Rhizobial inoculant formulations and soil pH influence field pea nodulation and nitrogen fixation

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Rice ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
P. E. Olsen ◽  
N. Z. Lupwayi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Inoculant

Crop production systems that include field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in rotation are important for sustainable agriculture on acid soils in northwestern Canada. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the ability of liquid inoculant applied to the seed, powdered peat inoculant applied to the seed, and granular inoculant applied in a band with the seed to establish effective nodulation on field pea grown at soil pH(H2O) 4.4, 5.4 and 6.6. Plants were grown to the flat pod stage, and then total plant biomass dry weight, dry weight of nodules, number of nodules, plant nitrogen content, and proportion of plant nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) were measured. Granular and powdered peat inoculants produced greater nodule numbers and weight, plant nitrogen content, %Ndfa and total biomass than liquid inoculant in at least two of the three experiments. Only granular inoculant was effective in establishing nodules at soil pH 4.4, but granular and powdered peat inoculants were effective at pH 5.4, and all three formulations were effective at pH 6.6. The results showed that granular inoculant has potential for effective nodulation of field pea grown on acid soil. Key words: Rhizobium, inoculant formulations, field pea, nodulation, acid soil

scholarly journals Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽  
Jiu-Yu Li ◽  
Chen-Yang Xu ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ren-Kou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Dry Land

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a serious constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. Regardless of other common existing concerns in acidic Ultisols of southern China, it needs to be investigated whether soil acidity has any effect on wheat and canola growth. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber, with a completely randomized design. A soil pH gradient ranging from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5, with three replications, was used as a treatment. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 2.36 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.

Effect of weed management on weeds, and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Effects of one pre-emergence herbicide (terbutryn/terbuthylazine) and one post-emergence herbicide (bentazone) along with unweeded and hand-weeded controls on weeds and on the nodulation, nitrogenase activity, nitrogen content, growth and yield of pea (Pisum sativum) were studied. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine was applied pre-emergence @ 1.40, 2.80 and 5.60 kg/hawhereas bentazone was sprayed 6 weeks after sowing @ 1.44, 2.88 and 5.76 kg/h. Terbutryn/terbuthylazine controlled all the weeds very effectively, whereas bentazone did not control some weeds such as Polygonum aviculare, Poa annua and Elymus repens. The herbicides decreased the number of nodules, the dry weight of nodules, the nitrogenase activity, the shoot dry weight, the nitrogen content in the straw and seeds, and the seed yield of peas, the effects generally being higher at higher rates of application. The adverse effects of herbicides on these parameters might be due to their effects on plant growth, as both the herbicides are known to adversely affect photosynthesis. Nitrogenase activity did not correlate well with plant-N content or shoot dry weight. However, there was a strong relationship between plant biomass and plant-N content, which suggests that researchers can rely on these parameters for studying the effects of treatments on nitrogen fixation, rather than measuring nitrogenase activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Quality Seedlings

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Shahrina Akhtar ◽  
Jalal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A study was conducted to evaluate 100 chickpea genotypes to explore their genetic diversity in respect of emergence and growth attributes. A high genotypic variation was observed in the characters studied. The highest positive correlation corresponded to the root mass and total plant biomass of the seedlings. Seedling biomass production was highly subjective to seedling vigor. Using discriminant function analysis, the first two functions contributed 46.2 and 39.0%, and altogether 85.2% of the variability among the genotypes. Function 1 was positively related to dry weight of root and total plants. The character with the greatest weight on function 2 was seedling emergence rate. The total dry weight of seedlings played the most dominant role in explaining the maximum variance in the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Each cluster had specific seedling characteristics and the clusters 5 and 6 were closely related and clearly separated from clusters 1 and 4 for their higher amount of root and total biomass production, and vigorous seedlings, where as, the genotypes in cluster 2 and 3 were intermediate. The genotypes in cluster 5 followed by cluster 6 appeared to be important resources for selecting and developing chickpea variety. Keywords: Chickpea; genotypes; seedling; quality DOI: 10.3329/agric.v8i2.7584 The Agriculturists 8(2): 108-116 (2010)

