scholarly journals Biological Treatability of Low Total Dissolved Solids (LTDS) Using SBR as a Pre-Treatment for Reverse Osmosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Sareddy Ravi Sankara Reddy ◽  
Manoj Kumar Karnena ◽  
Satyanarayana Yalakala ◽  
Vara Saritha
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatability

Performance Study of Some Reverse Osmosis Systems for Removal of Uranium and Total Dissolved Solids in Underground Waters of Punjab State, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Jaspal Singh ◽  
Barjinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
State Government ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
High Concentrations

Radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium, radon gas etc.) are found naturally in air, water, soil and rock. Everyday, we ingest and inhale these radionuclides through the air we breathe and through food and water we take. Out of the internal exposure via ingestion of radionuclides, water contributes the major portion. The natural radioactivity of water is due to the activity transfer from bed rock and soils. In our surveys carried out in the past few years, we have observed high concentrations of uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking waters of some southern parts of Punjab State exceeding the safe limits recommended by national and international agencies. The main drinking water source is the underground water procured from different depths. Due to the highly saline taste, disorders in their digestive systems and other ailments, people are installing reverse osmosis (RO) systems in their houses. Some RO systems have been installed on commercial basis. The state government is also in the process of installing community RO systems at the village level. As high values of uranium are also undesired and may pose health hazards due to radioactivity and toxicity of uranium, we have conducted a survey in the field to study the performance of various RO systems for removal of uranium and TDS. Water samples from about forty RO systems from Faridkot, Mansa, Bathinda and Amritsar districts of Punjab State were collected and analyzed. Our results show that some RO systems are able to remove more than 99% of uranium in the underground waters used for drinking purposes. TDS values are also reduced considerably to the desired levels. So RO systems can be used to avoid the risk of unduly health problems posed by high concentrations of uranium and TDS in drinking water.

Recycling of refinery and petrochemical effluents employing advanced multi-barrier systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lahnsteiner ◽  
P. Andrade ◽  
R. D. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Petrochemical Process ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Stringent Quality

The Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Panipat had to build two water reclamation plants as a response to the demands of the environmental authorities. The plants, which treat secondary refinery and various refinery/petrochemical process effluents, were commissioned in 2006 and 2010 respectively. Advanced multi-barrier systems (including ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) have been employed in order to meet the stringent quality requirements for the recycling of boiler make-up water. Excellent results with regard to the removal of the major parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS) and silica have been accomplished, e.g. silica is mainly removed by RO (from 11.6 mg/L in the UF outlet to 0.09 mg/L in the RO permeate (99.2% removal)) and is then reduced further to 0.007 mg/L (7 μg/L; total removal 99.94%) in the mixed bed ion exchanger (20 μg/L is the specified limit for boiler make-up water in various power plant guidelines). Both UF process units have shown relatively good performance. The older UF has been in operation for more than five years with still acceptable permeability values and a relatively low number of fibre breakages.

scholarly journals RANCANGAN MULTISTAGE HIGH RECOVERY BRACKISH WATER REVERSE OSMOSIS PADA PLTU CILACAP KAPASITAS 660 MW

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Teguh Sasono ◽  
Tjatur Udjianto ◽  
Taufik Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Specific Membrane

