Further evidence on the inheritance of reproductive mode in Brachiaria

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Miles ◽  
M. L. Escandón
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tropical Forages

The most important tropical forages are Brachiaria spp. Existing cultivars are natural, polyploid, aposporous apomicts. Breeding programs seek to combine attributes from the tetraploid apomicts B. brizantha and B. decumbens. Apomixis is monogenic and dominant. We sought to synthesize an allogomous, sexual, breeding population containing germplasm from selected apomicts. Apospory was not detected in a large open-pollinated progeny of sexual hybrids from sexual-by-apomictic crosses. Key words: Apomixis, apospory, Brachiaria, breeding methods

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative PCR Diagnostics to Identify Tolerance and Resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Potato

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dan ◽  
S. T. Ali-Khan ◽  
J. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pcr Diagnostics ◽  
Accurate Quantification

A potato breeding population was evaluated for the presence of tolerance and resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Clones were ranked as susceptible or moderately and highly resistant based on symptom expression, and a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was used to determine the Verticillium biomass in the bases of stems. A clone was designated as tolerant if the amount of fungus present in the host tissue was equal to or greater than the collective average amount for all clones in the symptom category above. Tolerant and resistant clones were identified in all trials, but the expression of tolerance was usually unstable across runs. The fungus was detected in some symptomless plants; on the other hand, some symptomatic plants were found to be pathogen-free. These observations emphasize the necessity of accurate quantification of the pathogen biomass in potato during Verticillium resistance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Optimization of a specialized beef breeding program with a crossbreeding component

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
B. Fuerst-Waltl ◽  
A. Willam ◽  
J. Sölkner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Natural Service

Abstract. A complex deterministic approach (ZPLAN) was used to optimize the breeding programs for beef breeds. For the model population 1,000 beef cows and 60,000 dual purpose Simmental cows for crossbreeding were assumed. The percentage of AI was 25% within the beef breed and 93% within the Simmental cows. Domestic AI beef bulls were used for crossbreeding only. The total merit index included beef traits (birth weight, 200-day-weight direct and maternal, 365-day-weight, daily gain, dressing percentage, EUROP grading score) and functional traits (calving ease, stillbirth, fertility and functional longevity). The proportion of foreign proven and domestic AI bulls was varied as well as the number of bulls tested on stations and on contract farms. Annual monetary genetic gain and discounted profit were used to evaluate alternative breeding strategies. Extending the number of bulls tested on stations and establishing performance testing of natural service bulls on contract farms increased the annual monetary genetic gain and the discounted profit, especially when domestic AI bulls were also used in the beef cattle breeding population.

scholarly journals Breeding tropical forages

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Jank ◽  
CB Valle ◽  
RMS Resende
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The World ◽  
Tropical Forages ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Apomictic Reproduction

Brazil has the largest commercial beef cattle herd and is the main beef exporter in the world. Cultivated pastures are the basis for the Brazilian beef production, and occupy an area of 101.4 million hectares. However, very few forage cultivars are commercially available, and the majority of these are of apomictic reproduction, thus genetically homogeneous. Tropical forage breeding is at its infancy, but much investment and efforts have been applied in the last three decades and some new cultivars have been released. In this paper, origin of different species, modes of reproduction, breeding programs and targets are discussed and the resulting new cultivars released are presented.

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR CARCASS TRAITS OF BACKCROSS BULLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
T. A. VAN LUNEN ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Beef Carcass

The effects of station of origin, station of test and genotype × environment interactions were evaluated for carcass characteristics of 121 backcross bulls. The results suggest that station of origin, station of test and genotype × environment interactions are not of any major importance in planning of breeding programs, performance tests and transfer of beef cattle with respect to carcass traits. Key words: Cattle (beef), carcass traits, genotype × environment interactions

Antioxidant capacity in June-bearing and day-neutral strawberry

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1387-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh ◽  
Behrouz Ehsani-Moghaddam ◽  
Audrey Levasseur
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Lipophilic Antioxidant ◽  
Strawberry Breeding ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars ◽  
Capacity Method

The present study was carried out to estimate the crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant content of known and new advanced selections among June-bearing and day-neutral genotypes using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity method. Crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic extractions were prepared using 25 g of frozen fruits from each sample. In June-bearing strawberries, significant differences were observed among crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant values of different selected genotypes. Mean of crude, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in June-bearings were estimated to be 20.4, 13.4 and 0.5 μmol TE g-1 FW, respectively, which were higher than those of the day-neutral genotypes (i.e., 13.2, 9.4 and 0.3 μmol TE g-1 FW). The present study revealed the importance of genetic background for determining the antioxidant potential in selected June-bearing genotypes and the possibility of production of new strawberry cultivars with higher levels of antioxidant capacity through breeding programs. Key words: Hydrophilic, lipophilic, total antioxidants, strawberry breeding, TEAC, Trolox

Agronomic and horticultural characters of rutabaga in eastern Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Range Of Variation

Rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. rapifera) is one of the most important field-grown vegetable crops in eastern Canada. The objective here was to report on the agronomic and horticultural potential of available genotypes in this region. Results from a 3-yr trial of 16 genotypes indicated a wide range of variation for all traits. Three Canadian and two European genotypes were ranked highest, employing a composite index of several traits, including clubroot tolerance. Clubroot tolerance is a major determinant of overall phenotype in eastern Canada, and future breeding programs should consider the importance of this trait. Key words: Swede, Newfoundland, Brassica napus ssp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk, clubroot, Plasmodiophora brassicae

scholarly journals Lentil Ascochyta blight and breeding for its resistance

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ye ◽  
D.L. McNeil ◽  
G.D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pathogen Populations

