scholarly journals An Epidemic of Scurvy, Identified Based on Lower Extremity Swelling, in a Southern Ethiopian Prison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondwossen Amogne ◽  
Meskerem Nimani ◽  
Ishmael Shemsedin ◽  
Wadu Marshalo ◽  
Daddi Jima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Clinical Cases

In October 2016, we received reports of five deaths among prisoners with leg swelling of unknown etiology in southwestern Ethiopia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the outbreak. A suspected case was defined as a prisoner with leg swelling of unknown etiology noted between May 15, 2016 and November 29, 2016. A total of 118 suspected cases were identified with unilateral or bilateral leg swelling without an identifiable cause from a total of 2,790 prisoners. Eight of the suspected cases were thoroughly examined, and seven of these suspected cases had clinical findings consistent with scurvy. Three of the clinical cases had undetectable vitamin C levels in the serum. The attack rate for the prison was 4.2% (118/2,790), and 11 deaths were identified, making the case fatality rate 9.3% (11/118). Clinical cases of scurvy had symptoms of fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and signs of follicular hyperkeratosis, petechiae, peripheral edema, and oral lesions. All clinical cases had severe anemia with hemoglobin <6.0 g/dL. The diet provided by the prison excluded fruits and vegetables. Scurvy was determined to be the cause of the outbreak, and vitamin C supplementation was promptly initiated. All symptomatic prisoners improved, and no further cases were identified in a 4-week follow-up period of active surveillance.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Trends in Vitamin C Consumption in the United States: 1999–2018

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Mary Brauchla ◽  
Mark J. Dekker ◽  
Colin D. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Low intakes of fruits and vegetables have resulted in suboptimal intakes of several micronutrients, including vitamin C. This cross-sectional study used data from 84,902 children/adults (≥1 y) who completed a 24-h dietary recall as part of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018). Mean vitamin C intakes from foods/beverages were calculated as were trends in major food/beverage sources of vitamin C. Percentages below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were estimated. Overall, mean vitamin C consumption declined by 23% (97–75 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). 100% fruit juice was the leading source of vitamin C (25.6% of total or 21.7mg/d), but this declined by 48% (25–13 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). Whole fruit increased among children/adolescents (+75.8%;10–17 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001), but not adults, while the vegetable contribution was generally unchanged. The proportion of the population below the EAR increased by 23.8% on a relative scale or 9 percentage points on an absolute scale (38.3–47.4%). Declines in vitamin C intake is driven largely by decreases in fruit juice coupled with modest increases in whole fruit. Due to associations between vitamin C intake and numerous health outcomes these trends warrant careful monitoring moving forward.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae Associated with the 2017 Outbreak in Kasese district

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stanley Iramiot ◽  
Innocent B. Rwego ◽  
Catherine Kansiime ◽  
Benon B Asiimwe
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background Cholera has continued to be a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of social development in developing countries. This report summarizes findings from the epidemiologic investigation, which aimed at identifying the mode of transmission and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kasese district, Uganda. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe the epidemiology of the 2017 cholera outbreak in Kasese district. Rectal swabs were collected from 69 suspected case-persons and cultured on Thiosulphate-Citrate-Bile-Salts Sucrose (TCBS™; SEIKEN Japan) agar and incubated at 370C for 18-24 hours. The isolates were serotyped with polyvalent 01 antiserum and monovalent serotype Inaba and Ogawa antisera (Denka Seiken, Tokyo, Japan) to determine which serotype was responsible for the outbreak. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results A total of 222 cases were recorded in the Kasese District outbreak between the month of September 2017 and January 2018 with the case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.4%. Children below the age of 14 years contributed the biggest proportion of the cases (70%) and out of these, 33% were aged below five years. Antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and over 50% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole whereas gentamicin showed 100% susceptibility. The general trend also showed increased susceptibility to combination therapy as opposed to mono-therapy.

scholarly journals Awareness and outcomes of the fruits and veggies (FNV) campaign to promote fruit and vegetable consumption among targeted audiences in California and Virginia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa R. Englund ◽  
Valisa E. Hedrick ◽  
Sofía Rincón-Gallardo Patiño ◽  
Lauren E. Kennedy ◽  
Kathryn W. Hosig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample

