VISCERAL AND SUBCUTANEOUS FAT INCREASED AFTER TREATMENT OF GRAVES DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-491
Author(s):  
Ayako Ito ◽  
Takao Ando ◽  
Aya Nozaki ◽  
Ai Haraguchi ◽  
Ichiro Horie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine

Objective: Patients with Graves disease (GD) tend to gain weight after treatment, but it remains unknown if weight gain is associated with an increase in the visceral and/or subcutaneous fat areas (VFA, SFA). Methods: We enrolled 25 newly diagnosed GD patients (22 females, median age 33.0 years) and studied their clinical parameters, and VFA and SFA measured by a dual bioelectric impedance analysis. We divided them into 2 groups based on the rates of change in the VFA and SFA, and we compared clinical parameters at the baseline between the groups to evaluate factors that influence increases in the VFA and/or SFA with treatment. Results: The patients' body weight (BW), VFA, and SFA were significantly increased after a 6-month treatment (BW: from 54.3 ± 10.3 kg to 58.0 ± 11.2 kg; P<.001; VFA: from 47.1 ± 21.3 cm2 to 54.7 ± 23.4 cm2; P = .004; SFA: from 159.8 ± 85.9 cm2 to 182.2 ± 82.9 cm2; P = .008). The percent changes of BW correlated with the SFA (ρ = .591, P = .002), but not with the VFA. The patients with larger VFA increases had significantly less VFA at the baseline compared to those with smaller increases, expressed as median and interquartile range (33.9 cm2 [22.7 to 47.5 cm2] versus 54.5 cm2 [45.2 to 64.0], respectively; P = .011). A larger increase in the SFA was negatively associated with serum alkaline phosphatase. An increase in the SFA was associated with free triiodothyronine (T3) in a multivariate logistic analysis (odds ratio: 0.80 [0.59 to 0.97]; P = .013). Conclusion: The patients' BW, VFA, and SFA were increased after GD treatment. The increase in SFA seemed to contribute to weight gain and was associated with a low baseline level of free T3. Abbreviations: ALP = alkaline phosphatase; BMI = body mass index; BW = body weight; GD = Graves disease; SFA = subcutaneous fat area; T3 = triiodothyronine; T4 = thyroxine; TG = triglycerides; VFA = visceral fat areas

Pre-operative serum alkaline phosphatase as a predictive indicator of post-operative hypocalcaemia in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Miah ◽  
S Mahendran ◽  
C Mak ◽  
G Leese ◽  
D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Level ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Predictive Indicator

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate whether a pre-operative elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level is a potential predictor of post-operative hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.Methods:Data was retrospectively collected from the case notes of patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy. Patients were divided into Graves’ disease and non-Graves’ groups. Pre-operative and post-operative biochemical markers, including serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels, were reviewed.Results:A total of 225 patients met the inclusion criteria. Graves’ disease was the most common indication (n = 134; 59.5 per cent) for thyroidectomy. Post-operative hypocalcaemia developed in 48 patients (21.3 per cent) and raised pre-operative serum alkaline phosphatase was noted in 94 patients (41.8 per cent). Raised pre-operative serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly associated with post-operative hypocalcaemia, particularly in Graves’ disease patients (p< 0.05).Conclusion:Pre-operative serum alkaline phosphatase measurements help to predict post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia, especially in patients who do not develop hypoparathyroidism. Ascertaining the pre-operative serum alkaline phosphatase level in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy may help surgeons to identify at-risk patients.

Estimation of body composition changes during weight cycling by bioelectrical impedance analysis in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2092-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ilagan ◽  
V. Bhutani ◽  
P. Archer ◽  
P. K. Lin ◽  
K. L. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effects of body weight cycling (WC) in rats on body composition (BC) and feeding efficiency were studied. The usefulness of estimating BC by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was also examined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into high-fat ad libitum feeding, either noncycling or cycling, or restricted feeding (75% of control feed) cycling groups. Control rats were fed a regular laboratory ad libitum diet and did not cycle. All rats were killed at the end of week 61. A BIA unit was used at each stage of WC to obtain resistance and reactance readings. Final BC was determined by chemical analysis. On the basis of the final chemical analysis and BIA measurements, an equation was established and applied to estimate BC at each stage of WC: fat-free mass (g) = 0.38 x body wt (g) + 13.8 x [length (cm)2/resistance] + 70.9 (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). High-fat ad libitum feeding induced rapid body weight and fat gains as well as an elevated feeding efficiency and an internal fat-to-subcutaneous fat ratio, regardless of whether the rats cycled. This change in fat mass was clearly detected by the BIA. Although rats fed restricted diets had similar body weights as did control rats, they had a significantly higher internal fat-to-subcutaneous fat ratio. Thus, not only the amount of food but also the composition of the diet is important for proper weight management. The BIA method is capable of detecting the body fat mass change during WC.

