Predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada with soil nitrate determinations

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
J. R. Walsh ◽  
J. E. Richards ◽  
P. H. Milburn ◽  
N. Ziadi
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content

Nitrogen greatly affects potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) yield, but excess N can result in environmental degradation. In this study soil nitrate (NO3-N) content was determined pre-plant to predict fertilizer N requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada and in mid-season to adjust N fertilization during the growing season. Soil NO3-N contents were measured to a 0.30-m depth in spring prior to planting at four on-farm sites in each of 3 yr (1995 to 1997) in the upper St. John River Valley of New Brunswick, Canada. Mid-season soil NO3-N contents at a 0–0.30 m depth were also determined (32–47 days after planting) at two sites in three N treatments in 1995 (0, 50, and 250 kg N ha-1) and in four N treatments in 1996 and 1997 (0, 50, 100, and 250 kg N ha-1). The yield response of potatoes to six rates of N fertilization (0–250 kg N ha-1) with and without supplemental irrigation was used to determine the economically optimum N application (Nop). The pre-plant spring soil NO3-N test alone could not adequately predict the N requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada; the Nop and relative yield were poorly correlated (0.07 < R2< 0.52) with spring soil NO3-N content. The mid-season soil NO3-N test, however, could be used to determine the need for supplemental N fertilizer; NO3-N content correlated well (0.44 < R2< 0.68) with the relative yield for total and marketable yield. We suggest a critical mid-season value of 80 mg NO3-N kg-1 soil for marketable yield, above which additional N application might not be necessary. Key Words: N fertilizer, nitrate, Nop, relative yield, Solanum tuberosum, critical value

Apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery and residual soil nitrate under continuous potato cropping: Effect of N fertilization rate and timing

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N Cambouris ◽  
B J Zebarth ◽  
M C Nolin ◽  
M R Laverdière
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
N Rates

Adequate nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial to optimize yield and quality of potato and also to minimize N environmental losses. Effects of rates and timing of N fertilizer on residual soil nitrate (RSN) [NO3-N, 0-0.7 m], soil solution nitrate (SWN) concentrations and apparent fertilizer nitrogen recovery (Nrec) by potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers were evaluated from 1999 to 2001. Two sites representative of the management zones (MZ) previously delineated by apparent soil electrical conductivity and differing in soil water availability were selected. The MZ differed primarily with depth to a clayey substratum, with average values of 1.06 m and 1.34 m in the shallow MZ (SMZ) and in the deep MZ (DMZ), respectively. At each site, a trial with 21 treatments including five rates of ammonium nitrate (0–200 kg N ha-1 in 1999; 0–240 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001) was conducted. Each N rate was applied according to five application timings (100, 75, 50, 25 or 0% of N applied at planting with the remainder at hilling). The effects of N rates and timing on Nrec, RSN and SWN sometimes differed between sites. The Nrec was less responsive to N rates and timing in the SMZ site compared with the DMZ site. Application of the same rate of fertilizer N generally resulted in higher values of RSN at harvest in the SMZ site compared with the DMZ site. Measured SWN was higher in the DMZ than in the SMZ on several occasions in 1999 and 2001, indicating greater nitrate (NO3) leaching in the DMZ site compared with the SMZ site. Different site-specific N management regimes could thus be used at the two sites to improve N use efficiency and to limit the risk of NO3 leaching. However, the temporal variability in the measured parameters, influenced mainly by climatic conditions, was greater than the spatial N variability and this emphasizes the fact that a dynamic model of the N status based on the soil and/or the plant is a prerequisite to help growers to adjust the N fertilizer application within fields and seasons. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, apparent soil electrical conductivity, suction lysimeter

Evaluation of different nitrogen use efficiency indices using field-grown green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L Van
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Use Efficiency

The effects of increasing nitrogen (N) fertilization on N use efficiency (NUE) and yield of green bell pepper were assessed in five field experiments over 2004 and 2005. These data were used to evaluate and contrast conclusions drawn from among 12 different NUE indices. In two diferent years (i.e., cool/wet vs. warm/dry), marketable yield response to N application was either positive or no response was observed. Total percent N in the fruit and shoot was lower in non-fertilized plants compared with plants grown in plots that received 70 or 210 kg N ha-1. There were considerable differences among locations in soil mineral N, yield, NUE, and plant N uptake and removal. For all eight fertilizer- and soil-based NUE indices assessed, NUE decreased as N application increased. However, for plant-based NUE indices, there was no difference in NUE values between N treatments. Thus, the interpretation and applicability of NUE depends on the goals of the research and the index used. Key words: Nutrient use efficiency, green bell peppers, harvest index, nitrogen, fertilizer, vegetable

scholarly journals 303 Pre-sidedress Soil Nitrate Concentrations and Yield Response to Fertilizer Applications in Processing Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444A-444
Author(s):  
H.H. Krusekopf ◽  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
D.M. May ◽  
E.M. Miyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Processing Tomato

