MONOSACCHARIDES AS GEOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN PEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MORITA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Sugar Analysis ◽  
Geochemical Markers

The relative abundances of arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose, total pentoses, total hexoses and total sugars in 50 soil horizon samples derived from two groups of Canadian peat soil profiles have been correlated with five characteristic soil properties, namely, fiber content, pyrophosphate index, ash content, C:N ratio and cation exchange capacity. The correlation coefficients demonstrated that of the monosaccharides or sugars examined, glucose and total sugar contents correlated best with the five soil properties. The coefficients also showed that sugar analysis is as reliable as the five soil properties for assessing the degree of decomposition of peat. Sugar analysis, therefore, can be used to differentiate peats. Key words: Peat, monosaccharides, soil properties, correlation, decomposition

scholarly journals Effect of long-term organic and mineral fertilisation on selected physico-chemical soil properties in rye monoculture and five-year crop rotation

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Stępień ◽  
Monika Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Chemical Soil

Abstract The research was carried out continuously since 1923 in a permanent fertilisation experiment at the Experimental Station of SGGW in Skierniewice. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of long-term fertilisation (Ca, CaNPK, NPK) and crop rotation systems (rye monoculture without fertilisation with manure and five-field rotation with legume crop and manure fertilisation) on selected physical and chemical soil properties. Long-term fertilisation caused various degrees of change in many physio-chemical properties in three soil horizons (Ap, Eet, Bt): pH in KCl, cation exchange capacity, total exchangeable bases, base saturation, content of carbon, nitrogen and mineral forms of nitrogen (NO3, NH4) as well as the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The combined manure and mineral fertilisation increased the sorption capacity, total exchangeable bases, base cation saturation and total content of C and N in comparison to organic or mineral fertilisation. As a result of lime application, an increase in these parameters was determined with the exception of total contents of carbon and nitrogen, showing no differences or a decrease. A positive effect was confirmed in five-field crop rotation, which improves physicochemical soil properties in comparison to cereal monoculture. The C:N ratio narrows down with growing depth because more nitrogen than carbon migrates down the soil profile.

scholarly journals Effects of De-inking Sludge on soil Properties and Corn Growth

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 894C-894
Author(s):  
Mohamed Badrane Erhioui ◽  
A. Karam ◽  
S. Yelle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

The large amount of organic carbon content present in de-inking residues makes them attractive for use in agricultural soils as an organic soil amendment. Greenhouse bioessays were undertaken to evaluate the agronomic value of de-inking sludge (DS). It was incorporated in a sandy soil to study the effects of different rates of de-inking residue amendments and N fertilizer combinations on soil properties and growth of corn. Particular attention was given to trace element concentrations. In a split factorial design, three variables were investigated: harvest time (after 20, 40, and 60 days), application rates of DS (0, 35, 70, and 105 t·ha–1), and four N rates (0, 140, 280, and 420 kg·ha–1). Chemical analyses of the fresh residues did not indicate the presence of heavy metals at levels potentially toxic to the environment. Soil chemical properties were clearly improved following the incorporation of DS. For example, adding different amounts of DS had a significant impact on the pH, the cation exchange capacity, and soil moisture. In addition, salinity was not affected with DS application. Seed germination was high in all the treatments and was not significantly influenced by DS application. Moreover, results on vegetative growth indicated a good relationship between the C:N ratio and biomass production. The DS combined with supplemental fertilizer seems to have a positive effect on plant growth. Overall, these results suggest that the limiting factor in de-inking paper sludge valorization is the amount of N available to the plant. Also, no other toxic products were found that could be harmful to the environment.

Soil properties in organic olive orchards following different weed management in a rolling landscape of Andalusia, Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Auxiliadora Soriano ◽  
Sonia Álvarez ◽  
Blanca B. Landa ◽  
José A. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C And N

AbstractThis study evaluated the most significant physical, chemical and biological soil properties from a group of organic olive farms located in a typical olive-growing area of Andalusia, Spain, after 5 or more years since the shift from conventional to organic farming, and compared soils with those in nearby undisturbed (U) natural areas. Two soil management systems implemented in these organic olive farms to control weeds, tillage (T), characterized by non-inverting-shallow tillage in spring, and mechanical mowing (M), were compared and evaluated against the U areas. Organic olive orchards showed similar productivity (average fruit yield of 3130 kg ha−1 yr−1) as the conventional, rain-fed olive groves in the same area, with no significant differences due to soil management systems. Soil properties in the olive orchards (i.e. texture, pH, organic carbon (C), organic nitrogen (N), C:N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable potassium) were in the suitable range for olive farming in both soil managements, although organic C and N, saturated hydraulic conductivity and available water-holding capacity (AWC) of the soil were lower than in the U areas. A principal component analysis (PCA) for soil properties in topsoil (0–10 cm depth) distinguished the T from M olive orchards and U areas, and determined organic C and N as the most significant soil properties to characterize them. Average values of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks for the surface layer (0–10 cm depth) were 18.6, 59.3 and 67.8 Mg ha−1, for T and M soil management systems and U areas, respectively. This indicates that the sustainability of organic olive orchards could be significantly improved by shifting to M soil management to decrease soil erosion and depletion of SOC.