Disruption of the murine intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene Akp3 impairs lipid transcytosis and induces visceral fat accumulation and hepatic steatosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. G1439-G1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanari Nakano ◽  
Ikuo Inoue ◽  
Iwao Koyama ◽  
Kenta Kanazawa ◽  
Koh-ichi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is involved in the process of fat absorption, a conclusion confirmed by an altered lipid transport and a faster body weight gain from 10 to 30 wk in both male and female mice with a homozygous null mutation of the IAP coding gene ( Akp3−/− mice). This study was aimed to delineate morphologically and quantitatively the accelerated lipid absorption in male Akp3−/− mice. Feeding a corn oil bolus produced an earlier peak of triacylglycerol in serum (2 vs. 4 h for Akp3−/− and wild-type mice, respectively) and an approximately twofold increase in serum triacylglycerol concentration in Akp3−/− mice injected with a lipolysis inhibitor, Triton WR-1339. A corn oil load induced the threefold enlargement of the Golgi vacuoles in male wild-type mice but not in Akp3−/− mice, indicating that absorbed lipids rarely reached the Golgi complex and that the transcytosis of lipid droplets does not follow the normal pathway in male Akp3−/− mice. Force feeding an exaggerated fat intake by a 30% fat chow for 10 wk induced obesity in both male Akp3−/− and wild-type mice, and therefore no phenotypic difference was observed between the two. On the other hand, the forced high-fat chow induced an 18% greater body weight gain, hepatic steatosis, and visceral fat accumulation in female Akp3−/− mice but not in female wild-type controls. These results provide further evidence that IAP is involved in the regulation of the lipid absorption process and that its absence leads to progressive metabolic abnormalities in certain fat-forced conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bread Waste Fortified with Moringa Leaf Meal on Performance and Health Status of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Muyiwa Adegbenro ◽  
Oluwagbenga Ifeoluwa Oyedun ◽  
Valentine Ayobore Aletor
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Aim: This study is to evaluate the effects of using bread waste fortified with moringa leaf meal on broiler chickens. Methodology: Bread wastes were sun-dried and moringa leaves air-dried. The two dried products were milled separately. Thereafter, the meals were mixed in ratio 9:1 (9 kg Bread Waste + 1 kg Moringa Leaf) to produced fortified bread wastes. Four broiler starter diets and four finisher diets were formulated using fortified bread waste at graded levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% and designated diets I, II, III and IV, respectively. Two hundred chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments of five replicates and ten chicks per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Diets and water were fed to the broilers ad libitum from 0 - 28 days as starter phase and 29 - 56 days as finisher phase. Results: Highest final weight gain and total weight gain (2.12 kg/bird and 2.07 kg/bird) and least feed conversion ratio (2.32) were observed in bird fed Diet I. The dressed weight, eviscerated weight, head, chest, drumstick, wing, thigh, back and shank were influenced significantly (P˂0.05) by the dietary treatments. Highest dressed weight (92.64%), eviscerated weight (79.52%), head (25.34 g/kg body weight), chest (206.53 g/kg body weight) and wing (83.10g/kg body weight) were recorded in bird fed Diet I. Only lymphocyte was influenced (P < .05) by the dietary treatments. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate varies: 2.33 - 3.33 mm/hour, packed cell volume: 26.67 - 28.67%, haemoglobin concentration: 9.23 - 9.88 g/100 ml and mean cell haemoglobin concentration: 34.41 - 34.61%. Cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase were influenced (P < 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The cholesterol: 22.57 - 32.78 mg/dl and alkaline phosphatase: 144.17-150.98 IU/I. Conclusion: From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that increasing levels of fortified bread wastes in broiler chicken diets up till 5% inclusion level can be practiced.