This paper summarises existing studies of the genetics of resistance of lentils to Ascochyta blight and the genetic variation among pathogen populations with particular emphasis on the results from our programme Breeding methods are discussed Six pathotypes have been identified Resistance is mainly under the control of major genes but minor genes also play a role Current breeding programs are based on crossing resistant cultivars with high yield cultivars and multilocation testing Gene pyramiding exploring slow blighting and partial resistance and the use of genes from wild relatives will be the methods used in future

scholarly journals Study of the genetic and phenotypic variation among wild and cultivated clary sages provides interesting avenues for breeding programs of a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0248954
Author(s):  
Camille Chalvin ◽  
Stéphanie Drevensek ◽  
Christel Chollet ◽  
Françoise Gilard ◽  
Edita M. Šolić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Essential Oil Production

A road-map of the genetic and phenotypic diversities in both crops and their wild related species can help identifying valuable genetic resources for further crop breeding. The clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant, is used for sclareol production and ornamental purposes. Despite its wide use in the field of cosmetics, the phenotypic and genetic diversity of wild and cultivated clary sages remains to be explored. We characterized the genetic and phenotypic variation of a collection of six wild S. sclarea populations from Croatia, sampled along an altitudinal gradient, and, of populations of three S. sclarea cultivars. We showed low level of genetic diversity for the two S. sclarea traditional cultivars used for essential oil production and for ornamental purposes, respectively. In contrast, a recent cultivar resulting from new breeding methods, which involve hybridizations among several genotypes rather than traditional recurrent selection and self-crosses over time, showed high genetic diversity. We also observed a marked phenotypic differentiation for the ornamental clary sage compared with other cultivated and wild clary sages. Instead, the two cultivars used for essential oil production, a traditional and a recent one, respectively, were not phenotypically differentiated from the wild Croatian populations. Our results also featured some wild populations with high sclareol content and early-flowering phenotypes as good candidates for future breeding programs. This study opens up perspectives for basic research aiming at understanding the impact of breeding methods on clary sage evolution, and highlights interesting avenues for clary breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genotypic values and genetic correlations for components and oil content of bunch of hybrids between caiaué and dendê

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ferraiolo de Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Antônio José de Abreu Pina ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

Interspecific hybridization between Elaeis oleiferaand Elaeisguineensis(HIE OxG) is explored in plant breeding programs to meet the demand for resistant cultivars to fatal yellowing, which is the biggest phytosanitary problem in E. guineensisplants in South America, including Brazil. In addition to resistance to fatal yellowing, cultivars should have high oil yield, which depends directly on bunch production and oil content in the bunches (O/FFB). The obtaining of genetic gains in O/FFBfor OxG requires information on the genotypic values of the breeding population and the understanding of how the components of the bunch are related to this characteristic in this type of material. Thus, the objective of this work was toestimate genotypic values and genetic correlations for bunch components and analyze the potential of using these components in the selection of gains for O/FFB. The physical composition and oil content in mesocarp of 840 bunches from 39 HIE OxG F1 progenies were analyzed. Genotypic values for bunch components were estimated using the procedure REML/BLUP andwere obtained from genetic correlations between them. All evaluated components presented genetic variation with possibility of gains through selection, especially the oil content in the bunch (O/FFB), which presented variability above 23%. The selection for O/FFBwill mainly result in bunches with a higher fruit proportion over the weight of the bunch (TF/FFB), greater oil contents in mesocarp of normal and parthenocarpic fruits, and lower proportion of empty spikelets. Considering the high and positive correlations between O/FFBand the evaluated characteristics and the practicality of evaluation, the characteristics with higher potential for indirect selection to increase O/FFBare TF/FFBand proportion of mesocarp in normal fruits.

scholarly journals Plant Breeding Integrated with Genomic-Enabled Prediction

OBM Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Siamak Shirani Bidabadi ◽  
◽  
Parisa Sharifi ◽  
S. Mohan Jain ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Conventional Breeding

Plant breeding programs have used conventional breeding methods, such as hybridization, induced mutations, and other methods to manipulate the plant genome within the species' natural genetic boundaries to improve crop varieties. However, repeatedly using conventional breeding methods might lead to the erosion of the gene reservoir, thereby rendering crops vulnerable to environmental stresses and hampering future progress in crop production, food and nutritional security, and socio-economic benefits. Integrating innovative technologies in breeding programs to accelerate gene flow is critical for sustaining global plant production. Genomic prediction is a promising tool to assist the rapid selection of premiere genotypes and accelerate breeding gains for climate-resilient plant varieties. This review surveys the annals and principles of genomic-enabled prediction. Based on the problem that is investigated through the prediction, as well as several other factors, such as trait heritability, the relationship between the individuals to be predicted and those used to train the models for prediction, the number of markers, sample size, and the interaction between genotype and environment, different levels of accuracy have been reported. Genomic prediction might play a decisive role and facilitate gene flow from gene bank accessions to elite lines in future breeding programs.

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