Effect of timing of propiconazole application on foliar disease and yield of irrigated spring wheat in Saskatchewan from 1990 to 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Duczek ◽  
L. L. Jones-Flory
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Yield Increase

Applications of propiconazole on spring wheat at various growth stages at Outlook, Saskatchewan showed that the optimal time to spray was between the extension of the flag leaf growth stage to the medium milk growth stage (G.S. 41–75). The maximum yield increase was about 10% on the soft white spring wheat, Fielder, compared to a 3% yield increase on the hard red spring wheat, Katepwa. The disease levels on penultimate leaves was reduced by spray applications between stem elongation and medium milk growth stages (G.S. 31–75). Most of the foliar disease was caused by Septoria spp. with S. nodorum being the most prevalent pathogen; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was also present. Key words: Propiconazole, septoria leaf blotch, tan spot

Safening Influence of LAB 145 138 on Nicosulfuron, Terbufos and Bentazon Interactions in Sweet Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren K. Robinson ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
James D. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Previously Treated

LAB 145 138 (LAB) was evaluated as a safener to improve sweet corn tolerance to nicosulfuron applied POST alone or with terbufos applied in the planting furrow or bentazon applied POST. To ensure enhanced injury for experimental purposes, nicosulfuron was applied at twice the registered rate alone or mixed with bentazon at the six- to seven-leaf growth stage of corn previously treated with the highest labeled rate of terbufos 15 G formulation. LAB applied as a seed treatment (ST) or POST at the two- to three-, four- to five-, or six- to seven-leaf growth stages reduced height reduction and yield loss from nicosulfuron applied POST in combination with terbufos applied in-furrow. LAB applied POST at the four- to five-leaf growth stage was most effective in preventing injury from this treatment, with yield reduced only 8% compared with 54% from the nicosulfuron and terbufos treatment. LAB applied POST at the eight- to nine-leaf growth stage did not alleviate injury. With the nicosulfuron, terbufos, and bentazon combination, LAB applied POST at the three- to four- or six- to seven-leaf growth stages decreased height reduction and yield loss caused by this combination, with LAB at the three- to four-leaf growth stage being most effective.

Nutrient digestibility of alfalfa at different growth stages on sheep and goat

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
M. M. Moeini ◽  
M. Souri ◽  
F. Hozabri ◽  
M. R. Sanjabi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The nutritive values of animal feed are dependents on plant species, stages of maturity, harvesting and preparation methods. Legumes provide maximum yield, high forage quality (protein, mineral and digestible energy). Legumes decrease in protein and digestible dry matter and increase in fibre as they increase in growth or in maturity (Hochensmith et al., 1997). Alfalfa (medica sativa) is world unique forage in livestock food. This study was conducted to examine the chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of Hamadanian alfalfa forage at different growth stage on two local Iranian sheep and goat breeds.

Control of Early Watergrass (Echinochloa Oryzoides) and Late Watergrass (Echinochloa Phyllopogon) with Cyhalofop, Clefoxydim, and Penoxsulam Applied Alone and in Mixture with Broadleaf Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos A. Damalas ◽  
Kico V. Dhima ◽  
Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Growth Stage ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Echinochloa Phyllopogon

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of application rate, growth stage, and tank-mixing azimsulfuron or bentazon on the activity of cyhalofop, clefoxydim, and penoxsulam against two morphologically distinctEchinochloaspecies from rice fields in Greece. Mixtures of penoxsulam with MCPA were also evaluated. Cyhalofop (300 to 600 g ai/ha) applied at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 62 to 85% control of early watergrass but 41 to 83% control of late watergrass averaged over mixture treatments. Control ranged from 37 to 80% for early watergrass and from 35 to 78% for late watergrass when cyhalofop was applied at the five- to six-leaf growth stage averaged over mixture treatments. Mixtures of cyhalofop with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on both species irrespective of growth stage or cyhalofop application rate compared with cyhalofop alone. Clefoxydim (100 to 250 g ai/ha) applied alone at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 98 to 100% control of early watergrass and 91 to 100% control of late watergrass; when clefoxydim was applied alone at the five- to six-leaf growth stage the control obtained was 91 to 100% for early watergrass and 79 to 100% for late watergrass. Mixtures of clefoxydim with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Penoxsulam (20 to 40 g ai/ha) applied alone provided 94 to 100% control of both species at both growth stages. Mixtures of MCPA with penoxsulam reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Mixtures of penoxsulam with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy only on late watergrass at the late growth stage.