METABOLIC EFFECTS OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS ON THE RAT PITUITARY

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. ZOR ◽  
J. SHORE ◽  
D. LOCKER ◽  
F. G. SULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Production Body

SUMMARY Five monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) were tested for a correlation between MAO blocking potency, the effect on somatotrophic hormone (STH) production and metabolic effects on the pituitary. Mebanazine, N-acetyl-mebanazine and pargyline inhibited STH production, body weight gain and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) dehydrogenase activity. MAOI which contain a hydrazine group (mebanazine and N-acetyl-mebanazine) also inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity as well as DNA and RNA formation in the pituitary, while pargyline, which contains an amino group, was inactive in these respects. Iproniazid and norpargyline were inactive with regard to STH production, body-weight gain and metabolic activities of the pituitary: alkaline phosphatase activity, G-6-P dehydrogenase activity, and DNA and RNA content. This suggests a relation between the ability of an MAOI to inhibit STH production and inhibition of the phosphogluconate oxidative pathway.

Changes in Body Fat Mass in Patients after Starting Peritoneal Dialysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Jeong Choi ◽  
Na Ri Kim ◽  
Seong Ah Hong ◽  
Wan Bok Lee ◽  
Moo Yong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Fat Composition

BackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is characterized by gain in fat mass. Visceral fat mass is associated with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis rather than subcutaneous fat mass. In addition, the change in visceral fat mass is a more reliable predictor of survival in PD patients. In this study, we prospectively examined serial changes in fat composition and nutritional status and analyzed factors associated with gain in fat mass in patients undergoing PD.MethodsBody composition was assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomogram (CT). Nutrition status was assessed by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA), serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipid profile. All measurements except BIA were performed on the seventh day and at 6 and 12 months after the start of PD.Results60 patients (30 men; mean age 55.0 ± 12.5 years) were enrolled. Increase in body weight continued during the 12 months but visceral and subcutaneous fat mass increased during the first 6 months and decreased during the second 6 months. While hematocrit and serum albumin decreased during the first 6 months, they did not change during the second 6 months. Serum creatinine, total cholesterol, and triglyceride increased similarly to the weight pattern. While nPNA decreased during the 12 months, Kt/V, SGA, and CRP did not change. Patients that had more visceral fat mass at the start of PD had less gain of visceral fat mass during the first 6 months ( r = –0.821, p = 0.002). Patients that had more subcutaneous fat mass at the start of PD had less gain of subcutaneous fat mass ( r = –0.709, p = 0.015). The change in weight was not associated with the change in visceral or subcutaneous fat during the first 6 months.ConclusionPatients starting PD experience weight gain, including visceral and subcutaneous fat, during the first 6 months of PD. Patients with high baseline fat mass had less increase in fat mass than those with low baseline fat mass, regardless of visceral or subcutaneous fat mass.

scholarly journals REMODELING OF THE BONE TISSUE OF RATS OF DIFFERENT LINES AFTER MELATONIN EFFECT

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Uliana Zhernoklov ◽  
Vadim Berezovskyi ◽  
Irina Litovka
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bone Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Reliable Increase

The markers of remodeling of bone tissue (BT) were studied after the impact of pharmacologic dose of melatonin (5 mg/kg of the animal body weight) during 28 days for 3-months rats-males of Wistar and SHR lines. The studies were carried out in autumn. The aim of our work was to study the indices of bone tissue remodeling of rats of Wistar and SHR lines after introduction of pharmacologic dose of exogenous melatonin. Biochemical and immune-enzyme methods of analysis were used in the study. In rats of Wistar line was revealed a reliable increase of activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 43,9% (Р<0,05), hyaluronidase activity (HA) by 15,4% and free thyroxin concentration (fТ4) by 30%. There was also registered the decrease of pyridinoline (PYD) concentration by 48% and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) by 46,7%. In rats of SHR line under the same conditions the results essentially differed. The activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) has a tendency to increase by 11,6%, and PYD concentration decreased by 25%. The concentrations of free triiodothyronine (fТ3) and fТ4 reliably increased by 51,3% and 31,1% respectively. In the result of research we revealed that melatonin plays the main role among several main factors of regulation of bone tissue remodeling. It has stimulating influence on bone tissue and hormones of thyroid gland.