Expression of bacterial glutamine synthetase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana increases the plant biomass and level of nitrogen utilization

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenguang Zhu ◽  
Guimin Zhang ◽  
Chunlei Shen ◽  
Shilin Chen ◽  
Yuanping Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels

AbstractChanges in expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) have effect on plant nitrogen metabolism. In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency, several attempts at over-expressing GS II genes in plants have been previously undertaken, however few GSI and III genes are found such application. In this study, two GS I genes were cloned from bacterial strains and were transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the genes was confirmed under both mRNA and protein levels. Phenotypic studies revealed that all transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed enhanced fresh weight (12%) and dry weight (13%) compared with the wild-type plants at two concentrations of nitrate supplies. Further biochemical characterization confirmed that the transgenic lines had higher total nitrogen content (increased by 5-8%), soluble protein concentration (increased by 7-11%), total amino acid content (increased by 4-8%), leaf GS activity (enhanced by 8-14%) and free NO

scholarly journals Effect of waste Al-phosphate on soil and plant  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaizah NR ◽  
D. Cakmak ◽  
E. Saljnikov ◽  
G. Roglic ◽  
N. Kokovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Alternative Sources

Irreplaceability of phosphorus as a necessary macroelement in crop production is due to limited resources and costly processing of ores and immobilization in soil, which force for seeking an alternative sources or the use of waste materials. In this paper, the waste aluminum phosphate from pharmaceutical factory used as phosphate fertilizer and its effects were compared with other phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate and rock phosphate). Except the analysis of available phosphorus (AL-method) the sequential extraction of phosphorus (modified Chang and Jackson) and sequential extraction of aluminum (modified Tessier) were performed. The experimental plant was mustard (Sinapis alba). The pot experiment was carried out on two soil types: Stagnosol and Vertisol. Application of phosphorus with aluminum phosphate had the same effect as the application of other phosphatic fertilizers in both soil types. In Stagnosol Al-phosphate directly influenced the increase in plant fresh weight by 39% and dry weight by 43% compared to the control, and also decreased the content of mobile Al for 40% and Pb for 47% in plant biomass. Based on these results, the use of waste aluminum phosphate has a potential to be used as a phosphorus fertilizer under given conditions.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a new Canadian spring wheat sub-model for DNDC

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kröbel ◽  
W. Smith ◽  
B. Grant ◽  
R. Desjardins ◽  
C. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Biomass Plant ◽  
Better Than

Kröbel, R., Smith, W. N., Grant, B. B., Desjardins, R. L., Campbell, C. A., Tremblay, N., Li, C. S., Zentner, R. P. and McConkey, B. G. 2011. Development and evaluation of a new Canadian spring wheat sub-model for DNDC. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 503–520. In this paper, the ability of the DNDC model (version 93) to predict biomass production, grain yield and plant nitrogen content was assessed using data from experiments at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and St-Blaise, Quebec, Canada. While predicting wheat grain yields reasonably well, the model overestimated the growth of above-ground plant biomass and nitrogen uptake during the first half of the growing season. A new spring wheat sub-model (DNDC-CSW) was introduced with a modified plant biomass growth curve, dynamic plant C/N ratios and modified plant biomass fractioning curves. DNDC-CSW performed considerably better in simulating plant biomass [modeling efficiency (EF): 0.75, average relative error (ARE): 6.0%] and plant nitrogen content (EF: 0.61, ARE: −2.7%) at Swift Current and St-Blaise (EF of 0.75 and ARE of 2.3%), compared with DNDC 93 (biomass SC: EF 0.49, ARE 17.1%, SB: EF 0.02 ARE 33.4%). In comparison with DNDC 93, DNDC-CSW better captured inter-annual variations in crop growth for a range of wheat rotations, increasing the EF from 0.32 to 0.52 for grain and from 0.35 to 0.39 for straw yields. DNDC-CSW also performed considerably better than DNDC 93 in estimating soil carbon changes at Swift Current. Hence, DNDC-CSW has the potential to improve the performance of DNDC 93 in simulating wheat biomass, plant nitrogen, yield and soil carbon at various Canadian sites.