Co-ordination of stem elongation and Zadoks growth stages with leaf emergence in wheat and barley

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. M. Kirby ◽  
M. Appleyard ◽  
N. A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves

SUMMARYLeaf emergence, apex development stage, internode length and Zadoks principal growth stage 3 were measured over 3 years at several sites.Internode elongation and Zadoks score were strongly related to the number of emerged culm leaves. The final length of the most basal internode was very variable and contributed to variation in the relationship between Zadoks stage 30 and the number of emerged culm leaves. Variation in the length of the basal internode was related to the final number of culm leaves. Most plants had six culm leaves but the number of leaves was affected by sowing date. In an experiment where sowings were made from September to March, stem elongation and Zadoks stage 30 started at a later stage of apex development in later sowings.Recognition and prediction of culm elongation and number of emerged culm leaves is important for the application of growth regulator and fungicides. Combined with functions to predict the rate of leaf emergence and final number of leaves, the relationships described in this paper may enable Zadoks principal growth stage 3 and number of emerged culm leaves to be predicted.

Relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of copper fertilizers in improving grain yield of wheat on a Cu-deficient soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
L. Cowell ◽  
H. R. Kutcher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cu Deficiency

A field experiment was conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of Cu fertilizers on grain yield, protein concentration in grain, concentration of Cu in grain and uptake of Cu in grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and residual concentration of DTPA-extractable Cu in soil on a Cu-deficient soil near Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 on the same site, but the results for 2002 were not presented because of very low grain yield due to drought in the growing season. The 25 treatments included soil application of four granular Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate, Cu oxysulphate I and Cu oxysulphate II) as soil-incorporated (at 0.5 and 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), seedrow-placed (at 0.25 and 1.0 kg Cu ha-1) and foliar application of four solution Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I, Cu sulphate/chelate and Cu sequestered II at 0.25 kg Cu ha-1) at the four-leaf and flag-leaf growth stages, plus a zero-Cu check. Soil was tilled only once to incorporate all designated Cu and blanket fertilizers into the soil a few days prior to seeding. Wheat plants in the zero-Cu treatment exhibited Cu deficiency in all years. For foliar application at the flag-leaf stage, grain yield increased with all four of the Cu fertilizers in 2000 and 2001, and in all but Cu sequestered II in 1999. Foliar application at the four-leaf growth stage of three Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I and Cu sulphate/chelate), soil incorporation of all Cu fertilizers at 2 kg Cu ha-1 and two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 0.5 kg Cu ha-1 rate, and seedrow placement of two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 1 kg Cu ha-1 increased grain yield of wheat only in 2001. There was no effect of Cu fertilization on protein concentration in grain. The increase in concentration and uptake of Cu in grain from Cu fertilization usually showed a trend similar to grain yield. There was some increase in residual DTPA-extractable Cu in the 0–60 cm soil in Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate and Cu oxysulphate II soil incorporation treatments, particularly at the 2 kg Cu ha-1 rate. In summary, the results indicate that foliar application of Cu fertilizers at the flag-leaf growth stage can be used for immediate correction of Cu deficiency in wheat. Because Cu deficiency in crops often occurs in irregular patches within fields, foliar application may be the most practical and economical way to correct Cu deficiency during the growing season, as lower Cu rates can correct Cu deficiency. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation

scholarly journals Using 77Se-Labelled Foliar Fertilisers to Determine How Se Transfers Within Wheat Over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandnee Ramkissoon ◽  
Fien Degryse ◽  
Scott Young ◽  
Elizabeth H. Bailey ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Urea Inclusion ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Over Time