Overuse of chemical N fertilizers has been linked to nitrate contamination of both surface and ground water. Excessive fertilizer use is also an economic loss to the farmer. Typical N application rates for processing tomato production in California's Central Valley are 150-250 kg·ha-1, and growers generally fail to fully consider the field-specific effects of residual soil NO3-N concentration, or N mineralization potential of the soil. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of sidedress N fertilizer application, residual soil NO3-N, and in-season N mineralization, on processing tomato yield. Research was conducted during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons at 16 field sites. Pre-sidedress soil nitrate concentration was determined at each trial site to a depth of 1 m, and aerobic incubation tests were conducted on these soils (top 0.3 m depth) to estimate N mineralization rate. Sidedress fertilizer was applied at six incremental rates from 0 to 280 kg N/ha, with six replications of each treatment per field. Only five fields showed yield response to fertilizer application; yield response to fertilizer was associated with lower pre-sidedress soil nitrate levels. In most fields with fertilizer response, yield was not increased with sidedress N application above 56 kg·ha-1. Mineralization was estimated to contribute an average of ≈60 kg N/ha between sidedressing and harvest. These results suggest that N fertilizer inputs could be reduced substantially below current industry norms without lowering yields, especially in fields with higher residual soil nitrate levels.

scholarly journals Pre-sidedress Soil Nitrate Testing Identifies Processing Tomato Fields Not Requiring Sidedress N Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Krusekopf ◽  
J.P. Mitchell ◽  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
D.M. May ◽  
E.M. Miyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
N Application ◽  
Processing Tomato

Overuse of chemical N fertilizers has been linked to nitrate contamination of both surface and ground water. Excessive use of fertilizer also is an economic loss to the farmer. Typical N application rates for processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in California are 150 to 250 kg·ha-1. The contributions of residual soil NO3-N and in-season N mineralization to plant nutrient status are generally not included in fertilizer input calculations, often resulting in overuse of fertilizer. The primary goal of this research was to determine if the pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) could identify fields not requiring sidedress N application to achieve maximum tomato yield; a secondary goal was to evaluate tissue N testing currently used for identifying post-sidedress plant N deficiencies. Field experiments were conducted during 1998 and 1999. Pre-sidedress soil nitrate concentrations were determined to a depth of 60 cm at 10 field sites. N mineralization rate was estimated by aerobic incubation test. Sidedress fertilizer was applied at six incremental rates from 0 to 280 kg·ha-1 N, with six replications per field. At harvest, only four fields showed a fruit yield response to fertilizer application. Within the responsive fields, fruit yields were not increased with sidedress N application above 112 kg·ha-1. Yield response to sidedress N did not occur in fields with pre-sidedress soil NO3-N levels >16 mg·kg-1. Soil sample NO3-N levels from 30 cm and 60 cm sampling depth were strongly correlated. Mineralization was estimated to contribute an average of 60 kg·ha-1 N between sidedressing and harvest. Plant tissue NO3-N concentration was found to be most strongly correlated to plant N deficiency at fruit set growth stage. Dry petiole NO3-N was determined to be a more accurate indicator of plant N status than petiole sap NO3-N measured by a nitrate-selective electrode. The results from this study suggested that N fertilizer inputs could be reduced substantially below current industry norms without reducing yields in fields identified by the PSNT as having residual pre-sidedress soil NO3-N levels >16 mg·kg-1 in the top 60 cm.

Screening and comprehensive evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) germplasm resources for nitrogen efficiency in Xinjiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Chunping Jia ◽  
Fengbin Wang ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Panicle Number

AbstractComprehensive screening of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) germplasm resources with different nitrogen (N) efficiency levels is effective for improving N use efficiency (NUE) while reducing pollution and providing high quality, yield, and efficiency agriculture. We investigated 14 indices of 38 varieties under three N application levels to assess differences among genotypes. Rice varieties were classified for screening and identifying N efficient. Descriptive statistical analysis results indicated significant differences in relative yield, and also in NUE indices (agronomic utilization rate and partial productivity of N fertilizer). The genotype main effects and genotype–environment interaction effects (GGE) biplot analysis was used to evaluate suitable varieties, compare the stable and high yield capabilities of different varieties, find the ideal variety, and describe the correlation, discrimination and representativeness of the indices under different N application levels. Descriptive statistical, discrimitiveness and representativeness and factor analysis were used to select indices, in which the panicle number per plant and soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value were the key indices for evaluation and identification. Heatmap and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the average value of evaluation indices, and scatter plot based on the comprehensive value of N efficiency (P) according to formula showed that all varieties could be divided into five types under different N treatments. Our findings work toward developing N efficient rice varieties to improve NUE, reduce N fertilizer application and thus N waste, consequently mitigating the effects of rice production on the environment to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Yield response of potatoes to variable nitrogen management by landform element and in relation to petiole nitrogen – A case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Moulin ◽  
Y. Cohen ◽  
V. Alchanatis ◽  
N. Tremblay ◽  
K. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Concentration

