Treatment of Secondary Fry Ash by Melting and Reduction Process.

Bimetallic nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) were synthesized at room temperature using Curcumin. Reduction process of silver and gold ions with different molar ratios leads to production of different nanostructures including alloys and core-shells. Produced nanoparticles were characterized simultaneously with FTIR, UV/vis. spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX). UV/vis. optical absorption spectra of as synthesized nanoparticles reveals presence of surface palsmon resonance (SPR) of both silver at (425 nm) and gold at (540 nm) with small shift and broadness of gold band after mixing with resucing and capping agent in natural extract which suggest presence of bimetallic nano structure (Au/Ag). FTIR and EDAX data approve the presence of bimetallic nano structure combined with curcumin extract. TEM micrographs shows that silver and gold can be synthesized separately in the form of nano particles using curcumin extract. Synthesis of gold nano particles in presence of silver effectively enhance and control formation of bi-metallic structure.

Download Full-text

Scalable Synthesis of Functionalized Ferrocenyl Azides and Amines Enabled by Flow Chemistry

10.26434/chemrxiv.11321975 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Merlin Kleoff ◽

Johannes Schwan ◽

Lisa Boeser ◽

Bence Hartmayer ◽

Mathias Christmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Heterogeneous Reaction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Flow Chemistry ◽

Subsequent Reaction ◽

Scalable Synthesis ◽

High Yields ◽

Reactor Section

A scalable access to functionalized 1,1’- and 1,2-ferrocenyl azides has been realized in flow. By halogen‒lithium exchange of ferrocenyl halides and subsequent reaction with tosyl azide, a variety of functionalized ferrocenyl azides was obtained in high yields. To allow a scalable preparation of these potentially explosive compounds, an efficient flow protocol was developed accelerating the reaction time to minutes and circumventing accumulation of potentially hazardous intermediates. Switching from homogeneous to triphasic flow amidst process was key for handling a heterogeneous reaction mixture formed after a heated reactor section. The corresponding and synthetically versatile ferrocenyl amines were then prepared by a reliable reduction process.

Download Full-text

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using flower extract of Piliostigma thonningii and their antibacterial activity evaluation

10.31221/osf.io/57zrj ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Environmental Remediation ◽

Iron Nanoparticles ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Visible Range ◽

Magnetic Storage ◽

Ferrous Chloride ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Piliostigma Thonningii

Iron nanoparticles have gained tremendous attention due to their application in magnetic storage media, ferrofluids, biosensors, catalysts, separation processes, environmental remediation and antibacterial activity. In the present paper, iron nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous flower extract of Piliostigma thonningii, a natural nontoxic herbal infusion. Iron nanoparticles were generated by reaction of ferrous chloride solution with the flower extract. The reductants present in the flower extract acted as reducing and stabilizing agents. UV-vis analysis of the iron nanoparticles showed continuous absorption in the visible range suggesting the iron nanoparticles were amorphous. This was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which did not have distinct diffraction peaks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles were aggregated as irregular clusters with rough surfaces. FT-IR studies showed the functional groups that participated in the bio-reduction process to include a C-H stretch (due to alkane CH3, CH2 or CH), C=O stretch (due to aldehydes), O-H bend (due to tert-alcohol or phenol), C-O stretch (due to aldehydes or phenols) and C-O stretch (due to alcohols) corresponding to absorptions at 2929.00, 1721.53, 1405.19, 1266.31 and 1030.02 cm-1 respectively. The iron nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial activity against Escharichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suggesting potential antibacterial application.

Download Full-text

Preparation of primary Al-Si alloy from bauxite tailings by carbothermal reduction process

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China ◽

10.1016/s1003-6326(09)60112-6 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Dong YANG ◽

Nai-xiang FENG ◽

Yao-wu WANG ◽

Xiao-lei WU

Keyword(s):

Carbothermal Reduction ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Bauxite Tailings

Download Full-text

Effect of synthesis and activation methods on the character of CoMo/ultrastable Y-zeolite catalysts

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 745-754

Author(s):

Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽

Eddy Heraldy ◽

Rachmadani ◽

Yuniawan Hidayat ◽

Indriana Kartini

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Y Zeolite ◽

X Ray ◽

Irregular Particle ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Pure Metals

Abstract The properties of three types of CoMo/USY catalysts with different synthesized methods have been studied. The sequential and co-impregnation methods followed by activation using calcination and reduction process have been conducted. The properties of the catalysts were examined using Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) with refinement, and surface area analyzer (SAA). The FTIR spectrum study revealed the enhanced intensity of its Bronsted acid site, and the XRD diffractogram pattern verified the composition of pure metals, oxides, and alloys in the catalyst. The SAA demonstrated the mesoporous features of the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy showed an irregular particle morphology. Additional analysis using the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the metal has successfully impregnated without damaging the USY structure.