Foliar selenium (Se) fertilisation has been shown to be more efficient than soil-applied fertilisation, but the dynamics of absorption and translocation have not yet been explored. An experiment was undertaken to investigate time-dependent changes in the absorption, transformation, and distribution of Se in wheat when 77Se-enriched sodium selenate (Sefert) was applied to the leaves at a rate of 3.33 μg Se per kg soil (equivalent to 10 g ha−1) and two growth stages, namely stem elongation, Zadoks stage 31/32 (GS1), and heading stage, Zadoks stage 57 (GS2). The effect of urea inclusion in foliar Se fertilisers on the penetration rates of Se was also investigated. Wheat was harvested at 3, 10, and 17 days and 3, 10, and 34 days after Se applications at GS1 and GS2, respectively. Applying foliar Se, irrespective of the formulation, brought grain Se concentration to a level high enough to be considered adequate for biofortification. Inclusion of N in the foliar Se solution applied at an early growth stage increased recoveries in the plants, likely due to improved absorption of applied Se through the young leaves. At a later growth stage, the inclusion of N in foliar Se solutions was also beneficial as it improved the assimilation of applied inorganic Se into bioavailable selenomethionine, which was then rapidly translocated to the grain. The practical knowledge gained about the optimisation of Se fertiliser formulation, method, and timing of application will be of importance in refining biofortification programs across different climatic regimes.

scholarly journals Interactions between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L.) and undersown Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) depending on growth stage and plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Monika Myśliwiec ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marzena Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Persian Clover

A pot experiment was conducted in the years 2010–2012. The competitive interactions between spring wheat and undersown Persian clover, depending on plant density have been established. The plants were grown in a mixture and in pure sowing at a higher density (according to the rules of proper agricultural practice) and at a density reduced by 20%. Based on measurements of dry matter in the aboveground parts and roots conducted at the wheat growth stages (BBCH) such as: leaf development (12–14), tillering (21–23), stem elongation (31–32), inflorescence emergence (54–56), and ripening (87–89), calculations of indicators such as: relative yield, relative yield total, competitive balance index and relative efficiency index, were performed. Competition between spring wheat and Persian clover continued from the wheat tillering stage until the end of vegetation. The strongest interactions were at the stem elongation stage (the plants competed for 95% of the growth factors), while at the end of vegetation the competition decreased slightly (it concerned 85% of the resources). The aboveground parts influenced one another with higher intensity than the roots. This was visible particularly well during the inflorescence emergence stage, during which the plants accumulated only 8% of the resources in the aboveground parts, while 89% was accumulated in the roots. Wheat proved to be the stronger competitor for the growth factors. It reduced by more than twice the increase in the biomass of Persian clover from tillering until the end of vegetation. In the mixture, the relative growth rate of the aboveground parts of clover was higher than in the case of wheat, while the growth rate of the roots was similar for both species. Plant density had no significant impact on the intensity of mutual interactions.

scholarly journals Main directions of development of agro-technologies for production of spring wheat species for sustainable agriculture in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00071
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Albina Serzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Middle Volga

The article presents the results of research conducted in different soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region on the influence of regulated factors, as well as environmental factors on the production process of plants of various types of spring wheat. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is enough to obtain yields within 12–13 tons of dry biomass or 6–7 tons of grain. Natural precipitation is able to provide 3.82–4.36 t of spring wheat grain from 1 ha, and 4.5–6.3 t/ha by the total influence of solar energy, heat and moisture supply. Natural level of soil fertility without application of organic and mineral fertilizers allows to receive about 2 tons of spring wheat grain from 1 ha. Application of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac water (N-20.5 %) increased the yield in comparison with the use of nitrogen in the form of ammoniac saltpeter: the increase was 0.14 t per 1 ha. In the conditions of grey forest soil in the Predkamye region of the Republic of Tatarstan the optimal norm of sowing of spring wheat Triticum dicoccum Schuebl (spelt) depending on the feeding background was established. Growth of yield at sowing of 6 million seeds per hectare at all levels of nutrition in comparison with sowing rate of 4 million tons per hectare was 0.18 tons per hectare against the natural background, against the estimated background of NRC on 2.0 tons of grain – 0.19 tons and 2.5 tons of grain – 0.24 tons per hectare. The maximum yield increase was received at a combination of a mineral foodstuff with an optimum norm of sowing and has made on a settlement background 2 tons of grain from hectare – 0.20 tons, on 2.5 tons of grain – 0.34 tons from hectare. Thus, the aim of our research was to develop methods of growing high yielding quality grain of different types of wheat adapted to the conditions of forest-steppe in the Volga region.