Influence of soil pH and climate on the tolerances of barley and wheat to chlorsulfuron

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
AR Leys ◽  
CR Kidd ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

The effects of soil pH and seasonal conditions on the responses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to chlorsulfuron were investigated at 3 sites in southern New South Wales in 1986, 1987 and 1988. The sites varied in soil pH (4.3-6.2) and annual rainfall (360-560 mm). In addition to the variation in soil pH between sites, 2 surface pH levels were obtained at each site by the addition of lime. The effect of post-emergence applications of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, 30.0 and 37.5 g a.i./ha chlorsulfuron on the yield of weed-free barley and wheat varied with season, site and the addition of lime. The yield reduction was greatest in 1986, and the extent of the reduction was always greater in barley than wheat. In 1986, a recommended rate of chlorsulfuron (15 g a.i./ha) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the grain yield of barley at all sites by up to 18% and of wheat by up to 13%. Therefore, the reduced tolerance of barley and wheat to chlorsulfuron in some seasons was not restricted to the acid soils. Significant lime x chlorsulfuron interactions occurred with barley in 3 of the 9 trials, but the interactions were not consistent. At Ariah Park in 1986, grain yield reductions were greatest in unamended soils, while at both Ariah Park and Goolgowi in 1987, grain yield reductions were greatest with the limed plots. There were no significant interactions for wheat. In pot trials the effect of chlorsulfuron on the shoot dry weight of barley varied with soil type. However, there was no direct relationship between soil pH and dry weight reduction. When the pH of an acid soil was amended by liming to give soils with pH of 4.1-7.3, there was a trend to more damage at pH values of 5-6. With 4 soils of different pH and texture, there was less damage in the barley grown in soils of pH 7.3 and 7.4 than in soils of pH 4.1 and 6.0. While these results suggest that soil pH affects the tolerance of barley to chlorsulfuron, it is likely that soil pH is of less importance than other edaphic or climatic factors.

scholarly journals Integrated Acid Soil Management for Growth, Nodulation, and Nutrient Uptake of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Lay Gayint District, Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Endalkachew Fekadu ◽  
Kibebew Kibret ◽  
Asmare Melese
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Higher Plant

Soil acidity is one of the forms of soil degradation affecting sustainable crop production adversely in the Ethiopian highlands. In order to contribute to soil acidity amelioration and crop productivity improvement on acid soils, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lime, mineral P, FYM, compost, and rhizobium on growth, nodulation, and nutrient uptake of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in cultivated acid soil under greenhouse conditions. Twenty treatments were tested in isolations as well as suitable combinations. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that application of 8 t FYM·ha−1 + 30 kg P·ha−1 + 5 t lime·ha−1 produced significantly (P<0.001) higher plant height (58.67 cm), number of branches (13.78) and leaves per plant (37.11), shoot dry weight (5.14 g per plant), tissue N (3.83%) and P (0.219) contents and uptakes, and soil N (0.28%) and P (7.61 mg·Kg−1) after harvest. However, significant increases (P<0.001) in nodule number (153.33) and nodule dry weight (131.33 mg per plant) were obtained due to application of 4 t FYM·ha−1 + 15 kg P·ha−1 + 10 t lime·ha−1. The increased above-ground biomass, and nodulation could be due reducing soil acidity, and the supply of N, P, and other nutrients in FYM through mineralization. Therefore, combined use of lime, FYM, and P fertilizers could improve the growth characteristics, nodulation, and nutrient uptake of faba bean in acid soil of Lay Gayint district. However, the treatments should be tested in the field to verify the greenhouse results.

scholarly journals The effect of bottom sediment on biomass production by Italian ryegrass and maize

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wiśniowska-Kielian
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The Individual

