SOIL PROPERTIES AFFECTING THE RETENTION OF PHOSPHORUS FROM EFFLUENT

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATT K. JOHN
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Coastal Soils

Factors affecting removal of P from waste water effluent on 376 soils from British Columbia and six soils from New Zealand were studied. When shaken at a ratio of 1:50 soil to effluent, the soils of the dry British Columbia interior removed on an average 31% of the effluent P, whereas wet coastal soils removed 85% and the New Zealand soils removed 76%. The capacity of the soil to remove effluent P was related mostly to Al, Fe and P extracted by various extractants, pH, base saturation, organic matter and texture.

Response of lodgepole pine health to soil disturbance treatments in British Columbia, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya M. Reid ◽  
William K. Chapman ◽  
John Marty Kranabetter ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Health Response

Soil disturbance from organic matter loss and soil compaction can impair site productivity, but less is known about whether these disturbances also affect forest health (defined here as the presence and severity of damaging pests and diseases, mortality, and overall vigour). We used six long-term soil productivity (LTSP) sites in the interior of British Columbia, Canada to test the effects of organic-matter removal and soil compaction on forest health, and to explore the relationship between forest health response and potential indicators of site sensitivity: mineral soil pH, base saturation, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N), carbon to phosphorus ratio (C:P), and calcium to aluminum ratio (Ca:Al). Visual forest health surveys were conducted on 5400 15 and 20 year old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) trees. Soil disturbance treatments significantly affected forest health metrics, but this response typically differed among sites. Principle component analyses indicated the response of healthy trees was negatively related to soil base saturation, the response of dead or dying trees related to soil C:P, and the response of tree disease related to soil Ca:Al, pH, base saturation, and C:N. We found forest health response to soil disturbance varied among sites with relationships between response and soil chemical properties, suggesting a greater vulnerability of pine stands to disease with increasing soil acidity.

scholarly journals PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS KOTORAN KAMBING DENGAN RESIDU UREA-HUMAT TERHADAP UNSUR P, K SERTA PERTUMBUHAN OKRA (Abelmoshus esculentus L.) PADA ENTISOL, WAJAK MALANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Cahyo Bagus Susanto ◽  
Syahrul Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Soil Residue

Entisol of Wajak Malang has low base saturation and organic matter and slightly acid. The result of the analysis also showed that soil has nutrient P with high criteria; however, N, K, Ca, Mg, Na contents are low to very low criteria. Application of humic acid at the first planting can leave residual nutrients and can still be used in the second planting. Besides urea-humic, goat manure can also be because it can improve soil properties, organic matter and nutrients contents. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the application of urea-humic residue with goat manure on the availability of phosphorus, potassium and the growth of okra on an Entisol of Wajak Malang. The combination of treatments consisted of: U1 (soil residue urea-humic 100% + goat manure), UH1 (soil residue of urea-humic 75% + goat manure), UH2 (soil residue of urea-humic 100% + goat manure), UH3 (soil residue of urea-humic 125% + goat manure), UH4 (soil residue if urea-humic 150% + goat manure). The five treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results showed that urea-humic residue with application goat manure had no significant effect on available P, exchangeable K in the soil, plants height and leaf number of okra on 4, 6 and 8 weeks after planting.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Degradation of Soil Properties in Kabba College of Agriculture, Kogi State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
T.S. Babalola ◽  
K.S. Ogunleye ◽  
J. A. Lawal ◽  
A.O.A. Ilori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ome soils in Kabba College of Agriculture, Kogi State, southern guinea savannah zone of Nigeria, were assessed to ascertain the levels of degradation of soil properties. The rigid grid soil survey method was used to identify seven soil units. Soils were sampled at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depth and analyzed for physical and chemical properties using standard methods. Levels of degradation were obtained by comparing laboratory data with the standard land/soil requirement (indicators/criteria) for grouping lands into different degradation classes of 1 to 4 (non to slightly, moderately, highly, and very highly degraded). Results showed that units D (soghum) and E (citrus) were very highly degraded (Class 4) of exchangeable potassium; units C (yam), D and E were highly degraded (Class 3) of organic matter. Other units were moderately degraded (Class 2) of base saturation, bulk density and total nitrogen. There was no degradation of available phosphorus and exchangeable sodium percentage in all the units. Physical and chemical degradation took place in the study area with respect to bulk density, base saturation, total nitrogen, potassium, and organic matter. Sustainable management practices that will promote good bulk density and organic matter accumulation should be encouraged.