Moulin, A. P., Cohen, Y., Alchanatis, V., Tremblay, N. and Volkmar, K. 2012. Yield response of potatoes to variable nitrogen management by landform element and in relation to petiole nitrogen – A case study. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 771–781. Recent increases in the cost of fertilizer N have prompted producers to assess the potential to vary inputs within fields and during the growing season to produce the highest marketable yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). A study was conducted from 2005 to 2007 near Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, to assess the spatial variability of potato yield in upper, middle and lower landform elements on a sandy loam soil in response to a range of N fertilizer rates applied in the spring or in combination with an application during the growing season. There was no clear trend with respect to the effect of landform on potato yield. Nitrogen fertilizer increased total and marketable yield relative to the control at rates from 75 to 225 kg ha−1in split applications or applied at seeding. No significant interaction between landform and fertilizer treatment was observed. Petiole N concentration, determined late in the growing season, was correlated with potato yield though the correlation varied considerably between years. Petiole leaflet N concentration was affected by fertilizer on most sampling dates, but decreased with time during the growing season. We conclude that although N fertilizer could be applied during the growing season based on petiole leaflet N concentration deficiencies in mid-July, there is no clear difference in potato yield due to split application relative to spring applications of N fertilizer at rates of 75 kg ha−1or greater based on landform elements for potato production, likely due to the short growing season in western Canada.

scholarly journals Pre-sidedress Soil Nitrate Test Is Effective for Fall Cabbage

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Heckman ◽  
Thomas Morris ◽  
J. Thomas Sims ◽  
Joseph B. Sieczka ◽  
Uta Krogmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Relationship

The pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) was evaluated in 27 fields in New Jersey, 6 in Connecticut, 5 in Delaware, and 2 on Long Island in New York for its ability to predict whether sidedress N is needed to grow fall cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) as a double crop. Soil NO3-N concentrations measured on 20 field sites on the day of transplanting and 14 days after transplanting indicated that NO3-N concentrations over this time period increased, and that residues from the previous crop were not causing immobilization of soil mineral N. The relationship between soil NO3-N concentration measured 14 days after transplanting and relative yield of marketable cabbage heads was examined using Cate-Nelson analysis to define the PSNT critical level. Soil NO3-N concentrations ≥24 mg·kg-1 were associated with relative yields >92%. The success rate for the PSNT critical concentration was 84% for predicting whether sidedress N was needed. Soil NO3-N concentrations below the PSNT critical level are useful for inversely adjusting sidedress N fertilizer recommendations. The PSNT can reliably determine whether fall cabbage needs sidedress N fertilizer and the practice of soil NO3-N testing may be extendable to other cole crops with similar N requirements.

Season of year effect on response of orchardgrass to N fertilizer in a maritime climate

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bittman ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko ◽  
D. E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

This study compared the response of harvests taken in May, June, August and September-October in terms of crop responses (yield, N uptake, and concentrations of crude protein and nitrate) to N fertilizer and residual soil nitrate and ammonium. Three trials were conducted in south coastal British Columbia in 1990–1992 to evaluate the response of an established sward of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) to a range of N fertilizer rates. Both yields and daily crop growth rates were highest in cut 1, lowest in cut 4 and intermediate in cuts 2 and 3. For all four cuts, 95 and 90% of maximum yield was attained at about 136 and 82 kg ha-1 of applied N, respectively. Crop N supply from non-fertilizer sources ranged from 36 to 90 kg N ha-1, of which about 52% was attributed to nitrate present in the soil prior to growth and about 48% was N released from the soil, translocated from roots or deposited from the atmosphere. At 95% of maximum yield, crude protein concentrations ranged from 147 g kg-1 in the higher yielding cut 1 to 189 g kg-1 in cuts 2 and 4, while at 90% of maximum yield concentrations were 10 g kg-1 lower in each cut. Plant nitrate concentrations were close to levels that are toxic to cattle for the 95% target yield, but relatively safe at the 90% yield. The crop removed about 50 kg ha-1 more N when fertilized for 95% of maximum yield than for 90%, which translates to over 300 kg ha-1 more crude protein. High relative yield leaves behind more soil nitrate after harvest. The results suggest that the first cut should be managed for 95% of maximum yield with about 130 kg N ha-1. Cuts 2 and 3 should be managed for 90% of maximum yield, to avoid high plant nitrate concentrations, with 100–110 kg N ha-1. Cut 4 should be given no more than 50 kg N ha-1 for less than 90% of maximum yield because of the risk of residual soil nitrates. This study shows for the first time the benefits and disadvantages of applying N at different rates for each harvest over the growing season. Key words: Plant nitrate, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen recovery, Dactylis glomerata, relative yield, maximum economic yield