Abstract Background In 2015, the Partnership for a Healthier America launched the branded Fruits & Veggies (FNV) Campaign to apply a unique industry-inspired marketing approach to promote fruit and vegetable sales and intake to moms and teens in two US pilot markets: Fresno, California and Hampton Roads, Virginia. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to: 1) assess brand awareness and fruit- and vegetable-related outcomes among FNV Campaign target audiences in the California and Virginia market locations; and 2) examine whether reported awareness of the FNV Campaign was associated with differences in fruit- and vegetable-related cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were collected using an online survey administered to a non-probability convenience sample (n = 1604; February–July 2017) of youth aged 14–20 years (n = 744) and moms aged 21–36 years (n = 860) in the two pilot markets. Descriptive statistics were computed and outcomes compared between unaware and aware respondents, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to assess whether fruit- and vegetable-related attitude, belief, and encouragement outcomes differed by FNV Campaign awareness; logistic regression was used to examine associations between FNV brand awareness and dichotomous variables (fruit- and vegetable-related behavioral intentions, trying new fruits and vegetables); and ANCOVA was used to assess associations with daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency. Results Approximately 20% (n = 315/1604) of respondents reported awareness of the FNV Campaign. Youth that reported awareness of the FNV Campaign (n = 167, 22.4%) had higher intentions to buy (p = 0.003) and eat (p = 0.009) fruits and vegetables than unaware respondents. Mothers that reported awareness of the FNV Campaign (n = 148, 17.2%) reported greater encouragement for friends and family to eat fruits and vegetables (p = 0.013) and were approximately 1.5 times more likely to report trying a new fruit or vegetable (p = 0.04) than mothers unaware of the Campaign. Daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency did not differ by Campaign awareness. Conclusions FNV Campaign awareness was associated with limited but positive short- and intermediate-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes among target audience respondents. These findings can inform future research to enhance understanding and improve the FNV Campaign as it is expanded to new markets nationwide.

scholarly journals Characteristics, Management, and Case-Fatality of Patients Hospitalized for Stroke with a Diagnosis of COVID-19 in France

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amélie Gabet ◽  
Clémence Grave ◽  
Edouard Chatignoux ◽  
Philippe Tuppin ◽  
Yannick Béjot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Index Hospitalization ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Systèmes D’Information

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> COVID-19 was found to be associated with an increased risk of stroke. This study aimed to compare characteristics, management, and outcomes of hospitalized stroke patients with or without a hospital diagnosis of CO­VID-19 at a nationwide scale. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a cross-sectional study on all French hospitals covering the entire French population using the French national hospital discharge databases (<i>Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Information</i>, included in the <i>Système National des Données de Santé</i>). All patients hospitalized for stroke between 1 January and 14 June 2020 in France were selected. A diagnosis of COVID-19 was searched for during the index hospitalization for stroke or in a prior hospitalization that had occurred after 1 January 2020. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among the 56,195 patients hospitalized for stroke, 800 (1.4%) had a concomitant COVID-19 diagnosis. Inhospital case-fatality rates were higher in stroke patients with COVID-19, particularly for patients with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 (33.2%), as compared to patients hospitalized for stroke without CO­VID-19 diagnosis (14.1%). Similar findings were observed for 3-month case-fatality rates adjusted for age and sex that reached 41.7% in patients hospitalized for stroke with a concomitant primary diagnosis of COVID-19 versus 20.0% in strokes without COVID-19. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients hospitalized for stroke with a concomitant COVID-19 diagnosis had a higher inhospital and 3 months case-fatality rates compared to patients hospitalized for stroke without a COVID-19 diagnosis. Further research is needed to better understand the excess of mortality related to these cases.

scholarly journals Dietary and supplemental antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrient intakes and pulmonary function