THE INFLUENCE OF BASE SATURATION AND FERTILITY TREATMENTS ON YIELD AND CATION COMPOSITION OF CROPS GROWN ON TWO BRITISH COLUMBIA SOILS HIGH IN ORGANIC MATTER

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
Neville A. Gough ◽  
C. A. Rowles
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Soil Calcium

The influence of base saturation and fertility treatments on yield and cation composition of oats grown on two British Columbia soils high in organic matter was studied in the greenhouse. Increased base saturation significantly increased: the yield of oat forage on the Alouette soil (an organic soil), calcium uptake on both soils, magnesium content of oats grown on the Pitt soil, and tissue potassium with the Alouette soil.The yield decreased significantly when nitrogen was added to the Alouette soil. Nitrogen significantly increased tissue calcium on the Pitt soil. The magnesium and potassium content of oats was not influenced by nitrogen.With the Pitt soil there was a consistent (but not significant) trend showing that phosphorus increased yields. For the Alouette soil the interaction between phosphorus and base saturation significantly increased calcium absorption. Phosphorus tended to increase calcium uptake from both soils. Tissue magnesium increased significantly when phosphorus was added to the Pitt soil.There was a tendency (not significant) with both soils for yield to decrease as potassium was applied. When potassium was added to the Pitt soil there was a marked tendency for tissue magnesium to increase. A reverse trend occurred with the Alouette soil. Potassium fertilization of both soils significantly increased potassium absorption.

Pre-Precipitation Facilitates Nitrogen Removal without Tank Expansion

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Karlsson ◽  
Gunnar Smith
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Denitrification Process

Chemically coagulated sewage water gives an effluent low in both suspended matter and organics. To use chemical precipitation as the first step in waste water treatment improves nitrification in the following biological stage. The precipitated sludge contains 75% of the organic matter in the sewage and can by hydrolysis be converted to readily degradable organic matter, which presents a valuable carbon source for the denitrification process. This paper will review experiences from full-scale applications as well as pilot-plant and laboratory studies.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Organic Matter Concentration in the Topsoil of Black Soil in Northeast China Based on Spatial Heterogeneous Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Zhenbo Du ◽  
Bingbo Gao ◽  
Cong Ou ◽  
Zhenrong Du ◽  
Jianyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Study Results

Black soil is fertile, abundant with organic matter (OM) and is exceptional for farming. The black soil zone in northeast China is the third-largest black soil zone globally and produces a quarter of China’s commodity grain. However, the soil organic matter (SOM) in this zone is declining, and the quality of cultivated land is falling off rapidly due to overexploitation and unsustainable management practices. To help develop an integrated protection strategy for black soil, this study aimed to identify the primary factors contributing to SOM degradation. The geographic detector, which can detect both linear and nonlinear relationships and the interactions based on spatial heterogeneous patterns, was used to quantitatively analyze the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting SOM concentration in northeast China. In descending order, the nine factors affecting SOM are temperature, gross domestic product (GDP), elevation, population, soil type, precipitation, soil erosion, land use, and geomorphology. The influence of all factors is significant, and the interaction of any two factors enhances their impact. The SOM concentration decreases with increased temperature, population, soil erosion, elevation and terrain undulation. SOM rises with increased precipitation, initially decreases with increasing GDP but then increases, and varies by soil type and land use. Conclusions about detailed impacts are presented in this paper. For example, wind erosion has a more significant effect than water erosion, and irrigated land has a lower SOM content than dry land. Based on the study results, protection measures, including conservation tillage, farmland shelterbelts, cross-slope ridges, terraces, and rainfed farming are recommended. The conversion of high-quality farmland to non-farm uses should be prohibited.