The effect of interval between harvests and nitrogen application on the proportion and yield of crop fractions and on the digestibility and digestible yield and nitrogen content and yield of two perennial ryegrass varieties in the second harvest year

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
A. Koocheki ◽  
A. B. Lwoga
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
June July

SummaryThe effect of six intervals between harvests and three levels of N application on the dry-matter yield of total herbage, the proportion and yield of green leaf, dead leaf, ‘stem’ and inflorescence of the sown species, the proportion and yield of unsown species, the digestibility and digestible yield and N content and yield was studied in S. 23 and S. 321 perennial ryegrass during a 30-week period in the second harvest year in a field experiment. In S. 23 the ‘stem’ was divided into true stem, leaf sheath, unemerged leaf and unemerged inflorescence.The results supported the main findings from the first harvest year (Wilman et al. 1976a, b).There was marked ingress of unsown species in the second harvest year with 3-, 4- and 5-week intervals in S. 321. The combination of 262–5 or 525 kg N/ha/year and 8- and particularly 10-week intervals over 2 years was too severe a treatment for the satisfactory survival of S. 23. With 525 kg N and 10-week intervals, S. 321 was equally badly affeoted.The application of 525 kg N/ha/year compared with nil reduced the proportion of green leaf in total herbage of the sown species by 11 percentage units, on average, and increased the proportion of ‘stem’ by 12 percentage units, in the second harvest year. The effect of N application on the proportion of crop fractions was found in both varieties and in all months of harvest. The effect was much greater than in the first harvest year. In S. 23 the application of 525 kg N compared with nil in the second harvest year increased the proportions of both true stem and leaf sheath (in total herbage of the sown species), true stem being the more important of the two, in this context, with the longer intervals and leaf sheath being the more important with the short intervals.Digestibility was not in general affected by N application despite the higher proportion of stem and leaf sheath and the lower proportion of green leaf blade resulting from N application. N did, however, tend to reduce digestibility at the harvests at which the proportion of stem was highest.Digestibility varied from one time of the year to another with a constant interval between harvests, but not as much as in the previous year. Lower digestibility of leafy crops in summer and autumn than in April and early May in both years may have been partly due to a higher proportion of dead material.Three periods were distinguished approximately in both years: May-June, July-August, and September-October. Only in the first of these periods was there a substantial increase in yield of digestible organic matter as a result of doubling the interval between harvests. Doubling the interval reduced digestibility in all three periods, but especially at harvests within the second period. Yield response to N was large in the first period, intermediate in the second, and low in the third. Apparent recovery of N was low and N content of herbage unduly high in the third period. N content of herbage was low with the long intervals between harvests at harvests in the first two periods. Applied N increased N content at these harvests and at all other times.

Utilisation de l'engrais azoté marqué au 15N par le maïs selon les modes d'application et les doses d'azote

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Sen Tran ◽  
Marcel Giroux ◽  
Michel P. Cescas
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
N Rates

The main objective of this study was to compare the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizer by different methods of N application and N rates. Field experiments were carried out for 3 yr at Saint-Hyacinthe (Saint-Damase, Du Contour, Sainte-Rosalie soils) and at Saint-Lambert, Lévis (Le Bras soil). Grain corn (cv. Pride K228, 2700 CHU) and silage corn (cv. Hyland 3251, 2300 CHU) were grown at Saint-Hyacinthe and Saint-Lambert, respectively. In 1988 and 1989, field trials were arranged in a randomized complete bloc design consisting of five treatments in three replications: control 0 N and four split application methods of N fertilizer. Labelled 15NH4 15NO3 fertilizer was applied either banded at planting as starter (D), broadcast and incorporated before planting (Vs) or sidedressing between rows at V6 to V8 stages of corn (Bp). In 1990 field trials, treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1) labelled with 15NH4 15NO3. The effect of N rates on yield and N uptake by corn was significant in all years. However, the effect of application methods was significant only on the soil Du Contour in 1989 where corn grain yield was highest when N fertilizer was split as starter and sidedress band. The CUR of N fertilizer applied broadcast before planting (42 to 48%) was generally lower than sidedressing band application (43 to 54%). N fertilizer recovery in the starter showed also high CUR values (45 to 60%). Consequently, it is recommended to split N fertilizers and apply in band to increase efficiency for grain corn. The CUR values decreased with N rates only in Le Bras soil in 1990. Residual N fertilizer increased from 27 to 103 kg N ha−1 for 60 and 180 kg N ha−1 rates, respectively. Consequently, the environmental impact of N fertilization may increased with high N rate. Key words: Grain corn, silage corn, 15N recovery, fertilizer N split application

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