Selection and establishment of Alberta agricultural soil quality benchmark sites

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Cathcart ◽  
Karen Cannon ◽  
Jody Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Forty-three benchmark sites were established to monitor soils across the agricultural regions of Alberta. Soil chemical and physical properties were examined in an initial pedological investigation in 1997. This paper describes site selection and presents results from the initial pedological investigation. Ninety-five percent of the chosen sites were representative of their provincial ecodistrict, with only two profiles being darker and higher in organic carbon than expected. The majority of selected sites were gently undulating loam soils on morainal parent materials in the dryland regions of Alberta. Soil texture, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate content, and soil pH reflected regional differences in quaternary geology and agricultural practices across Alberta. Southern Alberta was characterized by high pH, sandier-textured soil profiles, whereas the Peace Lowlands, being derived from marine shale deposits, exhibited finer soil textures and higher cation exchanges capacities. Owing to climatic and vegetative differences, organic carbon levels were significantly greater in northern Alberta compared with the south, but were found to differ based on soil horizon and slope position. Upper slopes typically had lower organic carbon levels, particularly in the A horizon. Similar results were observed for total soil N, although other soil nutrients differed in relation to soil properties, slope and ecoregion. Data collected will provide: (a) the basis for a detailed Alberta soil quality assessment, (b) data for future modeling efforts, and (c) data necessary to identify temporal changes in soil properties, yield and management relationships. Key words: Agronomic practices, catena, ecodistrict, pedological investigation, soil landscape, soil quality

scholarly journals Attempts to Explain the Variability in the Cation-Exchange Capacity of Soils in Terms of Particle Size and Organic-Matter Levels

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Independent Variables

A study is herein reported where attempts to explain the variability in the cation exchange capacity of Lajas Valley soils in terms of other soil properties were made. The independent variables considered were percentage of particles smaller than 0.002 mm., percentage of organic matter, and the summation of the percentage of particles ranging from 0.05 to 0.002 mm. and smaller than 0.002 mm. The correlation coefficients obtained were 0.44, 0.47 and 0.46 for each respective attempt. Only 19 percent of the variability in cation exchange capacity could be explained on the basis of the percentage of particles smaller than 0.002 mm. in size. Another simple correlation where the percentage of particles between 0.05 mm. and 0.002 mm. was added to the percentage of particles smaller than 0.002 failed to explain satisfactorily any significant additional variability. A multiple correlation including the percentage of organic matter, in addition to the percentage of particles smaller than 0.002 mm. also failed to explain any significant additional variability. This failure is analyzed in view of the different nature of montmorillonitic clays that predominate in Lajas Valley soils.

scholarly journals Correlation of physical and chemical attributes of soil with sugarcane yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Guilherme Pellegrino Cerri ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Graziano Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this work was to evaluate the correlation between sugarcane yield and some physical and chemical attributes of soil. For this, a 42‑ha test area in Araras, SP, Brazil, was used. Soil properties were determined from samples collected at the beginning of the 2003/2004 harvest season, using a regular 100x100 m grid. Yield assessment was done with a yield monitor (Simprocana). Correlation analyses were performed between sugarcane yield and the following soil properties: pH, pH CaCl2, N, C, cone index, clay content, soil organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+AL, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Correlation coefficients were respectively ‑0.05, ‑0.29, 0.33, 0.41, ‑0.27, 0.22, 0.44, ‑0.24, trace, ‑0.06, 0.01, 0.32, 0.14, and 0.04. Correlations of chemical and physical attributes of soil with sugarcane yield are weak, and, per se, they are not able to explain sugarcane yield variation, which suggests that other variables, besides soil attributes, should be analysed.

Pragmatic models for the prediction and digital mapping of soil properties in eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gray ◽  
Thomas F. A. Bishop ◽  
Xihua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Mapping Techniques

To help meet the increasing need for knowledge and data on the spatial distribution of soils, readily applied multiple linear regression models were developed for key soil properties over eastern Australia. Selected covariates were used to represent the key soil-forming factors of climate (annual precipitation and maximum temperature), parent material (a lithological silica index) topography (new topo-slope and aspect indices) and biota (a modified land disturbance index). The models are presented at three depth intervals (0–10, 10–30 and 30–100 cm) and are of variable but generally moderate statistical strength, with concordance correlation coefficients in the order of 0.7 for organic carbon (OC) upper depth, pHca, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and sand, but somewhat lower (0.4–0.6) for OC lower depths, total phosphorous, clay and silt. The pragmatic models facilitate soil property predictions at individual sites using only climate and field-collected data. They were also moderately effective for deriving digital soil maps over the state of New South Wales and a regional catchment. The models and derived maps compared well in predictive ability to those derived from more sophisticated techniques involving Cubist decision trees with remotely sensed covariates. The readily understood and interpreted nature of these products means they may provide a useful introduction to the more advanced digital soil modelling and mapping techniques. The models provide useful information and broader insights into the factors controlling soil distribution in eastern Australia and beyond, including the change in a soil property with a given unit change in a covariate.

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

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