rubber in Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Guedes Pinto ◽  
Marcos Silveira Bernardes ◽  
Antônio Roberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Farm

Agroforestry systems are indicated as an alternative for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, however there are not many field experiments on plant performance under these conditions in the world. The objective of this work was to assess crop yield and partitioning in a sugarcane-rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) interface in on-farm conditions. The availability of irradiance for the crop along the interface was simulated and its effe ct over sugarcane dry matter production was tested. Crop yield was negatively affected by distance of the trees, but development and sucrose were not affected. Above ground dry matter increased from 16.6 to 51.5 t ha-1 from trees. Partitioning did not have a defined standard, as harvest index increased from 0.85 to 0.93, but specific leaf area was not significant along the transect, ranging from 13.48 to 15.73 m² kg-1. Light is the main factor of competition between the trees and the crop, but the relative importance of below ground interactions increases closer to the trees. Feasibility of the system depends on maturity of the trees and management strategies.

scholarly journals Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽  
Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

Seasonal distribution of dry-matter production in grass varieties from different latitudes in northern Europe

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. M. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Matter Production

Work in controlled conditions (Cooper, 1964; østgård & Eagles, 1971) has indicated that, under short photoperiods and low temperatures, Scandinavian grass varieties tend to grow more slowly than those from lower latitudes, and are, therefore, more resistant to cold and freezing stresses. This has been confirmed in field experiments (Håbjørg, 1979). These grasses would therefore be expected to cease growth earlier in the autumn when grown in the British Isles. However, this mechanism does not appear to operate under lengthening days; indeed, there is evidence to suggest that their growth is particularly stimulated by the combination of cool temperatures and long days (Cooper, 1964; Hay & Heide, 1983, 1984). This raises the possibility that varieties from Norway and Sweden could produce more dry matter than grasses of more southern provenance in the spring in upland areas, when low temperatures are associated with rapidly lengthening photoperiod (12·5–15 h) and moderate to high levels of irradiance (> 200 W/m2) (Hay, 1985).

INFLUENCE DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE ET DE L’ECARTEMENT ENTRE LES RANGS DE CEREALES-ABRI RECOLTEES COMME FOURRAGE SUR L’ETABLISSEMENT DE LA LUZERNE

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLES DEPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Forage Yields

The effect of companion crop management on the establishment of alfalfa was evaluated. The studied variables included species of cereals, row spacing and seeding rate of companion crop, stage of maturity of the companion crop at harvest, and an additional nitrogen fertilizer application. The cereals were harvested as forage. In the year after the seeding year, the first yield of alfalfa was determined. In seven trials, forage yields of a pure stand of alfalfa were 3350 kg/ha in the first cut of the seeding year. These yields averaged 60% of forage yields obtained from the combination of alfalfa and companion crop. However, cereals substantially reduced the total digestible nutrients, crude protein and calcium contents of the forage as compared to the pure alfalfa. The additional 38 kg/ha of nitrogen at tillering provided an extra yield of 600 kg/ha. Row spacing had little or no effect on forage yield. Even though wider spacings has considerably reduced seeding rates increased spacing from 18 to 54 cm did not affect barley yield while wheat was reduced by 400 kg/ha and oat increased by 300 kg/ha. Also, the average number of stems per meter of row increased by 89% with an average weight gain of 23% for each stem at the 54-cm spacing. At the first cut in the year following establishment, yields of alfalfa established with a companion crop were equal to or lower than those in pure stand. Yield reductions varied from 0 to 13% with barley and wheat but approached 30% when oats were seeded in 18-cm rows. However, the yield reduction was only 14% in the 54-cm row spacing of oats.Key words: Medicago sativa L., nitrogen fertilization, companion crop

scholarly journals Phosphate forms in plant and their internal buffering in five soybean cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez ◽  
Roberto Ferreira Novais ◽  
Luciana Aparecida Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Source And Sink ◽  
Storage Ability

Differences among plants in their ability to support nutritional stress periods may be caused by a differential vacuole capacity of ion storage and release and may also depend on the intensity of nutrient re-translocation under such conditions. In five soybean cultivars, submitted to eight days of P deprivation, the dry matter production and the contents of three phosphorus (P) forms - inorganic (Pi), organic (Po), and acid-soluble total (Pts) of different plant organs were determined. Pi release velocity (RSPi) was estimated as the tangent to the equations obtained for Pi f(t) at the point t = 2 days (the mean point in the period of greatest Pi decrease), considering that -deltaPi/deltat expresses the rate of Pi release. The internal Pi buffering capacity (IBCPi) was calculated as the inverse of the RSPi. Cultivars' differences in size of the non-metabolic Pi pool, RSPi, and the ability to transport Pi from less to more actively metabolizing regions were evaluated. The preferential Pi source and sink compartments under limited P absorption conditions were also evaluated. The cultivar Santa Rosa showed the highest Pi storage ability when the external supply was high, and a more intensive release under low P supply conditions than IAC8 and UFV1. The cultivar Uberaba was superior to Doko in its ability to store and use Pi. In all cultivars, upper leaves and roots were the main sink of Pi stored in the middle and lower leaves. Roots and upper leaves showed larger RSPi and lower IBCPi values than middle and lower leaves.

Effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice (Var. ADT-36) plants at different growth stages

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
P. M. Arthanari ◽  
P. Gnanamoorthy ◽  
S. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during the Rabi (November 1997-March 1998) and Kharif (July 1998-November 1998) seasons to identify the effect of silicon at panicle initiation on the growth of rice plant (Variety ADT-36) at different growth stages. Furnace slag was applied as a silicon source at 2 t/ha at the panicle initiation stage along with other nutrients. The dry matter production was recorded at the active tillering, panicle initiation, booting, flowering, one week after flowering and maturity stages in both the seasons. The total dry matter production was greater in the Kharif season than in the Rabi season. The application of slag at the panicle initiation stage along with N and K at the flowering stage had a significant influence over the dry matter production. A similar trend was observed in both the seasons. The silicon uptake was recorded at the panicle initiation and maturity stages. About 30-40% of the silicon absorbed during the early stages and the maturity stage was present in the shoot, whereas 20-30 % of the silicon absorbed during the maturity stages was present in the leaf blades. Based on the results, it is concluded that the supply of silicon during the panicle initiation stage is most important for plant growth.

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