Absorption, Translocation, and Activity of CGA-136872, DPX-V9360, and Glyphosate in Rhizome Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando F. Camacho ◽  
Loren J. Moshier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Treated Leaf

Rhizome johnsongrass grown in the greenhouse and treated with glyphosate at 1680 g ai ha−1at an early (3- to 4-leaf) or late (6- to 8-leaf) growth stage displayed injury within a week. Plants treated with CGA-136872 or DPX-V9360 at 40 g ai ha−1at both growth stages displayed injury 1 to 2 weeks later. CGA-136872 did not prevent regrowth at either growth stage. No regrowth occurred from DPX-V9360 or glyphosate-treated plants. Foliar absorption by greenhouse-grown plants within 24 h of application was greater with14C-glyphosate than with14C-DPX-V9360 or14C-CGA-136872. More14C-DPX-V9360 was absorbed than14C-CGA-136872. Growth stage influenced glyphosate absorption (more by younger plants) but not CGA-136872 or DPX-V9360 absorption. Translocation of the14C-CGA-136872 and14C-DPX-V9360 out of the treated leaf was less than 20% of the absorbed label and was less than glyphosate translocation. Growth stage of rhizome johnsongrass at the time of treatment had no effect on the distribution of radiolabeled herbicides within 24 h.

AGROCHEMICAL REGULATORY INDICATORS OF MINERAL NUTRITION OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
N.V. GOMAN ◽  
◽  
I.A. BOBRENKO ◽  
V.V. POPOVA ◽  
A.A. GAIDAR
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Copper Chelate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Copper Chelates ◽  
Positive Effect

The authors studied the influence of different methods of using micronutrient fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat grain and established standard agrochemical indicators of mineral nutrition on the grassland-chernozem soil of the Omsk region. Use was made of helated micronutrient fertilizers (zinc and copper). Chelated micronutrient fertilizers are an organic complex of a microelement with a chelating agent, in which the microelement is freely absorbed by the plant. The advantages of chelated micronutrient fertilizers are an increase in the availability of trace elements, because these compounds are entirely supplied to the leaf during foliar feeding or during pre-sowing treatment of seeds, protection against the formation of insoluble, inaccessible, economical consumption. The experiment established that the use of zinc and copper chelates in the cultivation of spring wheat in the forest-steppe conditions of the Omsk region is effective. The best rate of zinc and copper for pre-sowing seed treatment is 200 g/t. For foliar top dressing in the tillering phase, the best rate of zinc chelate is 20 g/ha, the most effective top dressing is copper chelate at a rate of 10 g/ha, as it is less expensive in terms of the amount of the applied product. Optimizing spring wheat nutrition by using zinc and copper chelates by foliar feeding of plants in the phase of stemming provided an average increase in yield from 0.03 to 0.16 t/ha of grain (1.4–7.3% compared to control). Experiments revealed a positive effect of zinc chelate in this phase of the yield development, when zinc was used at a rate of 20 g/ha, the greatest yield increase was obtained 0.14 t/ha (2.20 t/ha in control), when using copper chelate the maximum yield was obtained at a rate of 20 g/ha. To obtain a ton of yield in the best version of Zn200, spring wheat required: N – 35.7 kg, P2О5 – 21.9 kg, K2О – 22.6 kg, Zn – 47.56 g, Cu – 5.91 kg. When treating Cu200, the removal of nutrients amounted to: N – 33.9 kg, P2О5 – 21.8 kg, K2О – 22.1 kg, Zn – 54.03 g, Cu – 4.80 g. When carrying out foliar top dressing in the tillering phase of Zn20, the removal of nutrients from a ton of crop yield amounted to: N – 35.4 kg, P2О5 – 23.4 kg, K2O – 23.4 kg, Zn – 49.7 g, Cu – 4.87 g; in the Cu10 variant it was required: N – 34.3 kg, P2O5 – 22.5 kg, K2O – 23.6 kg, Zn – 52.9 g, Cu – 4.36 g. Foliar dressing in the booting phase at a rate of Zn20 was characterized by the following per-ton removal: N – 34.6 kg, P2О5 – 25.3 kg, K2О – 24.9 kg, Zn – 65.0 g, Cu – 5.13 g, treatment with copper chelates Cu20, the removal of nutrients amounted to: N – 34.7 kg, P2О5 – 24.4 kg, K2O – 25.9 kg, Zn – 61.1 g, Cu – 6.4 g. The element utilization coefficients from the soil (EUC) accounted for: nitrogen – 87%, phosphorus – 8.0%, potassium – 6.0%, zinc – 7.0%, copper – 2.0%.

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