Download Full-text

Development and validation of a short version of the Sarcopenia Quality of Life questionnaire: the SF-SarQoL

Quality of Life Research ◽

10.1007/s11136-021-02823-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Geerinck ◽

C. Beaudart ◽

J.-Y. Reginster ◽

M. Locquet ◽

C. Monseur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Short Form ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Short Version ◽

Second Phase ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Quality Of Life Questionnaire ◽

Two Phases

Abstract Purpose To facilitate the measurement of quality of life in sarcopenia, we set out to reduce the number of items in the previously validated Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoL®) questionnaire, and to evaluate the clinimetric properties of this new short form. Methods The item reduction process was carried out in two phases. First, information was gathered through item-impact scores from older people (n = 1950), a Delphi method with sarcopenia experts, and previously published clinimetric data. In the second phase, this information was presented to an expert panel that decided which of the items to include in the short form. The newly created SFSarQoL was then administered to older, community-dwelling participants who previously participated in the SarcoPhAge study. We examined discriminative power, internal consistency, construct validity, test–retest reliability, structural validity and examined item parameters with a graded response model (IRT). Results The questionnaire was reduced from 55 to 14 items, a 75% reduction. A total of 214 older, community-dwelling people were recruited for the validation study. The clinimetric evaluation showed that the SF-SarQoL® can discriminate on sarcopenia status [EWGSOP2 criteria; 34.52 (18.59–43.45) vs. 42.86 (26.56–63.69); p = 0.043], is internally consistent (α = 0.915, ω = 0.917) and reliable [ICC = 0.912 (0.847–0.942)]. A unidimensional model was fitted (CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.975; RMSEA = 0.108, 90% CI 0.094–0.123; SRMR = 0.055) with no misfitting items and good response category separation. Conclusions A new, 14-item, short form version of the Sarcopenia Quality of Life questionnaire has been developed and shows good clinimetric properties.

Download Full-text

Evolution of reduction process from tungsten oxide to ultrafine tungsten powder via hydrogen

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2021-0017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 171-177

Author(s):

Yue Wang ◽

Ben Fu Long ◽

Chun Yu Liu ◽

Gao An Lin

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Tungsten Oxide ◽

Tungsten Powder ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Transition Process ◽

Vapor Transport ◽

Fibrous Structure ◽

Chemical Vapor Transport ◽

Oxide Particles

Abstract Herein, the evolution of reduction process of ultrafine tungsten powder in industrial conditions was investigated. The transition process of morphology and composition was examined via SEM, XRD, and calcination experiments. The results show that the reduction sequence of WO2.9 was WO2.9 → WO2.72 → WO2 → W on the surface, but WO2.9 → WO2 → W inside the oxide particles. With the aid of chemical vapor transport of WO x (OH) y , surface morphology transformed into rod-like, star-shaped cracking, floret, irregularly fibrous structure, and finally, spherical tungsten particles.

Download Full-text

Scenario reduction methodologies under uncertainties for reservoir development purposes: distance-based clustering and metaheuristic algorithm

Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ◽

10.1007/s13202-021-01210-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Kourosh Mahjour ◽

Antonio Alberto Souza Santos ◽

Manuel Gomes Correia ◽

Denis José Schiozer

Keyword(s):

Flow Simulation ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Computational Time ◽

Metaheuristic Algorithm ◽

Dynamic Data ◽

Scenario Reduction ◽

Field Development ◽

Data Usage ◽

Simulation Process ◽

Uncertainty Space

AbstractThe simulation process under uncertainty needs numerous reservoir models that can be very time-consuming. Hence, selecting representative models (RMs) that show the uncertainty space of the full ensemble is required. In this work, we compare two scenario reduction techniques: (1) Distance-based Clustering with Simple Matching Coefficient (DCSMC) applied before the simulation process using reservoir static data, and (2) metaheuristic algorithm (RMFinder technique) applied after the simulation process using reservoir dynamic data. We use these two methods as samples to investigate the effect of static and dynamic data usage on the accuracy and rate of the scenario reduction process focusing field development purposes. In this work, a synthetic benchmark case named UNISIM-II-D considering the flow unit modelling is used. The results showed both scenario reduction methods are reliable in selecting the RMs from a specific production strategy. However, the obtained RMs from a defined strategy using the DCSMC method can be applied to other strategies preserving the representativeness of the models, while the role of the strategy types to select the RMs using the metaheuristic method is substantial so that each strategy has its own set of RMs. Due to the field development workflow in which the metaheuristic algorithm is used, the number of required flow simulation models and the computational time are greater than the workflow in which the DCSMC method is applied. Hence, it can be concluded that static reservoir data usage on the scenario reduction process can be more reliable during the field development phase.

Download Full-text