Rancangan sistem BWRO dengan persentase air hasil pengolahan yang tinggi (high recovery) akan mengurangi biaya operasinya. Untuk mencapai high recovery, skema multistage diterapkan dalam rancangan BWRO ini. Dengan menerapkan skema multistage dan nilai recovery per elemen sebesar 14,53%, sistem BWRO ini memiliki keandalan (reliability) yang baik dengan investasi yang rendah. Air yang diolah pada BWRO merupakan air keluaran dari Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), air keluaran SWRO ini masih mengandung mineral di dalamnya. Kandungan mineral di dalam air disebut Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), TDS merupakan parameter yang harus dikurangi jumlahnya. Air keluaran SWRO merupakan brackish water dengan kandungan TDS 400 mg/L, temperature 25"C, dan nilai pH 8. Perancangan BWRO dimulai dari menentukan kebutuhan jumlah air dan mengetahui karakteristik air yang akan diolah. Kemudian, dilakukan pemilihan elemen membran dan pressurevessel, menentukan recoveryrate, dan menentukan jumlah stage. Selanjutnya, adalah menentukan tekanan input dan menghitung parameter performansi BWRO. Selain TDS, parameter yang menjadi pesyaratan dalam rancangan BWRO ini adalah Specific Membrane Permeability (SMP) standar BWRO yaitu 4,9-8,3 Lmh/bar. Dari hasil rancangan didapat feed flow 127,28 m3/jam, permeateflow 113 m3/jam, jumlah vessel stage 1 dan 2 masing-masing 12 buah dan 4 buah, TDS 7,72 mg/L, SMP stage 1 dan stage 2 masing - masing 6,52 Lmh/bar dan 6,87 Lmh/bar.

scholarly journals Design of a Sea Water Distiller Using Thermo-Solar Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Cuauhtémoc Pozos Vázquez ◽  
Víctor Daniel Acuña Díaz ◽  
Juan Pablo Torres Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Plate Type

There are different technologies for the desalination of seawater, such as reverse osmosis and conventional distillation based on electricity and fuels. In this last one, it is worth highlighting the distillation using renewable energies in which, during their operation, greenhouse gases are not emitted. The present study aims to obtain potable water by distillation of seawater using a prototype that reflects and concentrates the solar energy towards a container of salt water using a system of solar collectors of the parabolic plate type. A salt removal of 99% was obtained, which was verified with the conductivity (281.33S/cm), salinity (0.1%), and total dissolved solids (135.2 mg / L) determinations. Based on these results, it is proposed that any population with access to the sea and good average annual solar radiation could use the proposed prototype.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF YAMUNA RIVER AT GOKUL BARRAGE, MATHURA (UP) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR RAJAWAT ◽  
PRAVEEN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Chemical Condition ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Almost All

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Yamuna River at Gokul Barrage, Mathura, (UP). The time period of study was July 2015 to June 2016. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studied were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP KUALITAS CUKA TOMI-TOMI (Flacourtia inermis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Sandra J Nendissa ◽  
Rachel Breemer ◽  
Nikholaus Melamas
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Four Levels

This objectives of this research were both to study and determine the best level of concentration of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae and period of fermentation on the quality of tomi-tomi vinegar (Flacourtia inermis). A completely randomized experimental design with two factors of treatment was applied in this research. The first factor was concentration of yeast S. cereviseae having four levels of tretament, i.e.: without the addition of yeast 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g yeast. The second factor was period fermentation with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The result indicated that the concentration of yeast S. cereviseae 1.5 g and period fermentation 5 week produced a good tomi-tomi vinegar with total acids 51.22%, total dissolved solids 8.35, total sugar 8.07% and pH 5.40.

Combination of Carbonated Aloe Vera Drink with Lemon Juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefrianta Demu Geri ◽  
Dewi Fortuna Ayu ◽  
Noviar Harun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Range Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of carbonated aloe vera drink and lemon juice. This research used completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments performed were L1 (90% carbonated aloe vera and 10% lemon juice), L2 (80% carbonated aloe vera and 20% lemon juice), L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice), and L4 (60% carbonated aloe vera and 40% lemon juice). Data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by duncan new multiple range test (DNMRT) at level 5%. The combination treatments of carbonated aloe vera drinks and lemon juice had a significant effect on acidity (pH), vitamin C, total dissolved solids, and descriptive and hedonic sensory assessment. The best treatment from the research was L3 (70% carbonated aloe vera and 30% lemon juice) with pH of 4.26, vitamin C of 19.97 mg, and total dissolved solids of 14.34°brix. The overall sensory test result preferred by panelists with descriptions of yellow color, lemon flavor, and had a slightly sweet taste.

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