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2081-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tze Pin Ng ◽  
Mathew Niti ◽  
Keng Bee Yap ◽  
Wan Cheng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractObjectiveA limited but growing body of evidence supports a significant role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory micronutrients in pulmonary health. We investigated the associations of dietary and supplemental intakes of vitamins A, C, E and D, Se and n-3 PUFA with pulmonary function in a population-based study.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study and data analysis of fruits and vegetables, dairy products and fish, vitamins A, C, E and D, Se and n-3 PUFA supplemental intakes, pulmonary risk factors and spirometry.SubjectsChinese older adults (n 2478) aged 55 years and above in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies.ResultsIn multiple regression models that controlled simultaneously for gender, age, height, smoking, occupational exposure and history of asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI, physical activity, and in the presence of other nutrient variables, daily supplementary vitamins A/C/E (b = 0·044, se = 0·022, P = 0·04), dietary fish intake at least thrice weekly (b = 0·058, se = 0·016, P < 0·0001) and daily supplementary n-3 PUFA (b = 0·068, se = 0·032, P = 0·034) were individually associated with forced expiratory volume in the first second. Supplemental n-3 PUFA was also positively associated with forced vital capacity (b = 0·091, se = 0·045, P = 0·045). No significant association with daily dairy product intake, vitamin D or Se supplements was observed.ConclusionsThe findings support the roles of antioxidant vitamins and n-3 PUFA in the pulmonary health of older persons.

scholarly journals Urban index and lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in China: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110037
Author(s):  
Zhichong Chen ◽  
Menghui Liu ◽  
Shaozhao Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Xiong ◽  
Xiangbin Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors

China is at a stage of rapid urbanization over the past decades, and the association of urbanization with cardiovascular disease has been confirmed by previous studies. However, few studies assessed the association of urbanization with cardiovascular risk factors, especially in Chinese population. We conducted a cross-sectional, populational-based study, using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009. The logistic regression was used to assess the association of urbanization measured by urban index with cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, physical activity and fruits and vegetables consumption), varied with sex. The current study included 18,887 participants enrolled (mean age 39.8 ± 19.8 years; 52.2% female) who live in China. In regression model, the urban index was significantly associated with the variations of cardiovascular risk factors for male, including diabetes (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22–1.48), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.22), never smoking (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.96), higher fruits and vegetables consumptions (OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10–1.22), and higher physical activity (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66–0.73). Compared with the male, the associations of urban index with cardiovascular risk factors for female were similar, but not for BMI (OR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.96–1.05). The present finding emphasizes the changes of cardiovascular risk factors associated with urbanization in China, and indicated that close attention should be paid to the risk of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and men’s obesity in the process of urbanization.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis C and its Relationship with Frailty in Older Hospitalised Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Yogesh Sharma ◽  
Alexandra Popescu ◽  
Chris Horwood ◽  
Paul Hakendorf ◽  
Campbell Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
Frailty Assessment ◽  
Geriatric Unit ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
The Relationship

Frailty is common in older hospitalised patients and may be associated with micronutrient malnutrition. Only limited studies have explored the relationship between frailty and vitamin C deficiency. This study investigated the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency and its association with frailty severity in patients ≥75 years admitted under a geriatric unit. Patients (n = 160) with a mean age of 84.4 ± 6.4 years were recruited and underwent frailty assessment by use of the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS). Patients with an EFS score <10 were classified as non-frail/vulnerable/mildly frail and those with ≥10 as moderate–severely frail. Patients with vitamin C levels between 11–28 μmol/L were classified as vitamin C depleted while those with levels <11 μmol/L were classified as vitamin C deficient. A multivariate logistic regression model determined the relationship between vitamin C deficiency and frailty severity after adjustment for various co-variates. Fifty-seven (35.6%) patients were vitamin C depleted, while 42 (26.3%) had vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C levels were significantly lower among patients who were moderate–severely frail when compared to those who were non-frail/vulnerable/mildly frail (p < 0.05). After adjusted analysis, vitamin C deficiency was 4.3-fold more likely to be associated with moderate–severe frailty (aOR 4.30, 95% CI 1.33-13.86, p = 0.015). Vitamin C deficiency is common and is associated with a greater severity of frailty in older hospitalised patients.

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