The effect of bottom sediment on biomass production by Italian ryegrass and maize A two-year pot experiment (2005 and 2006) was conducted to estimate an effect of dredged bottom sediment from Rożnów Reservoir addition to the light, very acid soil on the plant biomass production. The sediment was applied in the amount from 1 to 20% of the substratum mass. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were cultivated as the successive test plants. The lowest amount of plant biomass was obtained on the soil (control) and each sediment addition to the substratum caused an increase of the biomass production, both tops as well as the roots of the plant. Larger sediment additions (7% and more) caused a significant increase of the yield, of both the individual plant species and the total biomass during the two years of the experiment. The bottom sediment added to the light, very acid soil distinctly improved the plant yielding and the way of biomass utilisation should be assessed on the basis of its chemical composition analysis.

scholarly journals Fine mapping and candidate gene identification of a soybean seed protein and oil QTL from a wild soybean accession and linkage analysis for whole plant biomass, carbon, nitrogen, and seed composition using a RIL mapping population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Whole Plant

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivars have low genetic variation due to domestication, founder events, and selection strategies for modern plant breeding. There is a need to introduce genetic diversity into soybean cultivars for long-term improvement of agronomic and seed compositional traits. In both public and private soybean breeding programs, the introgression of wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold and Zucc.) genes has been utilized to incorporate novel genetic diversity. In our study, 3,015 single F[subscript 4:9] soybean plants were genotyped for nine genotype-by-sequencing markers from a previous genetic mapping study on recombinant inbred lines (La, 2018) to create two residual heterozygotes derived near isogenic lines (RHD-NIL) populations. The first RHD-NIL population was selected for a novel oil quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 8 and the second RHD-NIL population was selected for a novel protein QTL on chromosome 14. Both novel QTL derived from the wild soybean accession PI 593983. The objective of this research is to validate these QTL, reduce the QTL interval, and fine map the two novel QTL for candidate gene identification. Single marker analysis and linkage analysis was conducted using SoySNP6K BeadChip markers for QTL validation. The chromosome 8 oil QTL was not advanced for fine mapping because the QTL was not validated in a subsequent field and greenhouse study. Whole genome resequencing was leveraged to reduce the QTL from 16.5 Mbp to approximately 4.6 Mbp and to fine map 50 high protein RHD-NIL, which have segregated for the validated chromosome 14 QTL to permit candidate gene identification. A total of 55 potential candidates was identified in a physical interval of 8,059,955 to 12,648,760 bp. Our results provide a better insight of utilizing wild soybean as a source of genetic diversity for soybean cultivar improvement. In addition to the fine mapping and candidate gene identification study, we conducted linkage analysis for a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population for plant biomass content, whole plant carbon content, whole plant nitrogen content, seed oil content, and seed protein content. Soybean seeds require a large amount of nitrogen because of its high protein content. Through a symbiotic association between soil microorganisms and soybean root nodules, soybean is able to fix atmospheric dinitrogen for nitrogen uptake. Plant biomass was collected by bulking five soybean shoot samples per plot from 262 plots in four locations and bulking three soybean shoots samples per plot from 262 plots in one location. Plant materials were dried and weighed for whole plant biomass weight. Whole plant carbon content, whole plant nitrogen content, seed oil content, and seed protein content was analyzed via near infrared spectroscopy. The objective of this study was to examine nitrogen mobilization from a mapping population from the cross PI 361103 (contains high shoot N content and low seed N content) x PI 567572B (contains high seed N content and low shoot N content), identify QTL for plant biomass, whole plant carbon content, whole plant nitrogen content, and seed composition, and study maternal effects of cytoplasmic inheritance of the five traits from the reciprocal parental cross. Linkage analysis was conducted using BARCSoySNP50K markers. We identified six QTL for plant biomass, two QTL for whole plant carbon content, three QTL for whole plant nitrogen content, three QTL for seed oil content, and five QTL for seed protein content, with multiple traits having overlapping QTL intervals. Our results indicate QTL associated with multiple traits demonstrating the potential of pleiotropic effect in our mapping population.

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