scholarly journals Nutritional impact of partial or complete replacement of clover hay by untreated or biologically treated rice straw and corn stalks on: 1. growth performance and economic evaluation of growing New Zealand (NZW) White rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed A. A. Omer ◽  
Sawsan M. Ahmed ◽  
Roshdy I. El-Kady ◽  
Aly A. El-Shahat ◽  
Mahmoud Y. El-Ayek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Background Agriculture by-products are considered a great potential value for utilization by ruminants as well as rabbits. They usually can be the maintenance and part of the production requirements. However, in developing countries, as well as in Egypt, animals suffer from shortage of feeds that are continuously increasing in costs. In general, biological treatments were shown to be the most effective and improved chemical composition of rice straw or corn stalks. Method This work aimed to investigate the possible ways of utilizing rice straws or corn stalks in rabbit feeding. The field work is designed to study the effect of biological treatment of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on rice straws and Trichoderma reesei cultivated on corn stalks and replacing clover hay by rice straws and corn stalks at levels of 0, 33, 66, and 100% either without or with microbes adding. Seventy-eight New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 4–5 weeks (565 ± 13.57 g) were randomly divided into thirteen equal experimental groups. Results Untreated rice straws or biologically treated with Pleurotus ostreatus increased their contents of crude protein (CP) by 178.75 and 224.5% and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) by 6.30 and 24.53, respectively. Meanwhile, crude fiber (CF) content was reduced by 31.32 and 56.75%, and organic matter content was decreased by 2.81 and 5.51%, respectively, in comparison with the raw rice straws. Also, biological treatment of rice straws caused a decrease in values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and hemicellulose contents in comparison with either raw or treated rice straws. Furthermore, biological treatment with Trichoderma reesei realized a decrease in organic matter (OM), CF, NDF, and ADF and increased CP and ash contents in corn stalks. NFE content of corn stalks was decreased as a result of treatment without or with Trichoderma reesei experimental rations by 11.95% and 3.82% compared to raw corn stalks (CS). Biological treatments with fungi significantly (P < 0.05) improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion. ADG and feed conversion were significantly (P < 0.05) improved when rabbits were fed diets containing rice straw (RS) compared to that fed CS. Rabbits fed diets replaced clover hay (CH) with 33% or 66% of RS or CS significantly increased ADG compared to control and that replaced 100% of both RS and CS containing rations. Levels of replacing had no significant effect on their dry matter intake (DMI) values. The highest improvement in feed conversion was recorded with rabbits that received diets replaced 33% of berseem hay (BH) by RS or CS, followed by that replaced 66% of BH by RS or CS. There were significantly interactions between biological treatments (T), roughage source (S), and replacement levels (L) (T × S × L) only on ADG. The best fed conversion was realized by rabbits fed diet replaced BH with 33% of RS that are treated by Pleurotus ostreatus (4.05 g DMI/g gain). Rabbits fed 33% biologically treated rice straw with Pleurotus ostreatus showed the highest economic efficiency (179%) followed by rabbits that received 33% of both rice straws treated without Pleurotus ostreatus and rabbits that received corn stalks biologically treated with Trichoderma reesei (161%). Conclusion Biological treatments of rice straws by Pleurotus ostreatus or corn stalks by Trichoderma reesei were safe, and it improves their chemical analysis and improved both daily gain and feed conversion, decreasing the costing of diet formulation which consequently decreased the price of 1-kg live body weight.

The prediction of voluntary intake of grazing dairy cows

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Caird ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Simple Equation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Farm Planning ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

SUMMARYInformation on the total organic matter intake, concentrates supplied (C), live weight (LW), week of lactation (WL), milk yield (MY), herbage organic matter digestibility (HOMD), herbage mass, sward height (SHT) or herbage allowance (HAL) measured individually for 357 cows at one of three sites was assembled. Observed intake was compared with intakes predicted by existing intake equations and new prediction equations based on regression models or regression and least-squares constants were developed. Major factors affecting intake were MY, LW, WL, C and HAL or SHT. Although HOMD was correlated with intake, better predictions were obtained when HOMD was omitted. There were differences between sites possibly associated with differences in measurement techniques.The predictive value of some existing equations and new equations were tested against independent sets of data. A simple equation (A) based on MY and LW (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1975) gave satisfactory average predictions but the mean square prediction error (MSPE) was high. The equations of Vadiveloo & Holmes (1979) adjusted for bias gave a relatively low MSPE. The preferred new equations for grazing cattle included MY, LW, WL, C and HAL or SHT, and their MSPE were similar to or lower than for indoor equations.The discussion indicates that a simple equation (A) would give adequate predictions for farm planning. The more detailed equations illustrate the inter-relations of animal with sward conditions and concentrate allowances. Predicted intakes may deviate from actual intakes because of short-term changes in body reserves.

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