Long-term melatonin treatment attenuates body weight gain with aging in female mice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Tamura ◽  
Hiroshi Tamura ◽  
Mai Kawamoto-Jozaki ◽  
Yumiko Doi-tanaka ◽  
Haruka Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Abdominal Fat Deposition

Women usually experience body weight gain with aging, which can put them at risk for many chronic diseases. Previous studies indicated that melatonin treatment attenuates body weight gain and abdominal fat deposition in several male animals. However, it is unclear whether melatonin affects female animals in the same way. This study investigated whether long-term melatonin treatment can attenuate body weight gain with aging and, if it does, what the mechanism is. Ten-week-old female ICR mice were given melatonin-containing water (100 μg/mL) or water only until 43 weeks. Melatonin treatment significantly attenuated body weight gain at 23 weeks (control; 57.2±2.0 g vs. melatonin; 44.4±3.1 g), 33 weeks (control; 65.4±2.6 g vs. melatonin; 52.2±4.2 g) and 43 weeks (control; 66.1±3.2 g vs. melatonin; 54.4±2.5 g) without decreasing the amount of food intake. Micro-CT analyses showed that melatonin significantly decreased the deposition of visceral and subcutaneous fat. These results suggested that melatonin attenuates body weight gain by inhibiting abdominal fat deposition. Metabolome analysis of the liver revealed that melatonin treatment induced a drastic change in the metabolome with the down-regulation of 149 metabolites, including the metabolites of glucose and amino acids. Citrate, which serves as a source of de novo lipogenesis, was one of the down-regulated metabolites. These results show that long-term melatonin treatment induces drastic changes of metabolism and attenuates body weight gain and fat deposition with aging in female mice.

Comparative effects of Venlafaxine and Alendronate on Biochemical, Bone mechanical and Anti-inflammatory properties in ovariectomized rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 3553-3558
Author(s):  
Vadivelan Ramachandran ◽  
Punitha Nanjundan ◽  
Triveni Jasti ◽  
Manogaran Elumalai
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Bone Mineral Mass ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mineral Mass

The drug of choice in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis is alendronate. Antidepressive agents are currently used in combination with alendronate to protect against depression and may affect the condition of osteoporosis. The aim is to study the comparative effects of venlafaxine and alendronate on biochemical, bone mechanical and anti-inflammatory properties in osteoporotic induced rats. 36 female Wistar albino rats were included (6 rats/group). Treated groups were ovariectomized bilaterally to induce osteoporosis. Rats were treated orally with alendronate (3mg/kg/day) and venlafaxine (20mg/kg/day) and combined alendronate and venlafaxine for 28 days. Body weight, serum alkaline phosphates, serum calcium, three point bending test, bone mineral mass and inflammatory cytokines The induction of osteoporosis showed significant elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum calcium, body weight, bone mineral mass and inflammatory cytokines. Venlafaxine treatment did not ameliorate the changes in tested parameters, where at end of the experiment alendronate has significant improved with serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, bone mineral mass, bone mineral density. The improvement was not affected by combining venlafaxine with alendronate whereas the venlafaxine treatment alone caused a significant deterioration of tested parameters. Venlafaxine is an anti-depressive agent that inhibits brain serotonin which leads to decrease in bone formation. Hence, from the above findings the combination of alendronate and venlafaxine showed worsen the condition of osteoporosis rats.

Alimentary, blood and other changes due to feeding MnSO4, MgSO4 and Na2SO4

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Fischer Moinuddin ◽  
Helen Wing-Tsit Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Weight

Rats were fed a basal diet or diets containing extra MnSO4, MgSO4 or Na2SO4 in three experiments. The major effects occurred in the experiment with the highest level of extra sulfates (138 mmoles/kg of feed) as follows. The MgSO4-fed rats ate less feed than the Na2SO4-fed rats. Also, in the MgSO4 group the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase was greater and the cleaned, dried cecum was considerably heavier than in the other groups, and the colon plus rectum was slightly longer than in the basal and MnSO4 groups. The MnSO4-fed rats, compared to rats of the other groups in this experiment, ate less feed, gained less body weight, required more feed per gram of gain, drank more water, voided more urine, showed depigmentation of the labial surfaces of the incisor teeth, had less hemoglobin and serum inorganic phosphorus, and had cleaned, dried stomachs of lighter absolute weight. The erythrocyte count was higher in the MnSO4 group than in the basal or Na2SO4 groups.

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